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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a lifestyle training package that consisted of a 60‐ to 90‐min session of group training, educational booklet and text messages on physical activity and nutritional status in obese and overweight pregnant women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 140 obese or overweight women (gestational age: 16–20 weeks) covered by health centres in Tehran, Iran, were equally randomized into two parallel groups using block randomization and stratified by the body mass index. Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and fourth and eighth weeks after intervention. Participants were 38 obese and 102 overweight women who were later followed‐up. Results: After the intervention, the mean weekly intake of the vegetable and fruit subgroups was significantly higher; and intake of fats and oils and the confections subgroups were significantly lower in the intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Although physical activity was higher in the intervention group, 8 weeks after the intervention, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The training package appears to offer a suitable strategy for adjusting the intake of the recommended food subgroups in obese and overweight pregnant women. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Many studies have demonstrated the positive correlation between women's obesity and overweight and the increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.Obese and overweight pregnant women require specific planning to regulate their gestational weight gain and improve their nutritional quality. What this paper adds? The lifestyle training package consisted of a 60‐ to 90‐min session of group training, educational booklet and text messages. The package significantly improved the intake of the vegetable and fruit subgroups and significantly decreased the intake of the fats and oils and confections subgroups in obese and overweight pregnant women. The implications of this paper: Appropriate and simple training packages about proper nutrition and physical activity should be provided to obese and overweight pregnant women to decease pregnancy complications and enhance their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigated the effectiveness of an instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention delivered by nurses on cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Methods: In this nonrandomized concurrent controlled trial conducted from March 2013 to September 2013, 164 eligible employees in two companies were assigned to the intervention (n = 83) and control (n = 81) groups based on their worksites. Only participants were blinded to group assignment. All participants received two education sessions during 1 month, and the intervention group also received an instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention for 5 months. The primary outcome was the Framingham Risk Score, and the data were collected at the first month and the sixth month. Results: The final analysis included 80 participants in the intervention group and 76 in the control group. After the intervention, significant intervention effects were found for the mean value and the changes of the Framingham Risk Score and the proportion of participants who improved their diet and exercise (P < 0.05). There were trends for improvement in the proportion of smoking and levels of stress, but statistically significant levels (P > 0.05) were not met. Conclusion: An instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention can reduce cardiovascular disease risk in high‐risk individuals. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and causes a heavy economic burden, while lifestyle changes and stress management are modifiable and cost‐effective ways to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in high‐risk individuals.The widespread use of mobile phones facilitates the implementation of health education to improve lifestyle and is well adapted for use in the developing world.Instant messaging tools are widely used for daily and work communication because of convenience and free access. These tools have also been used to improve health knowledge and self‐management. What this paper adds? More than half of participants had unhealthy diets and insufficient exercise, which contributed to abnormal body mass index and cholesterol levels.Lifestyle‐related health education that provided tailored strategies for improving lifestyle and stress reduction, as well as timely feedback and peer support, can reduce cardiovascular disease risk in high‐risk individual.Instant messaging tools provide a cost‐effective and feasible platform for health education on prevention of cardiovascular disease. The implications of this paper: Improving unhealthy diet and levels of exercise, which can decrease the prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia, are two main aspects for prevention of cardiovascular disease that require continued focus.Using instant messaging tools as a platform to deliver health education, nurses can more easily manage high CVD risk individuals and provide guidance on healthy lifestyle. These tools should be used more widely, especially in developing countries with limited resources and heavy economic burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to compare the evolution of health risk behaviours between undergraduate nursing and social work students. Background: Nursing includes the promotion of health and the shaping of healthy behaviours. An important determinant for providing lifestyle advice is the lifestyle of nurses themselves. Design Longitudinal comparative study. Measurements We compared lifestyle risk behaviours (binge drinking, cannabis/hashish/marijuana use, smoking, oral hygiene/toothbrushing, breakfast/fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity and screen time/sedentary behaviours) using a self‐administered standardized questionnaire in nursing (n = 121) and social work (n = 140) students at the beginning (2012) and the end of their studies (2015). Adjusted multivariable logistic/Poisson regression models were performed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the departments in most risk factors in both assessments. However, in relation to their first year, both nursing and social work students displayed higher relative risk of engaging in more behavioural risk factors at the end of their studies (in delivery/junk food consumption, sunburns, hashish/marijuana use and multiple sexual partners). Social work students displayed better behaviours in physical activity and breakfast intake. Conclusion: Nursing students share the patterns of their nonnursing peers in behavioural risk factors compromising their future health and health‐promoting role. We need strategies to safeguard the professional nursing practice. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Nursing includes the promotion of health, the prevention of illness and the shaping of healthy behaviours.Nurses are in a unique position to help individuals and communities modify their health risk behaviours.An important determinant for providing lifestyle advice is the lifestyle of nurses themselves. What this paper adds? Using a longitudinal comparative study design, we recorded no major differences in behavioural health risk factors between nursing students and nonnursing peers at the beginning and the end of their studies.In relation to their first year of studies, both nursing students and nonnursing peers engaged in more health risk behaviours during their final year in delivery/junk food consumption, sunburns, hashish/marijuana use and number of sexual partners. The implications of this paper: Multiple strategies are needed to target norms regarding the scope of professional practice of nursing and advance undergraduate nursing curricula to explicitly provide the required knowledge for health promotion, lifestyle counselling and behaviour change interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to explore the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of middle‐aged Australians around their health, lifestyle risks and chronic disease. Background: Health promotion and risk reduction are important to stem the rising prevalence of chronic disease. While there has been much emphasis on supporting these strategies in older Australians, there has been less attention on those in middle age. However, as this group age, their health will inevitably be impacted by lifestyle risk. Design: A qualitative descriptive study using semi‐structured interviews. Reporting was guided by the COREQ checklist. Methods: Thirty‐four participants aged 40–65 years were recruited across South Eastern New South Wales, Australia, using convenience sampling. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted by four registered nurses with qualitative research experience. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Sixteen women and 18 men participated in the interviews. Four themes emerged, namely: adopting healthy lifestyles; denial; an impetus for change; and sustaining change. Perceptions about what constituted good health varied, with male participants being more ambivalent about their health. Impetus for change was mostly influenced by family history, awareness of health risks and identification of risks by health professionals. Participants found sustaining change challenging, particularly with regard to smoking cessation and dietary modifications. Conclusions: Understanding the perceptions of health of middle‐aged people is important and enables health professionals to engage in early behavioural change conversations that consider perceived barriers to lifestyle modification. Findings from this study emphasise the importance of discussions about lifestyle risk to reduce the future burden of chronic disease. Relevance to Clinical Practice: These findings illustrate the importance of understanding perceptions of health to guide primary health care nurses to develop person‐centred health promotion and chronic disease prevention strategies in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A person-centred health promotion model of care to improve self-care and lifestyle changes for older people with chronic illnesses is conceptualized in this paper. The model supports effective interpersonal communication with nurses and health-care consumers and is developed to concept stage. Older people with chronic illnesses who experience stress, anxiety or social isolation are more likely to be admitted and re-admitted to acute hospitals. Interventions to decrease the risk factors are frequently unsuccessful in this patient group. Programmes, led by nurses, aimed at reducing stress, anxiety and social isolation while supporting older people postdischarge from hospital might be successful. The model integrates research from synthesized case studies and a critical literature review. The practices of interrelating four key elements-'construct', 'context', 'process' and 'outcome'-are proposed for nurses to assist patients advancing self-care and lifestyle change. The model is designed for implementation in outpatient, clinic or community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To systematically examine and review relevant qualitative studies exploring the current lifestyle among individuals at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and their awareness of the role of a healthy lifestyle in CRC prevention. Background: The increasing incidence and mortality of CRC have presented a serious threat against the health and life of people. As the major population affected by CRC, the lifestyle of individuals at a high risk of CRC is attracting increasing attention. Design: A qualitative evidence synthesis using the Thomas and Harden method and the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network were used. Data Sources: Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO from the inception to December 2021. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and identified the eligible studies. Critical appraisals of each included study were performed. Thematic analysis was used to guide the data synthesis. Results: The data from nine articles were analysed. Three interpretive themes were extracted that formed an overarching synthesis of the experience with healthy lifestyles among high‐risk individuals of CRC. The findings suggested that these individuals with limited awareness of CRC and personal risks lacked sufficient knowledge about the relationship between lifestyle and CRC, and their attitudes and practices towards the role of a healthy lifestyle in CRC prevention were also diversified. Conclusion: Professionals can potentially provide personalised guidance for healthy lifestyles based on knowledge of prevention, the actual background and social support of individuals at high risk of CRC. Impact: Considering that knowledge gaps and health beliefs among these individuals are the premise blocking their adoption of a healthy lifestyle, the findings of this review may make contributions to the design and content of public health policy and prevention programs. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)–based integrated health interventions have been used for depression, but pooled efficacy remains unknown. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of TCM‐based integrated health interventions for relieving depression. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on 17 databases from inception up to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined an integrated health intervention based on TCM theory for depression were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the second version of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Results: Eighteen RCTs with a total of 1448 depressed participants were included. Health care providers, mainly nurses (14 studies), implemented TCM‐based integrated health interventions. The pooled results showed that TCM‐based integrated health interventions had larger effects on reducing depressive symptoms (15 studies; standardised mean difference = −2.05; 95% CI: −2.74, −1.37; p <.00001) compared with usual care at posttreatment but showed no significant difference contrasted to cognitive behavioural therapy (two studies, p =.31). However, the overall evidence was low. Conclusions: The meta‐analysis results indicated that TCM‐based integrated health interventions were effective in reducing depression. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the low quality of the included studies. Future RCTs with rigorous designs should be conducted to provide robust evidence of the efficacy of TCM‐based integrated health interventions in treating depression. Relevance to clinical practice: TCM‐based integrated health interventions might be a potentially effective alternative for depression. Nurses could play an important role in designing and providing TCM‐based integrated nursing interventions for patients with depression. No patient or public contribution: This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on data from previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe experiences of living with obesity before the start of a group‐based lifestyle intervention. Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that affects a person's physical and psychological health. Increased knowledge of experiences of living with obesity is required. Design: A qualitative study with a descriptive design. Methods: Semi‐structured individual interviews with 17 participants living with obesity (Body Mass Index 32–49) were conducted between October and November 2019. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist was followed. Results: The analysis resulted in one main theme: Struggling for a lighter tomorrow and three subthemes: Suffering, Resilience and Need for support in making changes. For the majority of the participants, living with obesity was a lifelong struggle involving suffering on different levels. Yet despite this, the participants had not given up and hoped for a better life. They showed a degree of resilience and motivation, and a perceived ability to achieve lifestyle changes. However, there was a pronounced need for support to help them achieve this. Conclusion: Living with obesity is complex and carries a risk of medical complications as well as psychosocial suffering. Healthy lifestyle habits to achieve better health and to lose weight should be encouraged, taking patient resources into account. Patients also need help in handling weight stigmatisation, and both healthcare professionals and society must engage with this. Relevance to clinical practice: Obesity is a chronic disease, and patients need ongoing support. Therefore, care for patients with obesity in primary health care must be further developed. Patient resources and strengths have to be acknowledged and encouraged in the process of helping them adopt healthy lifestyle habits. The findings of this study can contribute to ending weight stigmatisation by increasing the knowledge of living with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kang SW, Yoo JS. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 268-274 Health-promoting lifestyle and depression in metabolic syndrome patients in Korea This cross-sectional study assessed the association between health-promoting lifestyle and depression in metabolic syndrome patients by using a questionnaire survey in Korea. Data were collected from 195 adults (> 20 years old) with hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. The correlation coefficient (r) between health-promoting lifestyle and depression was −0.309 ( P < 0.001), and correlation between individual lifestyle dimensions and depression varied from −0.135 to −0.391. The non-depressed group had higher health-promoting lifestyle scores than the depressed group ( P = 0.003). Scores for three dimensions of the health-promoting lifestyle profile-self-actualization ( P < 0.001), interpersonal support ( P = 0.001) and stress management ( P = 0.025)-were significantly higher in the non-depressed groups. Logistic regression analysis provided an odds ratio of 2.766 ( P = 0.003) for health-promoting lifestyle between the two groups. For patients with metabolic syndrome, depression was negatively associated with health-promoting lifestyle and is an important factor affecting health-promoting behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eshah NF. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; : 27-35 Modern styles of living and the accelerated pace of life could direct people to adopt unhealthy lifestyles. Globally, literature indicates that the percentages of people who adopt healthy lifestyle behaviour (HLB) are disappointing. This study aimed to identify the level of adoption of HLB in Jordanian subjects and to compare the sociodemographic and self-reported clinical history based on the HLB adoption level. Cross-section descriptive study was conducted and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II was used to reflect subjects' adoption of HLB. Through convenience sampling 260 subjects were enrolled; 50% had excess weight, 30% were current smokers, 53% had never had their cholesterol assessed. Findings revealed that subjects were not adopting HLB regularly. Women, married, educated, young subjects and having higher income subjects had higher HLB adoption level. Health-promotion programmes are urgently needed for this community and sociodemographic variables have to be considered throughout preparation, implementation and evaluation phases of such programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abu-Moghli FA, Khalaf IA, Barghoti FF. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 35–42 The influence of a health education programme on healthy lifestyles and practices among university students This study aimed at exploring the lifestyles of university students, the relationship between specific demographical variables and health practices and the role of training in improving these practices. An experimental and a comparison group were selected using the convenient sampling method. Two 5-day training programmes on healthy lifestyles were conducted. Self-reported behaviours of both groups were assessed before and after the programme. The results reflected slightly positive health practices related to the three behavioural categories with the type of diet being the highest and physical activity being the lowest. No significant differences were reflected in relation to the selected variables. A positive influence of training on improving health behaviours of university students related to the three behavioural categories was observed. Results suggest a similar course to be included as a university elective and students' involvement in available extra curricular activities be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate health-promoting behaviour among Saudi adults in the Jazan region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Methods: Saudi adults (N = 305) completed an online survey from 23 April to 5 July 2020. The survey comprised demographic/social factors, COVID-19 pandemic-related factors and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II. Results: On average, participants reported participating in health-promoting behaviour 'sometimes'. Only years of education was associated with participation in health-promoting behaviour generally. Nutritional behaviours were positively correlated with sex, age and having a job before and/or after the pandemic and negatively correlated with the number of people in the household. Interpersonal relationships increased with age and years of education. Interpersonal relationships and stress management decreased among those who reported that the pandemic had negatively affected their income. Conclusion: Our results indicated that COVID-19 factors are associated with Saudi adults' adoption of health-promoting behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine nursing students' health habits. More specifically, the objectives were to determine whether there were any changes in their health habits during their course of study, and to understand whether the students' perceptions about good health conditions cohered with their health‐related behaviour. Background: The transition from high school to university has an undesirable effect on students' health habits, and nursing students' unhealthy behaviours may prevent them from helping patients improve their poor health habits. Design: A longitudinal design was used. The study followed the recommendations of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology). Methods: All students were recruited from a nursing science degree course in an Italian university. The sample consisted of 351 nursing students. Data were collected at the baseline during their entrance into the university (T0) and at the end of their third year of coursework (T3). We developed the Nursing Student Health Habits Scale, which was administered by a trained researcher. The McNemar test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to evaluate the differences in health habits between T0 and T3, and a logistics model to assess the factors influencing students' good health perceptions were used. Results: From T0 to T3, there were decreases in the number of students who requested physician consultations (p =.01) and increases in those who exercised daily (p =.003). There was also a change in the nutrition model (p =.018). In the multivariate model, physician consultations for medical problems and performing physical exercise were factors influencing good health perceptions. Conclusions: Future research is needed to illuminate other aspects of students' health habits. Relevance to clinical practice: Universities are advised to address these problems by reflecting on undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum content concerning health management and disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims and Objectives: To examine the relationship between health literacy (HL) and adherence to secondary coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention behaviours in patients in China. Background: Adherence of patients to secondary CHD prevention behaviours is important in order to slow or reverse disease progression. The relationship between HL and adherence is varied across populations and warrants further research in order to inform nurses caring for such patients how to direct their teaching. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional design. Methods: A total of 598 patients with CHD were recruited during hospitalisation for a myocardial revascularization procedure at either of two tertiary hospitals in China. Data were collected by self‐report on demographics, HL and adherence to secondary CHD prevention behaviours (medication‐taking and heart‐healthy lifestyle) prior to this admission. HL was measured by the short version of European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS‐EU‐Q16), while adherence was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale (MOS‐SAS). Descriptive, chi‐square test and regression analyses were conducted. The study was reported based on STROBE checklist. Results: Overall, 74.5% of the patients had limited HL. Adherence rates to medication‐taking and heart‐healthy lifestyle were 84.7% and 53.2%, respectively. HL was not significantly associated with medication adherence, but in regression models patients with limited HL demonstrated significantly increased odds for nonadherence to heart‐healthy lifestyle (OR 1.69). Conclusion: HL was not significantly associated with medication adherence but was related to heart‐healthy lifestyle adherence. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should assess the health literacy of discharging patients with CHD and focus on patients with limited health literacy to improve heart‐healthy lifestyle behaviours, and not just taking medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the gender‐specific lifestyles of adults with metabolic syndrome in the Taiwanese community. Background: Many studies show different prevalence of metabolic syndrome in males and females; however, few studies have investigated gender‐specific lifestyle risk factors, which are important for effectively reducing prevalence. Design: A cross‐sectional study design was used. Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, a total of 1,066 individuals were recruited in northern Taiwan. Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed by descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and logistic regression. This study followed the STROBE guidelines. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.8% in men and 36.0% in women. Women had healthier dietary habits, a higher rate of moderate–vigorous physical activity, and a lower rate of smoking and obesity than men. Men, who were overweight or obese, lacked vigorous physical activity, often consumed excess amounts of salt and fat, and seldom consumed appropriate amounts of protein tended to have metabolic syndrome. Women with an unhealthy metabolism tended to be overweight or obese and seldom consumed dairy products. Conclusions: Men, who had normal body weight, performed vigorous physical activity, seldom consumed excess amounts of salt and fat, and often consumed appropriate amounts of protein tended not to have metabolic syndrome. Women with a healthy metabolism were of normal body weight and often consumed dairy products. There exist gender differences in health habits with metabolic syndrome. Relevance to clinical practice: Although the associated risk factors differed between men and women, controlling body weight and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To synthesize the effects of Internet empowerment‐based self‐management interventions on adults with metabolic diseases. Background: Metabolic diseases are prevalent and burden healthcare systems; they have become a major health problem worldwide. The effects of IESMIs on lifestyle changes have been shown to improve adults’ physiological and psychological conditions. However, we found no systematic review evaluating these effects. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials, conducted according to the Cochrane handbook. Data resources: A literature search was conducted using the Airiti Library, Association for Computing Machinery, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE and Index of the Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases (earliest–June 2016). Review methods: Two reviewers used the Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Extracted data were entered and analysed using RevMan 5.3.5 software. Inverse variance was used to estimate effect sizes. Weighted and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Twenty‐one randomized controlled trials were reviewed. Meta‐analysis showed that the intervention significantly improved adults’ exercise habits, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, body weight, empowerment levels and quality of life. Conclusion: The intervention significantly improve the health status of adults with metabolic diseases, in particular their exercise habits, HbA1c levels, body weight, empowerment and quality of life. The intervention provides more convenient and faster access to healthcare for busy individuals with time constraints. These results suggest that healthcare professionals could develop accessible and friendly interactive online interfaces for patients to expand the use of these interventions in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive intervention led by primary care nurses for lifestyle modification among people with intermediate cardiovascular risk. Background: Cardiovascular diseases may be prevented by adopting healthy lifestyles. Interventions focused on populations at risk are more efficient than those aimed at the general population. More than 50 per cent of cardiovascular events occur in people with intermediate cardiovascular risk, but only a few studies have targeted this population. Design: A randomized controlled trial approved in January 2017. Methods: We will recruit 208 participants aged 35-74 years who have intermediate cardiovascular risk. They will be selected by consecutive sampling and will be randomized into a control group or intervention group. Individual standardized brief counselling on healthy lifestyles will be provided to both groups. Additionally, individuals from the intervention group will receive four weekly group sessions focusing on cardiovascular risk, healthy diet, moderation in alcohol consumption, daily physical activity, stress management and smoking cessation and two motivational followup calls. The primary outcome will be the lifestyle modification measured by total steps recorded by a pedometer, total score on the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and percentage of current smokers. Discussion: This study will allow us to investigate whether an intensive intervention based on a multifactorial group approach is more effective in lifestyle modification than individual standardized brief counseling among adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. Our results could lead to the establishment of new strategies for cardiovascular risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing students are going to be professionals in the near future, and as carers, it will be essential for them to behave in a way that will allow them to have a positive influence on the health of others as well as their own health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lifestyles of first-year nursing students of 2 universities (one in Spain and the other in Colombia). A cross-sectional descriptive study design using validated surveys was adopted. A sample of 140 nursing students enrolled in 2014 in their first year of 2 universities (Seville in Spain, n = 37, and Antioquia in Colombia, n = 93) self-reported the FANTASTICO Lifestyle checklist. Findings reveal that (1) the lifestyles are not appropriate in 1 of 3 of nursing students in both universities and (2) there are statistically significant differences for family items, positive thinkers, the use of safety belts, and alcohol consumption before driving. A high proportion of the study's participants have inappropriate lifestyles that involve risks for the deferred development of chronic diseases. It is necessary for universities to develop educational interventions in the design of nursing degrees to strengthen healthy behaviours during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to understand the lifestyle; examine the relationships among lifestyle, medical factors, and stress status; and determine the predictors of better lifestyle in heart transplant recipients in Taiwan. A prospective design with convenience sampling was used. Data were collected through the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II and demographic questionnaires, which included personal information, stress status, and medical information. Pearson correlations, 1-way analysis of variance, independent t tests, paired t tests, and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the factors related to better lifestyle. A total of 80 heart transplant recipients participated. The mean score for lifestyle decreased from baseline to 3 months and was even lower at 6 months. Nevertheless, the trend for some participants was the opposite-their lifestyle improved over the 6-month period after baseline. Notably, the trend for each of the 6 subscales was not consistent with the mean of the total score. Stress status accounted for 12.8% of lifestyle. When stress status was combined with family income and creatinine, the 3 factors accounted for 32.2% of lifestyle. This study demonstrated that maintenance of a healthy lifestyle fluctuates after transplantation. Demographic factors and stress status can help to identify people who are more likely to have a poor lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of telephone empowerment-based health coaching as a cost-effective alternative to changing health behaviours of adults with Type 2 diabetes. Background Guidelines regarding lifestyle management to reduce the risk of complications in diabetes include changing patterns of eating, physical activity and smoking cessation. Traditional education/behavioural methods of support for behaviour change reveal mixed and mainly short-term effects. Design A mixed method case study approach was used ( n = 10). Methods Data were collected by means of physiological measurements survey and focus group interview both before and after telephone a coaching intervention. Results Participants took greater responsibility for health and revealed high self-efficacy scores. Short-term benefits were seen in physiological variables at three months but these deteriorated with the cessation of the intervention indicating the need for continuous support. Conclusion Telephone coaching is a cost-effective approach to supporting health behaviour change for those with diabetes. It embraces the principles of empowerment and warrants further evaluation in supporting long-term behavioural changes. As such coaching emerges as a suitable proposition for this cohort. Relevance to clinical practice Health coaching has a positive impact on health behaviours for those with diabetes. Health coaching facilitates an increase in personal control of health and builds confidence in self-managing diabetes. Patients feel really supported and become motivated towards self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To understand the knowledge and perceptions of type 2 diabetes and to explore preferable educational strategies in the non-diabetic offspring of patients with the disease. Background Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly prevalent disease with significant long-term consequences. Offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing the disease compared with the general population. Previous studies have shown that offspring have a poor perception of their own risk. Design A qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. Analysis was completed using a structured framework approach. Methods Research was carried out during January-March 2011 in the north east of UK. Six offspring of patients diagnosed with the disease were interviewed. Results Participants balanced positive and negative aspects of their lifestyle behaviours to estimate their own risk. They had adequate knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours, but were uncertain about the long-term effects and seriousness of the disease and the role of inheritance. Behavioural changes at an individual level would only be motivated by an event, which would impact on their own health. Participants believed that 'fear'-based strategies to health promotion would be most effective to encourage behaviour change. Conclusion Knowledge of individual risk and why diabetes was serious was limited and variable. The health behaviours of this at-risk group were complex. Nurses engaged in the care of at-risk individuals must take this complexity into account when developing and implementing multi-faceted strategies to improve awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to investigate the lifestyle and eating habits of obese children. Analysis of the data reveals that just 38% of children regularly eat breakfast, 63% of children eat both main and first course for both lunch and dinner, and just one of three children eats vegetables or fruits at meals. It shows that 62% of children spend two and four hours average watching television (TV) during leisure time, while 16% between five and eight hours.