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Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the historical context of surveys and studies related to consumption and living conditions in the U.S. in 1935, as well as in France in 1964. Topics include the publication of annotated bibliographies by the Bureau of Home Economics in the U.S. and the release of a list of consumption surveys by the Credoc in France, variety of methods employed in these surveys, and common thread of listing important sources on consumption practices in both documents.

An introduction is presented in which editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including poetics of genres, intertextuality, rhetoric of speech; periodical press in the second half of the reign of Louis XIV and intertextual and rhetorical issues of writing the news.

The article aims to describe, measure and qualify the institutional influence of the prison on the links families in the first half of the 20th century in France. It mentions intersection of prison regulations and preserved correspondence in the files makes it possible to question the effects of the prison setting on the maintenance family ties. It also mentions construction of the social state has as its corollary a public action of increasingly strong towards working-class families.

In 2013, Bernard Friot published Peintures pressées ("Hurried Paintings"), subtitled "un musée imaginaire" ("an imaginary museum"). This article analyzes how Bernard Friot views his paper museum as a twofold composition, with esthetic and didactic perspectives. Within a carefully considered layout, Bernard Friot presents a collection of art reproductions alongside texts of various genres, which playfully show children how to take in artwork and navigate the museum space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Virtual reality is used in many courses and in multiple ways in medical pedagogy, but not in critical appraisal learning. Aim: To evaluate the usability and interest of virtual reality in this reflective teaching context. Methods: Sixteen third year of physiotherapy students' at the University of Limoges were taught critical appraisal of an article with virtual reality. Questionnaires asked them about their feelings, side effects (VRSQ), usability of the system (SUS) and user experience (AttrackDiff 2). A critical appraisal worksheet was completed by the students after reading a scientific article, and then completed after the virtual reality session, giving two formative scores. The students' learning path in the virtual experience was analyzed. Results: Learners scored significantly higher after viewing the virtual reality module (13.1 ± 3.0 and 14.3 ± 3.1 respectively, p < 0.05). Students described the tool as motivating, allowing them to focus and facilitating better understanding of a scientific study. Usability and attractiveness of the virtual reality module was satisfactory, despite the presence of some adverse effects. Conclusion: Virtual reality seems to be an interesting tool to use in the context of critical appraisal learning, and it can be deployed at distance in e-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the Luxembourg statesman Constant d'Hoffschmidt and the financial ruin which he suffered due a failed business investment, a paper production factory in Pont-d'Oye, Belgium. It examines a letter from his personal correspondence which he addressed to his family outlining the reasons which the business was a failure and managed to bankrupt him. These included a higher amount of capital investment than he had originally believed necessary, as well as the lack of financial profit from the paper factory once it had been built.

Used by managers and scientists, the term "paper park" describes protected areas that are considered ineffective on the basis of either their performance or the resources available. An international comparative analysis of 13 marine protected areas has made it possible to reconstruct the thwarted institutionalisation processes of six of them, identified as "paper parks". The analysis reveals three determinants of these situations, then three ideal-types of institutional configurations. We propose a definition of paper parks that takes into account the place-based resources generated by the institutionalisation, resources that can potentially be activated for the benefit of the resilience of a place-based conservation policy which, depending on the case, takes various forms. The concept of "institutional bricolage" is mobilised to analyse the mechanisms of resilience: this leads to operational and then theoretical deductions, relating to the cross-analysis of the processes of bricolage, conflict and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses how written materials have become an object of study in their own right, including their articulation with the sign, practices and social interactions, and temporal and geographic ramifications.

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geneses is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geneses is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geneses is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The use of blotting paper as a support for quantification of viral load could improve the virological monitoring of patients on Human Immunodeficiency Virus treatment in Mali. The urgency is obvious to us that the coverage in charge is only 10% for the achievement of the 3rd 90. Objective: To assess the performance of viral load screening (sensitivity, specificity, concordance) of DBS from the one spot DBS protocol according to plasma in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Bamako. Methods: A total of 130 blotting papers were made from blood samples received from five sites for monitoring live persons with HIV. These blotting papers thus made were analyzed with the Abbott m2000 apparatus for the purpose of quantifying the viral load with plasma as reference sample. The extraction was done with the m2000SP automatic extractor, following the protocol 1.0 mL HIV-RNA DBS Protocol for paper. Furthermore, the extraction of plasma RNA on the m2000SP was done according to the 0.6 mL HIV-1 RNA protocol. Results: With 130 samples with detectable viral loads, we obtained a correlation of r = 0.837 (p <0.001). In addition, the average difference between the viral load on blotting paper and plasma was 0.512 log / virological copies with a kappa coefficient = 0.708. The threshold of 1000 copies / mL defined as virological success in our study allowed us to obtain a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Decentralized zones or virological plasma monitoring is not accessible, the new Protocol one spot of Abbott laboratory offers an interesting opportunity for the follow-up of these patients with good performance at the threshold of 1000 copies. The use of DBS as a virological support can contribute effectively to the achievement of the 3rd 90. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is mainly made up of cellulosic fibrous materials. On one hand, the nature of the fibres (softwood or hardwood) and on the other hand, their mechanical treatments severely affect the obtained porous structure. The porosity can vary from 1% to 95% according to the aimed end-use properties. Consequently, the mechanical behaviour strongly varies. Indeed, the mechanical resistance is related on the quality of fibres and the bonds between these fibres. Moreover, the mechanical behaviour of the final products is influenced by both the orientation of fibres and moisture. Consequently, it is important to better understand the moisture-induced changes of dimensions and mechanical properties of papers. Experiments were undertaken to this end. Moreover, in order to observe the fibrous microstructure of paper, experiments based on synchrotron microtomography were carried out with the help of the "European Synchrotron Radiation Facility" (ESRF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geneses is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Réseaux (07517971) is the property of Editions La Decouverte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Economie Politique is the property of Cahiers d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire de l'Amérique Française is the property of Institut d'histoire de l'Amerique francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents guidelines for candidates participating in the concours de l'agrégation interne d'histoire et géographie performance evaluation competition.

The article analyzes several examples of banquets where staging and symbols played an important role. It discusses sweets served during dinners held in honor of the Joyous Entry of Ernest de Bavière, Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, in Liège (Belgium) in 1581 and the booklet published by the Jesuit high school in Düsseldorf, Germany, in honor of the wedding of Philippe Guillaume de Neubourg, Count Palatine, on September 3, 1653 which was structured in the form of a wedding reception.

An essay is presented in which the author analyzes the theme of gesture in several engravings illustrating the novels "L'Astrée" by Honoré d'Urfé and "Endymion" (1624) by Jean Ogier de Gombauld. It discusses the engravings by French artist Daniel Rabel in "L'Astrée" and the depiction of the Greek mythological character Endymion in De Gombauld's work.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antiquarians in the 17th and 18th centuries compiled ample bodies of graphic reproductions of Antique works of art. These albums assumed diverse forms — collections essentially composed of drawings on the model of Cassiano dal Pozzo's Museo Cartaceo in the first half of the 17th century or series of engravings with commentaries, bound as books, on the model of Bernard de Montfaucon's Antiquité Expliquée et Représentée en Figures, 1719-1725. While these collections share a number of characteristics with the museum, the particular nature of their common support — the images of antique objects, and not the objects themselves — links them to a specific sort of museum that could be called “imaginary" for more than one reason. In the very vast ensemble of questions raised by these paper museums, this study will concentrate on one examination in particular. To what measure did the images of Antique art contained in the albums of Antiquities contribute to the birth of a particular form of art history, namely art history through images that preceded by several decades art history by narration that develops at the end of the 18th century, following particularly Winckelmann's work on the history of Antique art? What link exists between these two forms of history? Do they maintain a relation of model to counter-model as suggested by certain representatives of “modern" art history, with Winckelmann himself in the front line? Or are they tied to each other, despite disclaimers, by a hidden connection of affiliation? This study attempts to find several elements in response to these questions, by examining some of the paper museums, which, in the 17th and 18th centuries, took Antique art as their object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the origin and usage of the term undocumented worker in France. The transition from the term undocumented, or illegal, which emerged in 1973-1973, to the term undocumented workers, which started to be used in 2007-2008, is discussed. Further discussions include the transformation of immigration policy and the emergence of undocumented workers strikes during the 2000s and the involvement of several French labor unions including the Confédération générale du travail (CGT).

A literary criticism of the book "Bolivia en el Primer Centenario de su Independencia" edited and introduced by Spanish aristocrat J. Ricardo Alarcón A. and sponsored by the administration of Bolivian President Bautista Saavedra is presented. It analyzes how the nation's political elites depicted the state of their country one hundred years after the celebration of its independence from Spain in 1825. It provides an overview of the work and mentions the context in which it was composed.

: Au début du XXIe siècle, la pratique du journalisme en Chine a été marquée par une percée de l'investigation à la faveur d'une conjonction singulière : la volonté du pouvoir central de contrôler les administrations locales grâce à un travail de surveillance des médias et le désir d'une nouvelle génération de journalistes de mener des enquêtes de façon professionnelle. Entre 2003 et 2016, à Shanghai, un groupe de journalistes qui a d'abord dirigé le quotidien Dongfang Zaobao, puis le site d'information Pengpai témoigne de ce moment. Des entretiens répétés avec ces journalistes permettent de décrypter leur stratégie à long terme, de distinguer une phase de négociations menées avec les autorités pour créer un média et un temps de jeu asymétrique pour produire de l'information. Ils montrent que les journalistes ont engrangé des succès importants en matière d'investigation mais que les autorités ont toujours fini par refermer l'espace éditorial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the paper making industry in France in the eighteenth century. It looks at the paper industry in the town of Auvergne, France and the influence that paper supplies, organized labor movements, and conflicts within the ancient regime had on Auvergne's eventual decline. The concept of state corporatism is also analyzed against the backdrop of an increase labor union movement. Other topics of the article include the industrial revolution, production methods, and the effects of the French Revolution on the town.

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Futuribles is the property of Futuribles SARL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the knowledge and skills of Parisian police at the end of the 18th century based in the papers of Lieutenant General Jean-Charles-Pierre Lenoir. It states that the papers of senior police officer Lenoir, which was written between 1790 and 1806, constitute a detailed survey about Parisian police on the eve of the French Revolution. It discusses what the police could have revealed of their particular experiences, and of their organization.

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentation & Bibliotheques is the property of Les Editions ASTED inc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on the history of the election law in Luxembourg, and more specifically on the impact on voting customs of the law of May 28, 1879, which instituted the secret vote and the anonymity of electors. The general context of this electoral reform is described. Details on the political regime of Luxembourg from 1860 to 1879 and the electoral customs before the law changed are provided. The evolution of ballot papers before and after the law is discussed. A description of voting booths is included.

Copyright of Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Chartes is the property of Librairie Droz SA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)