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2. Review and Renewal of Qualifications: Towards Methodologies for Analysing and Comparing Learning Outcomes. Cedefop Research Paper. No 82
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
- Abstract
The feedback between vocational education and training (VET) and the labour market can provide important input for the review and renewal of qualifications. A feedback loop that is based on learning outcomes helps provide deeper insights into what is required on the labour market, what is offered in training provisions and assessed at the end of a learning programme. The aim of this study is to contribute to strengthening the quality and relevance of qualifications and completing the feedback loop between education and the labour market. It examines methods of collecting data on the match/mismatch between qualifications and labour market requirements, including analysis of how achieved learning outcomes are applied and perceived in the labour market (for example methods of collecting the experience of employers with holders of these qualifications). This report addresses the following two questions: (1) which data already exist in the countries, providing insight into the relevance of qualifications to employees, employers and other labour market stakeholders?; and (2) how can survey methodology be designed to systematically capture the experiences and appreciations of employers as regards the content and profile of qualifications? To what extent, based on limited testing, can scalability of the methodology be achieved?
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- 2021
3. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
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This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
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- 2018
4. Globalisation Opportunities for VET: How European and International Initiatives Help in Renewing Vocational Education and Training in European Countries. Cedefop Research Paper. No 71
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
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In a highly competitive global landscape, occupations are transformed, new jobs are created and the skills needed for the labour market are constantly changing. European countries are looking at redefining VET [vocational education and training] to respond promptly to such challenges and take advantage of the opportunities ahead. They are reforming to modernise their VET systems and strengthen the relevance of their national qualifications in an international context. This publication explores national responses to globalisation in 15 countries and five economic sectors. It aims to understand how European and international initiatives help VET renewal across Europe. It shows how countries' reactions are embedded in their national traditions but also depend on their interactions with European, sectoral and multinational players that provide training and award qualifications. [The research was carried out by a consortium led by IBE Educational research institute and 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH.]
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- 2018
5. Education Systems, Education Reforms, and Adult Skills in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). OECD Education Working Papers, No. 182
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Liu, Huacong
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This study uses the PIAAC data to examine the relationships between education system characteristics (e.g. early tracking and vocational education orientation) and distributions of adult numeracy skills. It also investigates the effects of postponing the tracking age and easing university access for students on a vocational track on the average skills and different percentiles of the skills distribution. Correlational analysis suggests that education systems with more students enrolled in vocational tracks have on average higher levels of numeracy skills and more compressed skills distributions between the 50th and 90th percentiles. Further analysis suggests that postponing the tracking age among 14 European countries does not have a significant effect on the average skills of the population. However, it increases skills for individuals at the 10th, 20th, and 30th percentiles of the skill distribution. Expanding university access is associated with an increase in numeracy skills, particularly for individuals at the bottom three deciles of the distribution.
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- 2018
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6. Employer Sanctions in Europe. CIS Paper 3.
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Center for Immigration Studies, Washington, DC., Miller, Mark J., and Lovell, Malcolm R.
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This booklet contains two papers on Western European countries' attempt to deal with illegal immigration through employer sanctions. In "Deterrence without Discrimination," Mark J. Miller discusses the sanctions employed by France and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Evidence from the early years of enforcement reveals that due to poor interagency cooperation, insufficient enforcement personnel, and mild penalties, the sanctions appeared to have failed. However, in the early 1980s, when France and the FRG toughened their enforcement, the evidence indicates that job discrimination against North African Arabs did not increase, and Europeans now regard the sanctions as necessary to combat the exploitation of illegal immigrants. Malcolm R. Lovell, Jr. draws on Miller's analysis in "Europe's Lessons for America" and perceives the European experience as an important lesson for the United States. In the United States, the Department of Labor, the Social Security Administration, and the Internal Revenue Service need to play major roles in the enforcement of sanctions, while employer cooperation with these agencies is vital. The U.S. Immigration and Nationalization Service must be fully supported by Congress, and the re-evaluation of fines and penalties must occur on a regular basis. A conclusion of both papers is that employer sanctions are not a cure-all for the complex problem of illegal immigration in Europe or the United States. (DJC)
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- 1987
7. Erasmus Virtual Exchange as an Authentic Learner Experience
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Reynolds, Alexandra
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This small-scale study draws on a higher education context where French-speaking students, "in situ" at Bordeaux University, participated in the Sharing Perspectives Foundation's flagship "Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange" (E+VE) program (2018-2019). French-speaking students interacted in English on the topic of "Newcomers and Nationalism" via weekly webinars with non-native English-speaking students from other participating universities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean region. Authenticity is a complex concept involving the degree of implication and meaning speakers give to their interactions (Gilmore, 2007; Pinner, 2016; Widdowson, 2003). The study therefore addresses the question of how participant feedback can help us to assess E+VE in terms of authenticity. The methods used to investigate this research question were the qualitative analysis of the French students' reflective journals, questionnaires, and interviews. The results show that E+VE is conducive to authentic learner experiences. This study has also enabled a definition of 'authenticity' as a transformative language learner experience in virtual exchange. [For the complete volume, see ED609298.]
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- 2020
8. The French Connection at the Council of Europe: 'Éducation Permanente' as a Pan-European Policy Repertoire
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Hake, Barry J.
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This paper examines transnational circulation of political and pedagogical ideas associated with "éducation permanente" with particular reference to post-war Western Europe. It offers a socio-historical reconstruction of pan-European dissemination and reception of policy repertoires articulated by governmental and non-governmental policy actors. It focuses on advocacy regarding permanent education as a pan-European repertoire associated with the Council of Europe during the 1960s and 1970s. The paper explores involvement of French and other francophone nationals in circulatory regimes, who were engaged in mediating partisan reform aspirations, exchange of information, and dissemination of innovative practices at national, transnational, and pan-European levels. The more specific focus of this paper addresses participation of 'rooted cosmopolitans' in policy formation, who are defined as policy actors rooted in specific national contexts, but who engage in regular activities involving their participation in transnational networks. The conclusions call for further research into circulatory regimes at local, sub-national, regional, national, bilateral, transnational, and pan-European during the 1960s and 1970s. Such research should focus on revisiting different expert, reformist, missionary, and militant networks responsible for building peripatetic 'scholar-militant-activist' coalitions that historically contributed to pan-European policy repertoires seeking to mobilise citizens to participate in the unfinished political project of pan-European cultural democracy.
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- 2022
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9. Assessing Verbal Interaction: Towards European Harmonization. Insights from the Co-Operation between Spanish and French Language Exams for Higher Education (CertAcles/CLES)
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Zabala Delgado, Julia and Rouveyrol, Laurent
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Verbal interaction has been the subject of a growing interest among language professionals in Europe since the CEFR was published in 2001; in linguistics, verbal interaction has long been studied. In the Bakhtinian approach, it is even considered "the fundamental reality of language". All types of interaction share the fact that they are dynamically co-constructed by participants. How then can we assess or certify interactional competence on an individual basis when dynamic instability prevails? What criteria can be defined in order to deconstruct interactional competence into specific operational criteria, if interaction is intrinsically multidimensional? These are the questions that we address in this paper. To do so, this paper presents the insights gained as a result of the co-operation between two certification systems: CertAcles (Spain) and CLES (France), both belonging to NULTE ("Network of University Language Testers in Europe"). These certification systems have agreed to collaborate extensively, sharing their constructs and assessment routines. As a result, CertAcles is shifting towards more contextualized tasks and CLES is considering adopting descriptive assessment scales for interaction (C1 level). We hope to demonstrate that the materialization of scientific collaboration of this kind can help improve individual systems.
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- 2022
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10. Globalization of Higher Education in Senegal
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Morris, Ashley N.
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This paper marks the changes that have taken place in the Senegalese higher education system. As Senegalese citizens and leaders have worked diligently to improve their economy and society as a whole, they have experienced a great deal of obstacles in moving forward. Throughout this process, education has been an important aspect to improving the economic and social development of the country. Included in this economic, social, and educational overhaul, higher education was a component that required a great deal of work. In order to contend in the global society, the higher education system needed to be reformed. This paper included a discussion of the reformation process of Senegal's higher education from the French model at the heart of its inception to the adoption of the Bologna process. This process has allowed higher education in Senegal to become better with time and grow in its success.
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- 2016
11. States, Institutions, and Literacy Rates in Early-Modern Western Europe
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Eskelson, Tyrel C.
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The purpose of the paper is to develop the theory that structural or procedural changes in institutions precede changes in education in a society. It examines the development of pre-modern institutions in Western Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries and the influences this had on growth in literacy rates within these states. Literacy rates in Western European countries during the Middle Ages were below twenty percent of the population. For most countries, literacy rates did not experience significant increases until the Enlightenment and industrialization. Two early exceptions to this broad trend were the Netherlands and England, which had achieved literacy rates above fifty percent of their populations by the mid-seventeenth century. The explanations for these divergent trends are the structural changes in formal institutions that embodied capital markets, protected private property, and overall established the initial steps in developing modern political institutions. This created incentives to invest more in schools per capita as well as incentives for a middle class to invest more in literacy and numeracy skills for a market-exchange economy that was becoming more specialized in division of labor.
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- 2021
12. Designing and Implementing Virtual Exchange -- A Collection of Case Studies
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Research-publishing.net (France), Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, and Research-publishing.net (France)
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Virtual exchange is gaining popularity in formal and non-formal education, partly as a means to internationalise the curriculum, and also to offer more sustainable and inclusive international and intercultural experiences to young people around the world. This volume brings together 19 case studies (17 in higher education and two in youth work) of virtual exchange projects in Europe and the South Mediterranean region. They span across a range of disciplines, from STEM to business, tourism, and languages, and are presented as real-life pedagogical practices that can be of interest to educators looking for ideas and inspiration. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
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- 2020
13. Towards a European Model of Collective Skill Formation? Analysing the European Alliance for Apprenticeships
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Graf, Lukas and Marques, Marcelo
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While the literature in skill formation systems has paid considerable attention to inter-variation between types of national skill formation systems and intra-variation among individual types as in the case of collective skill formation systems, less is known about the role of the European Union in establishing a European model of skill formation. Building on studies in educational governance and decentralised cooperation, this paper analyses the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA) and explores its relationship to national skill formation systems. We analyse the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation and offer case studies of Ireland and France to understand how this European model relates to these two contrasting skill formation systems. Through deductive qualitative content analysis of official documents, we show that: (1) the EAfA, in resembling characteristics of national collective skill formation systems, promotes the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation; and (2) that Ireland and France show signs of moving further towards adopting elements of a collectivist training model centred on apprenticeship training although mediated by path-dependencies of a liberal (Ireland) and statist (France) skill formation model.
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- 2023
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14. Problematic Internet Uses and Depression in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
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Lozano-Blasco, Raquel and Cortés-Pascual, Alejandra
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Widespread use of the Internet in 21st century society is not risk-free. This paper studies the comorbidity of some problematic uses of Internet with depression in order to assess their correlation. With that aim, a meta-analysis of 19 samples obtained from 13 different studies (n=33,458) was carried out. The subjects of these studies are adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years ([mu]=15.68) from different cultures and continents (Europe, Euro-Asia, America and Asia). The effect size obtained from the use of a random-effects model (r=0.3, p<0.000) is significant, moderate and positive, thus confirming the relation between pathologic uses of the Internet and depression. Moreover, meta-regression test results showed that 9% of the variance (R2=0.09) is associated with the male gender, while age and culture are not significant variables. The variability rate of the studies is high (I2=87.085%), as a consequence of heterogeneity rather than publication bias, as Egger's regression test shows (1-tailed p-value=0.25; 2-tailed p-value=0.50, and [sigma]=1.57). Therefore, the need for specific interventions in secondary education dealing with this issue is evident to ensure that it does not extend into adult life.
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- 2020
15. Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens. BCES Conference Books, Volume 12
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, Ermenc, Klara Skubic, Hilton, Gillian,, Ogunleye, James, Chigisheva, Oksana, Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, Ermenc, Klara Skubic, Hilton, Gillian,, Ogunleye, James, Chigisheva, Oksana, and Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES)
- Abstract
This volume contains papers submitted to the 12th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), held in Sofia and Nessebar, Bulgaria, in June 2014, and papers submitted to the 2nd International Partner Conference, organized by the International Research Centre 'Scientific Cooperation,' Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The volume also includes papers submitted to the International Symposium on Comparative Sciences, organized by the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society in Sofia, in October 2013. The 12th BCES Conference theme is "Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens." The 2nd Partner Conference theme is "Contemporary Science and Education: New Challenges -- New Decisions." The book consists of 103 papers, written by 167 authors and co-authors, and grouped into 7 parts. Parts 1-4 comprise papers submitted to the 12th BCES Conference, and Parts 5-7 comprise papers submitted to the 2nd Partner Conference. The 103 papers are divided into the following parts: (1) Comparative Education & History of Education; (2) Pre-service and In-service Teacher Training & Learning and Teaching Styles; (3) Education Policy, Reforms and School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion; (5) Educational Development Strategies in Different Countries and Regions of the World: National, Regional and Global Levels; (6) Key Directions and Characteristics of Research Organization in Contemporary World; and (7) International Scientific and Educational Cooperation for the Solution of Contemporary Global Issues: From Global Competition to World Integration.
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- 2014
16. Mathematics Education as a Multicultural Field of Research and Practice: Outcomes and Challenges
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Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia and Artigue, Michèle
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Mathematics education seen both as a field of research and as a field of practice is a multicultural field. For a while, this essential characteristic of the field has been underestimated but this is no longer the case. Both theoretical frameworks and empirical research help us today better approach this phenomenon, understand its impact on the field, reflect on research outcomes and the value of knowledge progressively built as well as on the challenges that we globally face as a community. In this lecture I would like to share with the audience my vision of this evolution and of the potential it offers for the field of mathematics education, relying on my personal experience as a researcher raised in a specific culture but also involved in many international collaborations, and on my engagement in ICMI, the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction, an institution which, for more than one century, has tried to contribute to the development of mathematics education through international exchanges and collaboration.
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- 2012
17. A Landscape of Open Science Policies Research
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Manco, Alejandra
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This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in the different studies. The main findings are that the approach given to open science has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional, and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the works in the English language, while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relationship between open science policies and the science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring into it.
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- 2022
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18. Continuing Professional Development for Physical Education Teachers in Europe
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Tannehill, Deborah, Demirhan, Giyasettin, Caplová, Petra, and Avsar, Züleyha
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This paper reports on an investigation examining provision of physical education continuing professional development (CPD) in European countries undertaken to identify the types of practices being employed. We begin by providing a brief overview of what we currently know about CPD internationally in general education and physical education. Data are reported to reflect Parker and Patton's (2017) key characteristics of CPD that highlight effective CPD, summarise current trends and issues in physical education, and are intended to serve as a guide to how teachers learn and how they might be better served in that learning in these European countries. Studying current practices in CPD provision identified in this study provided modest insight to inform teacher education programmes and CPD providers on the current status of physical education CPD currently being employed in Europe. We propose these findings might inform international and comparative education with respect to CPD and set the foundation for physical education colleagues in Europe to develop a CPD network where endeavours such as sharing of CPD practices, engaging in discussion of those practices, and the design of collaborative research on such CPD practices are based.
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- 2021
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19. Supply-Side Antecedents of Dropout Rates in MBA Programs
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Iglesias, Víctor, Entrialgo, Montserrat, and Müller, Frank
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The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical examination of the supply-side factors influencing dropout rates in MBA programs. We analyze the extent to which the resources and characteristics of the program (content, teaching methodology, course load, class size, partnerships, reputation) influence these rates. A GLM analysis was conducted on data obtained from a final sample of 94 executive MBA programs in Western Europe. The results indicate that several supply side factors significantly affect dropout: intensity of case study learning, number of credits per month, class size, and proportion of lessons given at partner institutions. Several implications for the design and management of higher education programs have been drawn from this research.
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- 2020
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20. COVID-19 and Risks for Disadvantaged Students: A Media Coverage Analysis from a Cultural Psychology Perspective
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Espinosa Castro, Tatiana
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The health and social crisis caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had an especially strong impact on the academic prospects of the most vulnerable populations in society. This paper focuses on the consequences of the current crisis in terms of their potential to negatively impact school disengagement and early school-leaving rates. First, the author reviews the causes of early school leaving, divided into exogenous and endogenous factors. Second, the key findings of a media coverage analysis are presented. This analysis focuses on key educational aspects and consequences related to the COVID-19 crisis and the potential impact on disengagement, early school leaving and educational inequality gaps. Lastly, in the light of those consequences, a sociocultural model of behaviour is suggested as a useful lens to envision solutions.
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- 2020
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21. Interreligious Education and the Contemporary School: Contexts, Challenges and Theologies: An Irish Perspective
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Coll, Niall
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A strong current in contemporary Catholic thought -- the theology of interreligious or interfaith dialogue -- stresses the importance of dialogue and collaboration with followers of other world faiths. This article proposes that religious education in Catholic schools, particularly at post-primary level, needs to engage more with this theological resource in order to promote mutual understanding and collaboration in today's climate of growing cultural and religious pluralism in Western Europe. Such work, it is also argued, is particularly challenging and urgent given the reality of the limited and limiting approaches to religious education, especially in regards to Islam, currently found in state schools in England and France. The paper proposes the development of models of religious education predicated on valuable theological insights inherent in the teaching of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) and subsequent post-conciliar and theological reflection. It begins with some comments on Western Europe's changing social, cultural and religious circumstances.
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- 2019
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22. Migrants and Language Learning in Russia (Late Seventeenth--First Part of Eighteenth Century)
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Rjeoutski, Vladislav
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In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Russia experienced a considerable lack of teachers. In this situation, foreign migrants became Russia's preferred teachers for more than a century. Foreigners were particularly welcome to teach languages and a whole range of other subjects such as history, geography, and mathematics. All teaching was done in a foreign language. Foreigners became important actors in cultural transfers from Western Europe to Russia. Social elites (the nobility, particularly its upper strata) became the main clients of these foreign teachers. This process ended up producing several generations of aristocracy possessing a sort of hybrid culture, both Russian and Western-European with a particular predominance of French culture starting from the generation of the middle of the eighteenth century. In my paper I will first analyse the national composition of the teaching staff in some major Russian educational institutions, first and foremost the institutions for the nobility or in which noble students were present, and in private education; then I will give a brief overview of the geographical origin of the students in these institutions. I will finally analyse the positive aspects as well as the problems caused by this situation and will show what reactions the predominance of foreign teaching staff in Russia provoked in Russian society.
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- 2018
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23. The Integration of Migrant Children Into Pre-School Education.
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Council for Cultural Cooperation, Strasbourg (France). Committee for General and Technical Education.
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This working paper was prepared by the Council of Europe Programme Adviser for Pre-School Education for a symposium on "the integration of migrant children into pre-school education". The symposium aimed to identify and suggest appropriate pedagogical measures which should be taken to facilitate and improve the integration of migrant children into preschool education. The activities of the council of Europe in this area during 1970 to 1974 are discussed as well as four case studies on aspects of the compensatory role of preschool education. In addition, there are sections on preschool education in the Netherlands, France, Sweden and The Federal Republic of Germany. These sections include information on the way preschool education operates, general trends in the respective countries, and government policy, focusing particularly on the problem of migrant children. The paper concludes with an outline of the main problem areas to be discussed at the symposium. (MS)
- Published
- 1977
24. Databases and Networking for Development. The Organization of Information in Europe in the Field of Policy and Planning for Developing Countries.
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Lindsay, John
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This work suggests that better organization of existing sources of information available in Europe and better application of these sources to training can result in improved understanding of how information systems work, and it provides an annotated list of some of these sources. The guide opens with an introduction to public policy and urban planning in the context of developing countries, and explains that because this subject area is so focused and interdisciplinary it is difficult to locate information in a consistent manner; thus, the information needs of the people living in urban areas of developing countries are little known or catered to. Definitions for the field are explored, and the prospective users of information networks within this field are identified, e.g., academics and researchers, funding agencies, students in Europe, consultants, and planners in the third world. Subsequent sections of the guide describe the types of materials included as reference sources (e.g., people, grey literature, and geospatial databases), and then list the resources by international organization or geographic location (United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Germany, France, Italy, Eastern Europe and the Benelux countries) from which the resources originate. An appendix presents a prototype information network. (SD)
- Published
- 1985
25. Goals and Purposes of Higher Education in the 21st Century. Higher Education Policy Series 32.
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Burgen, Arnold
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In 14 papers by various authors this volume contains both assessments of specific higher education systems and analyses of cross-national trends. Following an introduction, the chapters are: "From Humboldt to 1984--Where are We Now?" (Stig Stromholm and others); "Creation, Transfer and Application of Knowledge Through the Higher Education System" (Henk J. van der Molen); "Continuities and Change in American Higher Education" (Martin Trow); "Unified and Binary Systems in Higher Education in Europe" (Peter Scott); "Who is Going to Study?" (Staffan Helmfrid); "Distance Systems in Europe" (Walter Perry); "Education and Work in an Ageing Population" (Karl-Ulrich Mayer); "Higher Education and New Socio-Economic Challenges in Europe" (Ulrich Teichler); "New Perspectives on Learning and Teaching in Higher Education" (Erik de Corte); "The French University System: Assessment and Outlook" (Daniel Bloch); "Inspiration of the Muse or Management of the Art? Issues in Training for Academic Posts and Teaching in France" (Guy Neave); "University Autonomy and the Search for Quality" (Juan M. Rojo); "Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe: An Approach to Comparative Analysis" (Wolfgang Mitter); and "Higher Education in Japan" (Ulrich Teichler). Also includes information on the contributors and both subject and author indexes. Many chapters contain extensive references. (JB)
- Published
- 1996
26. Self-Concept and Academic Achievement of Central and Western European Groups of Adolescents.
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Kobal-Palcic, Darja and Musek, Janek
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This study examined the hypothesis that academic achievement affects different components of self-concept. Also investigated was the possible influence of nationality in modifying the relationship between academic achievement and self-concept, by comparing Slovenian and French subjects. The findings of two-factor (academic achievement x nationality) analyses of variance and discriminant analyses showed significant correlations between academic achievement and various indices of self-concept, which varied in a nationality-dependent fashion. The French subjects exceeded Slovenians in some domains of self-concept (i.e., verbal, academic, relations with same sex peers, relations with parents, religion and spirituality, and general self-concept) while Slovenian subjects exceeded French subjects in the domain of problem solving and creativity. There was no significant difference between the two national samples in self-esteem. Also, the French subjects exceeded Slovenian pupils in general academic achievement. The results were interpreted on the grounds of theoretical expectations related to the formation of self-concept and academic achievement, as well as on the basis of national differences in the school system and personality structure. The study concluded that national differences in self-concept domains are also related with auto- and hetero-stereotypes about French, British, and Slovenian people. (Author)
- Published
- 1998
27. Economic Restructuring and Emerging Patterns of Industrial Relations.
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Upjohn (W.E.) Inst. for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI., Sleigh, Stephen R., Sleigh, Stephen R., and Upjohn (W.E.) Inst. for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI.
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This book contains nine papers presented during a year-long series of seminars and a conference that analyzed the relationship between economic restructuring and industrial relations involving the joint academics, union leaders, government officials, business executives, and graduate fellows. These analyses include case studies from Western Europe, as well as detailed examination of U.S. examples, particularly state-level efforts from Michigan, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. The analyses emphasize the role of industrial relations in these processes. An "Introduction" (Stephen Sleigh) summarizes the case studies and analyses and provides an executive summary of the key conclusions that follow from the papers. The nine papers are as follows: "Economic Development and Industrial Relations in a Small-Firm Economy: The Experience of Metalworkers in Emilia-Romagna, Italy" (Bruce Herman); "Managing Local Development: Lessons from Spain" (Michael Barzelay); "Worker Democracy in Socialist France" (Bernard Brown); "International Competition and the Organization of Production: The Study Action Team Process at Trico Products" (Peter Lazes); "Collaborative Restructuring Efforts: Textile and Apparel Labor-Management Innovation Network, Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania" (Robert Coy et al.); "Labor and Industrial Relations Strategies in the State of Michigan" (Michael Schippani); "Applying Skills-Based Automation through Participatory Management: The Center for Applied Technology" (Frank Emspak); "Can the End of the Social Democratic Trade Unions Be the Beginning of a New Kind of Social Democratic Politics?" (Charles Sabel); and "Training and the New Industrial Relations: A Strategic Role for Unions" (Wolfgang Streeck). Appendixes include lists of the Seminar Advisory Board and seminar presenters, a 360-item bibliography, and an index. (YLB)
- Published
- 1993
28. How Can Curriculum History Benefit from Sociolinguistics? The Importance of Language Controversy in the Making of Citizens in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Europe
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Gardin, Matias and Gritter, Kris
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Based on small case-study illustrations from a variety of European countries, this study aims to explore methodological aspects of the study of curriculum history by expanding its traditional research scope. In so doing, it is argued that sociolinguistic issues are essential to this discussion. The main argument is that sociolinguistics and curriculum history are more closely intertwined than has been proposed by previous academic literature. Under the examination are often two sides of the same coin which are viewed from different, albeit closely related, research angles. In effect, the curriculum's contextualisation is also structured and modified by sociolinguistic considerations. In the conclusion, it is maintained that citizenship education--understood here as the historical manifestation of the dominant cultural expectations towards the citizens as the bearers of a particular nation state during a specific timeframe--should be better informed by sociolinguistic literature, and by that, also placed against those language controversies that surround the curriculum. On this basis, by adding value to the study of the curriculum as part of educational history--and by blurring unnecessary academic boundaries--this paper provides interdisciplinary insights into the study of curriculum history vis-à-vis sociolinguistics, which have so far remained too separated.
- Published
- 2016
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29. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1895. In Five Volumes. Volume V -- In Two Parts. Part 1 [Report of the Commissioner of Education]
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Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
This is the Report of the Commissioner of Education, part of the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1895. The Bureau of Education report is contained within volume five, which is in two parts. Part one contains: (1) The Commissioner of Education's Introduction; (2) Statistics of State Common-School Systems; (3) City School Systems; (4) Statistical Review of Secondary Schools; (5) Statistical Review of Normal Schools; (6) Statistical Review of Higher Education; (7) Statistical Review of Professional Schools; (8) The Educational Systems of England and Scotland, with Statistics for 1893-94; (9) Manitoba School Case; (10) Education in France; (11) Public Education in Belgium; (12) Education in Central Europe; (13) Education in the Netherlands; (14) Education in Italy; (15) Report of the Loyal Commission on Secondary Education; (16) Papers Accompanying the Report of the Loyal Commission on Secondary Education; (17) Higher Education in Russian, Austrian, and Prussian Poland; (18) Art education in the public schools; (19) Facilities for the University Education of Women in England; (20) Educational Status of Women in Different Countries; (21) Chautauqua: A Social and Educational Study; (22) Pensions for Teachers; (23) Coeducation--Compulsory Attendance--American Students in Foreign Universities--Continuation and Industrial Schools; and (24) Educational Directory. [For the first part of the Commissioner of Education's 1894-95 report, see "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1894-95. Volume 2. Containing Parts II and III" (ED622083).]
- Published
- 1896
30. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1892-93. Volume 1. Containing Parts I and II
- Author
-
Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
This is Volume 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1892-93, containing Parts I and II. This volume begins with the Commissioner of Education's Introduction. Part I covers the topics: (1) Statistical Summaries; (2) Illiteracy in the United States; (3) System of Public Education in Belgium; (4) Elementary Education in Great Britain; (5) Education in France; (6) Education in Ontario, New Zealand, and India; (7) Recent Developments in the Teaching of Geography in Central Europe; (8) The Common School System of Bavaria; (9) Education in Uruguay; (10) Child Study; (11) Bibliography of Herbartianism; and (12) Name Register. Part II, Education and the World's Columbian Exposition, covers the topics: (1) Programme of the International Congress of Education and Addresses of Welcome; (2) American Views and Comments on the Educational Exhibits; (3) German Criticism on American Education and the Educational Exhibits; (4) French Views upon American Education and the Educational Exhibits; (5) Medical Instruction in the United States as presented by French Specialists; (6) Notes and Observations on American Education and the Educational Exhibits, by Italian, Swedish, Danish, and Russian Delegates; (7) American Technological Schools; (8) Higher Education of Women in Russia; (9) Papers Prepared for the World's Library Congress; and (10) Notes on Education at the Columbian Exposition. [For "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1892-93. Volume 2. Containing Parts III and IV," see ED622070.]
- Published
- 1895
31. Towards a General Model of Quality Assessment in Higher Education.
- Author
-
Van Vught, Frans A. and Westerheijden, Don. F.
- Abstract
A model of quality assessment for higher education that incorporates both accountability (representing extrinsic values) and peer-review/collegiality (reflecting intrinsic values) is outlined. It is presented in both a historical context and the context of experiences with quality assessment in North America and Western Europe. (Author/MSE)
- Published
- 1994
32. Systems of Organization and Allocation of National Resources for Scientific Research: Some International Comparisons and Conclusions for New Market Economies.
- Author
-
Weiss, Charles and Passman, Sidney
- Abstract
Reviews science and technology policymaking in five countries with free-market economies: the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Implications for eastern European and other countries currently reorganizing toward domestic market economies and greater orientation toward world trade are discussed. (61 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1991
33. External Reform versus Internal Continuity: Some Perspectives on the Links Between Secondary and Higher Education in Certain Western European Countries.
- Author
-
Neave, Guy
- Abstract
The dynamic of articulation between higher education and secondary education in England and Wales, the Netherlands, France, West Germany, and Sweden is examined from historical and administrative perspectives. (MSE)
- Published
- 1987
34. Working to improve the management of sarcoma patients across Europe: a policy checklist.
- Author
-
Kasper, Bernd, Lecointe-Artzner, Estelle, Wait, Suzanne, Boldon, Shannon, Wilson, Roger, Gronchi, Alessandro, Valverde, Claudia, Eriksson, Mikael, Dumont, Sarah, Drove, Nora, Kanli, Athanasia, and Wartenberg, Markus
- Subjects
SARCOMA ,CANCER treatment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL quality control ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL care laws ,MEDICAL care standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: The Sarcoma Policy Checklist was created by a multidisciplinary expert group to provide policymakers with priority areas to improve care for sarcoma patients.Main Body: This paper draws on this research, by looking more closely at how France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are addressing each of these priority areas. It aims to highlight key gaps in research, policy and practice, as well as ongoing initiatives that may impact the future care of sarcoma patients in different European countries. A pragmatic review of the published and web-based literature was undertaken. Telephone interviews were conducted in each country with clinical and patient experts to substantiate findings. Research findings were discussed within the expert group and developed into five core policy recommendations. The five identified priority areas were: the development of designated and accredited centres of reference; more professional training; multidisciplinary care; greater incentives for research and innovation; and more rapid access to effective treatments. Most of the countries studied have ongoing initiatives addressing many of these priorities; however, many are in early stages of development, or require additional funding and resources.Conclusion: Gaps in access to quality care are particularly concerning in many of Europe's lower-resourced countries. Equitable access to information, clinical trials, innovative treatments and quality specialist care should be available to all sarcoma patients. Achieving this across Europe will require close collaboration between all stakeholders at both the national and European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Energy recovery on the agenda. Waste heat: a matter of public policy and social science concern.
- Author
-
Fontaine, Antoine and Rocher, Laurence
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY sciences ,WASTE heat ,HEAT recovery ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,REFUSE as fuel - Abstract
Waste heat from industry or urban facilities represents a largely underused and long disregarded energy source, while heating and cooling count for half the final energy demand in Europe. From the early 2010s onwards, waste heat recovery (WHR) is being recognized as a key challenge for energy transition and tends to be integrated into energy strategies at different levels. This paper provides an analysis of how WHR became a matter of public policy in Europe and in France. Based on a literature review, the analysis shows that WHR has been framed as a techno-economic problem, while some barriers (legal, organizational) to its development remain largely unaddressed. A study of European and French energy agendas illustrates how WHR progressively started to be recognized as an energy resource next to renewables. As a result, questions are raised as to further social science contributions to an extended research agenda addressing WHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Discourse and Strategic Use of the Military in France and Europe in the COVID‐19 Crisis.
- Author
-
Opillard, Florian, Palle, Angélique, and Michelis, Léa
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,CRISIS management ,COVID-19 ,ENVIRONMENTAL disasters ,DISCOURSE ,ARMIES ,TELEPHONE calls - Abstract
In March 2020, the French President called to war against the COVID‐19 which was followed by the launch of a military operation called Operation Resilience. This use of martial rhetoric initiated an effective mobilisation consisting in logistical assistance to the health sector. While armies are increasingly used to deal with environmental disasters, aside from their traditional role, this paper postulates that the geography of the French and international military engagement can be used to analyse both the institutional strategy of crisis management and the message governments send to their population. Military involvement differs in terms of missions given and of the amount of troops mobilised. It first questions the use of the military in the name of national resilience in the political discourse and the way it displays a symbolic message to the population, before analysing the role of armies in the crisis through the spatiality of their interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Effects of a systematically offered social and preventive medicine consultation on training and health attitudes of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs): An interventional study in France.
- Author
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Robert, Sarah, Romanello, Lucile, Lesieur, Sophie, Kergoat, Virginie, Dutertre, Joël, Ibanez, Gladys, and Chauvin, Pierre
- Subjects
PREVENTIVE medicine ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,SOCIAL medicine ,YOUNG adults ,HEALTH attitudes ,SOCIAL services ,LABOR market - Abstract
Background: NEETs (young people not in employment, education or training) are at higher risk for poorer mental and physical health. In France, the Missions locales (MLs) are the only social structures dedicated to this population. We sought to determine whether the systematic offer of a social and preventive medicine consultation at a ML might increase NEET participants’ access to training in the 12 months following the intervention. Methods: This intervention research was a parallel randomised controlled interventional study conducted at five MLs in mainland France in 2011–2012. It included 976 NEETs aged 18 to 25 years who attended one of the five MLs. At inclusion, participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to three groups: those in the first group were invited to see a social worker (not studied in this paper), those in the second group were invited to see a doctor and a social worker (intervention group), and the third was a control group. The primary outcome was participation in at least one training session during the year following study inclusion. Results: Among the 976 participants, 504 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 472 to the control group; 704 (72.1%) were included in the analyses. A significantly higher proportion of the participants in the intervention group participated in a training session in the 12 months following the intervention than of those in the control group (63.3% vs 55.6%; p = 0.04). This difference was significantly greater for women, those less than 21 years of age, those unstably housed and those with a lower level of education. Conclusions: Social and preventive medicine consultations that are fully integrated into the social services for NEETs have an impact on their access to training and contribute to changing some of their health-related behaviours. This may improve their access to the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Colonial Legacy of Peace(building): France, Europe, Africa.
- Author
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Charbonneau, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
IMPERIALISM , *PEACEBUILDING - Abstract
What is the colonial legacy of peace(building) and what can it tell us about the practice and discourse of peacebuilding? This paper examines peacebuilding's colonial legacy, the politics of its theorization or non-theorization, and its effects on the prospect for building peace in so-called post-conflict African settings. It inquires into the relevance of colonial legacies and anti-colonial strategies to the contemporary discourse and practice of peacebuilding. The main objective is to problematize this legacy because in the contemporary peacebuilding scholarship the colonial legacy is often rejected a priori as totally irrelevant or it is simply assumed, thus leading to questionable comparisons between colonial violence and current peace operations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
39. European influence on diversity policy frames: paradoxical outcomes of Lyon's membership of the Intercultural Cities programme.
- Author
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Downing, Joseph
- Subjects
MINORITIES ,MULTICULTURALISM ,MEMBERSHIP -- Social aspects ,PUBLIC institutions -- Social aspects ,CULTURAL relations ,FRAMES (Social sciences) ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TWENTY-first century ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This paper examines the formulation of policy frames towards new minorities in France by analysing Lyon's membership of the European Commission's and Council of Europe's Intercultural Cities programme (ICP). Here, with culture accounting for 20% of Lyon's budget, emphasis is placed on the adoption of the Charte de Coopération Culturelle to use cultural institutions to implement difference-orientated policies. Critically, important issues emerge with this strategy. The effort to engage new minorities is hampered by significant apathy from cultural institutions in Lyon, and the limited geographical area of Lyon included in the ICP. Finally, institutions who engage with promoting interculturality co-opt existing organizations, with negative implications for the treatment of diversity in the city. This illustrates the problems with a European framework fostering a policy frame based on recognition for minorities in a context that has yet to fully embrace such policies at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Development and Orientation of European and French Employment Policies as a Vector of Transformation of the Welfare State.
- Author
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Zunigo, Xavier
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT policy ,WELFARE state ,WELFARE economics - Abstract
The paper presents the development and the political orientations of both European employment policy and its French counterpart. In particular, the examples of Emploi Jeune and the 35-hour work week will be used to illustrate the relationship between national and European policy. It would be inaccurate to conceive of the European Employment Policy as a concrete set of laws. The guidelines are so broad, that they permit a wide range of employment policies. This is due to the fact that the European Employment Policy was the result of lengthy debates between countries with different political orientations and is, at its base, a compromise. Thus the European Employment Policy has the greatest effect on a symbolic level by imposing its categories and terms upon Member States. Much like European economic policy in general, it determines the legitimate form of intervention in the labor market, which is today heavily influenced by liberal economic ideology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
41. The first archaeobotanical evidence of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) in late 12th-mid 13th century a.d. France.
- Author
-
Hallavant, Charlotte and Ruas, Marie-Pierre
- Subjects
AMARANTHACEAE ,SPINACH ,PLANT remains (Archaeology) - Abstract
Macroscopic charred remains of Spinacia oleracea L. (Amaranthaceae) have been found in the Pyrenean village of Montaillou, France, in several contexts of a house dated to the end 12th-mid 13th century a.d. This is the first archaeobotanical record of this vegetable in France and the earliest European archaeobotanical material so far found. The paper presents the morphological criteria used for identifying the charred remains of the species. After a review of archaeobotanical finds in Europe, hypotheses on the economic status of this vegetable, which is unknown as a wild plant in Europe, are discussed with reference to medieval written and illuminated sources and to archaeological deposits. It appears that Spinacia was first introduced into France from Moorish Spain where it was cultivated at least since the 11th century. The French evidence of Spinacia thus represents a milestone in the history and geographic diffusion of this vegetable into temperate Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Education is a key determinant of health in Europe: a comparative analysis of 11 countries.
- Author
-
Albert, Cecilia and Davia, María A.
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,STATISTICAL correlation ,HEALTH promotion ,HEALTH status indicators ,INCOME ,HEALTH policy ,PANEL analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SELF-evaluation ,SEX distribution ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
This paper has contributed to confirming the link between education and health in developed countries. The analysis is based on 11 European Union countries. We estimate country-specific health functions, where the dependent variable is self-reported health status and the education attainment is one of the main inputs. All eight waves (1994–2001) of the European Community Household Panel are deployed. A random effects ordered probit is estimated in order to control, to a given extent, for unobserved heterogeneity. Explanatory variables are both time invariant (education attainment and gender) and time varying (gross wages, hours of work, age and living alone). Results confirm the positive impact of secondary education on health in most cases and tertiary education in all cases, even after controlling for other inputs in the health function and taking unobserved heterogeneity into account. Secondary education has an impact on health in all countries in the sample except for The Netherlands and UK. The effect does not differ between secondary and tertiary education in France, Ireland and Greece. The correlation between education and health is interpreted in different but complementary ways by diverse approaches and we may not disentangle the precise mechanism that connects health with education from our results. Anyway, it seems clear that better coordination is needed between education and health policies to effectively improve health literacy. Other relevant results from our study are that women register poorer health than men, age contributes to worsening health status and wages contribute positively to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. REGIONS IN FRANCE AND EUROPE: SOME HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON AN INTERMEDIATE LEVEL OF BELONGING.
- Author
-
Schippers, Thomas K.
- Subjects
REGIONALISM ,IDENTITY politics ,POLITICAL attitudes ,CULTURAL identity ,NATION building ,DECENTRALIZATION in government - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis is the property of Klaipeda University, Institute of Baltic Region History & Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
44. REGIONS IN FRANCE AND EUROPE: SOME HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON AN INTERMEDIATE LEVEL OF BELONGING.
- Author
-
Schippers, Thomas K.
- Subjects
REGIONALISM ,DECENTRALIZATION in government ,ADMINISTRATIVE & political divisions ,CENTRAL-local government relations ,FRENCH politics & government, 1789- ,SOCIAL conditions in France, 1995- - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis is the property of Klaipeda University, Institute of Baltic Region History & Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
45. The concept of Europe in Le Monde's editorials: Tensions in the construction of a European identity.
- Author
-
Le, Elisabeth
- Subjects
NATIONAL character ,CRITICAL discourse analysis ,DISCOURSE analysis ,EDITORIALS - Abstract
The enlargement of the European Union places it at an important threshold in its development. Fundamental questions on its nature and functions have to be discussed and agreed upon by its members. France, as one of these members, has repeatedly shown concern about the reform of the Union's institutions. The French elite daily, Le Monde, reflects this important debate in its news coverage, and ties in its own position, particularly through its editorials. This paper examines the concept of Europe as it is presented in Le Monde's editorial discourse from 1999 to 2001. The study is conducted in the constructivist approach and within the methodological framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. This perspective adds to other studies on European identity by strengthening the background of their argumentation, integrating their sometimes apparently contradictory conclusions, and describing the construction of identity from a national perspective in a more detailed and nuanced manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
46. Sex workers on the frontline: An abridged version of the original ICRSE report: 'The role of sex worker rights groups in providing support during the COVID-19 crisis in Europe'.
- Author
-
Fedorkó, Boglárka, Stevenson, Luca, and Macioti, P. G.
- Subjects
SAFETY ,SOCIAL support ,SEX work ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HEALTH ,CIVIL rights ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Sex workers in Europe have been dramatically impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated measures. Ignored by most governments, excluded from social and economic measures put in place to protect other workers, sex workers were left to fend for themselves. The article, an abridged version of a previous report by the ICRSE, illustrates the impact of COVID-19 on sex workers by focusing on how the pandemic affected the socio-economic, health and safety conditions of sex worker communities and how they pro-actively responded to the first waves of the crisis in 2020. Based on data gathered through community research, the authors outline the specific ways in which sex workers living under different sex work legal regimes were hit by the crisis. Crucially, in countries such as France, Sweden and Ireland, where an 'End Demand' legislation is in place to supposedly 'rescue sex workers', these did not benefit from any state support. The article suggests that sex worker community organisations helped limit the spread of the virus through peer support and peer education, protecting not only sex workers' health, but society at large and showing similarities to the role of chaperones of public health sex workers had during the AIDS crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination.
- Author
-
Pawaskar, Manjiri, Méroc, Estelle, Samant, Salome, Flem, Elmira, Bencina, Goran, Riera-Montes, Margarita, and Heininger, Ulrich
- Subjects
CHICKENPOX ,BURDEN of care ,STOCHASTIC models - Abstract
Background: Though the disease burden of varicella in Europe has been reported previously, the economic burden is still unknown. This study estimated the economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) in 2018 Euros from both payer (direct costs) and societal (direct and indirect costs) perspectives.Methods: We estimated the country specific and overall annual costs of varicella in absence of UVV in 31 European countries (27 EU countries, plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). To obtain country specific unit costs and associated healthcare utilization, we conducted a systematic literature review, searching in PubMed, EMBASE, NEED, DARE, REPEC, Open Grey, and public heath websites (1/1/1999-10/15/2019). The number of annual varicella cases, deaths, outpatient visits and hospitalizations were calculated (without UVV) based on age-specific incidence rates (Riera-Montes et al. 2017) and 2018 population data by country. Unit cost per varicella case and disease burden data were combined using stochastic modeling to estimate 2018 costs stratified by country, age and healthcare resource.Results: Overall annual total costs associated with varicella were estimated to be €662,592,061 (Range: €309,552,363 to €1,015,631,760) in Europe in absence of UVV. Direct and indirect costs were estimated at €229,076,206 (Range €144,809,557 to €313,342,856) and €433,515,855 (Range €164,742,806 to €702,288,904), respectively. Total cost per case was €121.45 (direct: €41.99; indirect: €79.46). Almost half of the costs were attributed to cases in children under 5 years, owing mainly to caregiver work loss. The distribution of costs by healthcare resource was similar across countries. France and Germany accounted for 49.28% of total annual costs, most likely due to a combination of high numbers of cases and unit costs in these countries.Conclusions: The economic burden of varicella across Europe in the absence of UVV is substantial (over 600 M€), primarily driven by caregiver burden including work productivity losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. WELFARE STATE AS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL FACTORS DRIVING POST-WAR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS.
- Author
-
KATUNINEC, Milan and DIENER, Lenka
- Subjects
WELFARE state ,EUROPEAN integration ,WORLD War II ,DEPRESSIONS (Economics) ,WEIMAR Republic, 1918-1933 ,WESTERN countries - Abstract
The modern welfare state, as it is understood today, has become a topical issue in many Western European countries, especially after the worldwide economic depression of the 1930s and World War II, the most destructive armed conflict in the history of humanity. The presented study offers several perspectives on the welfare state model in the Western European environment at the beginning of the process of European integration. Although after the war, influential Western European politicians have accepted the importance of the welfare state, there is no single welfare state model in Europe. The study has no ambition to provide a detailed analysis of social models in Europe. It deals with several models of the welfare state, paying particular attention to Germany and France, whose relations became the engine of the integration process in Europe, which was, from the start, both a political and an economic project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Digital systemic practices in Europe: a survey before the Covid‐19 pandemic.
- Author
-
Borcsa, Maria, Pomini, Valeria, and Saint‐Mont, Uwe
- Subjects
INFORMATION & communication technologies ,FAMILY psychotherapy ,PATIENT-professional relations ,COMPUTERS in medicine ,PROFESSIONAL ethics ,THERAPEUTICS ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,DIGITAL technology ,COUPLES therapy ,CLINICAL supervision in mental health ,PSYCHOTHERAPIST attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Family Therapy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over.
- Author
-
Souza, Dyego L. B., Oliveras-Fabregas, Albert, Minobes-Molina, Eduard, de Camargo Cancela, Marianna, Galbany-Estragués, Paola, and Jerez-Roig, Javier
- Subjects
COMORBIDITY ,NON-communicable diseases ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH of older people ,DISEASES in older people ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: The objective of this work was to analyse the prevalence trends of multimorbidity among European community-dwelling adults.Methods: A temporal series study based on waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, and community-dwelling participants aged 50+ (n = 274,614) from 15 European countries were selected for the period 2004-2017. Prevalence, adjusted by age, Average Annual Percentage Change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were all calculated. Trend analyses were realised by period, age groups and groups of diseases.Results: The results showed a large variability in the prevalence of multimorbidity in adults aged 50 and over among European countries. Increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity in the countries of central Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany and Switzerland) and Spain in both sexes, and in the Netherlands among men. Stability was observed in northern and eastern European countries. Musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative groups showed more significant changes in the trend analyses.Conclusions: This information can be useful for policy makers when planning health promotion and prevention policies addressing modifiable risk factors in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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