A systematic review and meta‐analysis: Effectiveness of internet empowerment‐based self‐management interventions on adults with metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Aim: To synthesize the effects of Internet empowerment‐based self‐management interventions on adults with metabolic diseases. Background: Metabolic diseases are prevalent and burden healthcare systems; they have become a major health problem worldwide. The effects of IESMIs on lifestyle changes have been shown to improve adults’ physiological and psychological conditions. However, we found no systematic review evaluating these effects. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials, conducted according to the Cochrane handbook. Data resources: A literature search was conducted using the Airiti Library, Association for Computing Machinery, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE and Index of the Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases (earliest–June 2016). Review methods: Two reviewers used the Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Extracted data were entered and analysed using RevMan 5.3.5 software. Inverse variance was used to estimate effect sizes. Weighted and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Twenty‐one randomized controlled trials were reviewed. Meta‐analysis showed that the intervention significantly improved adults’ exercise habits, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, body weight, empowerment levels and quality of life. Conclusion: The intervention significantly improve the health status of adults with metabolic diseases, in particular their exercise habits, HbA1c levels, body weight, empowerment and quality of life. The intervention provides more convenient and faster access to healthcare for busy individuals with time constraints. These results suggest that healthcare professionals could develop accessible and friendly interactive online interfaces for patients to expand the use of these interventions in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]