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The article discusses the main features and ways of terminological nomination, as well as other ways to replenish transport terminology. The terminology of water transport is an integral terminological system, within which terminological fields are distinguished: a system of ports, terms related to the design of documentation used in this field. The system under consideration is being intensively expanded and updated. Examples of special terms in the field of water transport organization in Russian and French are given.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the typology of special vocabulary in the modern language of technology and the study of the proportion of functional and stylistic types of special lexical units (terms, nomens, pragmonyms, terminoids, professionalisms) in scientific and technical texts of various genres. To study the ratio of the types of special vocabulary, popular scientific articles from aviation electronic journals, individual chapters of Ph.D. theses as well as fragments of aviation textbooks in English and German were analyzed. The total volume of the studied texts is 180, 000 characters (30,000 characters for each genre in one language). Based on this material, 2,426 English special lexical units and 2,465 German special lexical units were identified and distributed into separate categories. As a result of the study, it was found that the proportion of types of special vocabulary in scientific and technical texts of the corresponding genres in English and German is approximately the same. In all analyzed popular science, scientific and educational texts, the proportion of terms considerably prevails. The largest number of terms is used in educational texts. In popular science texts, nomens are used more often than in texts of other genres. Terminoids and professionalisms are very rarely used in the studied texts.

This article discusses the structure of sectoral (special) vocabulary in the development of language and studies sectoral (special) vocabulary as a set of lexical units used in professional communication between specialists, and also analyzes the composition of sectoral vocabulary, in which the categories of special lexemes are distinguished.

Stratagema oeconomicum by S. Gubert (1645) is one of the first German-language instructions on farming in the historical region of Livonia. In 1747, M. Lomonosov translated Gubert’s book into Russian under the title Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia (‘Economy of Livonia’). This translation was an adaptation of the original German text (which is characterized by the abundance of words denoting objects common in a rural area) to the geographical and sociocultural conditions of 18th century Russia. In general, Lomonosov’s translation is close to the original.Nevertheless, a comparison of the two texts reveals a number of differences in lexical semantics and style. To convey the meaning of German words into the Russian text, Lomonosov used general language as well as dialect vocabulary, possibly referring to knowledge from his own life experience. In some cases, he also constructed new words by transliterating German terms. Sometimes, in fragments containing long sequences of terms, their order was changed or one or more terms were eliminated from the list. The eliminated terms, as a rule, denote objects that were less significant in the context of agriculture in the European part of Russia, or duplicate words and expressions mentioned earlier in the text. This strategy follows the tradition that existed in Russia since the time of Peter the Great, allowing for an abridged translation. The study of special vocabulary in Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia in connection with the original German text reveals a number of facts that can be taken into account when preparing the reprint of Lomonosov’s works.

The article is devoted to the terminological aspects of translation, which cause difficulties in reproducing the German professional vocabulary of the shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language. The authors consider a special vocabulary, which includes professional vocabulary, jargon and nomenclature. And since these days international communication plays a crucial role in the formation of the country on the world stage, the focus is precisely on terminology, the correct translation of which will allow experts in any industry to understand each other. The case study revealed that the Ukrainian terminology of shipbuilding and seafaring is non-uniform and non-standard, which significantly complicates the translation. The main obstacle to adequate translation is the phenomenon of synonymy. Maritime terminology has a rich tradition in the German language, which is associated with the presence of realities that should be reproduced by means of the Ukrainian language. In this case, the approach of lexical borrowing is useful, which provides target text economy; although in some cases, it can complicate the perception of exotic vocabulary in the target language. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is appropriate to use descriptive translation or analogue choice in particular cases. Many terms of shipbuilding and seafaring are part of the phraseological units, which creates additional difficulties in translating the latter. The main research presents the ways of rendering of German terms in the field of shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language within the lexical and semantic approaches of translation, represented by the techniques of transcription, loan translation and descriptive translation. Loan translation and transcription (in particular, practical transcription) were identified as the main translation techniques. As the result of researched vocabulary analysis, it was revealed that the main difficulties during translation are caused by etymology of lexems and collocations. For adequate translation of special vocabulary of shipbuilding and seafaring, it is necessary to use the relevant subject knowledge and thoroughly explore the semantics of paticular terminological units.

Феномен родного языка : коммуникативно-лингвистический, социокультурный, философский и психологический аспекты : сборник научных статей [по материалам междунар. науч.-практ. интернет-конф., посвященной Международному дню родного языка, 21 февраля 2018 г.]. - Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2018. - С. 100-103. - Библиогр.: с. 103 (6 назв.)., В статье обоснована необходимость обучения магистрантов навыкам перевода, раскрыты особенности освоения магистрантами специальной лексики, выявлены способы работы по овладению навыками перевода профессионального словаря с английского языка на русский. = The necessity of teaching graduate students to translation skills is grounded in the article, the peculiarities of learning professional vocabulary are shown, the ways of teaching professional vocabulary translation are found out.

В статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания английского языка профессионального направления студентам, обучающимся по специальности «нефтегазовое дело», анализируются новые профессионально-ориентированные технологии в обучении и формируются основные принципы мотивации студентов во время усвоения нового материала. Также в работе представлен перечень типичных ситуаций профессионально-ориентированного общения, направленных на улучшение понимания студентами специфики сферы применения лексики, изучаемого в их будущей профессиональной деятельности., This article examines the peculiarities of teaching English in a professional direction to students studying in the specialty "oil industry", analyzes new professionally-oriented technologies in teaching and forms the basic principles of motivating students during the assimilation of new material. The paper also presents a list of typical situations of professionally oriented communication aimed at improving students' understanding of the specifics of the scope of the vocabulary being studied in their future professional activities.

The project of an ideographic dictionary of the Russian construction vocabulary is presented. The main principles of dictionary compilation, the thematic groups of lexical units, and the dictionary entry are presented. Lexical units previously unrecorded in the terminological dictionaries and the National Corpus of the Russian Language are analyzed.

In the conditions of the rapid development of technics and technology in recent years, the cooperation of the scientific-technical language with the standard Albanian language is continuing with a higher intensity than before. We notice a vigor of enrichment in the vocabulary of technical terminology, due to the creation and formation of new fields and subfields of technics, technology, also computing, mechatronics, telemetry, a multitude of concepts many of which, on one hand, are marked with names of the languages they come from, mainly from English, but on the other hand, they meet their needs with the lexical mother tongue composition (by common words being raised to terms) and with the activation of other layers, such as word-combination (word-group) terms. In this paper, in a more pronounced way, we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from common words in technical terminologies. The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general.

The article is devoted to terms, their particular qualities and functions in modern Russian language. The scientific analysis and description of terms existing in mechanical engineering can help to identify the term system hierarchy and language structures that provide relationship of the terms within it. Materials of the article will be used in “Mechanical engineering dictionary” that is devoted to analysis of terms and term system used in mechanical engineering.

The author gives a theoretical basis and explains the nature of various errors and difficulties encountered in the translation of scientific texts. He considers the types of error characteristic of translation of terms and general scientific vocabulary. The linguistic and extra linguistic factors that impede the search for adequate translation equivalent are described.

The gan po region, one of the earliest rice growing places in the world, has started the history of farming in ancient times. And, through archaeological sampling and excavation, wild rice and cultivated rice,17,000 years ago and 12000 years ago, respectively, have been found by Chinese and American experts in Wannian district of Jiangxi province at the end of last century. It shows that the poyang area of Jiangxi province has become the beginning of rice farming in China early in the late paleolithic and early neolithic period, also, played an vital role in the history of rice farming in the world. The long history of agricultural civilization forms the folk culture of poyang farming, which is fully reflected in dialect vocabulary. Its folk customs reflected in the dialect vocabulary are mainly reflected in these aspects of spring plowing and sowing, rice field management, rice harvest, farmers' sacrifice and agricultural festivals and so on.

In the article it is said about the importance of learning terminology by the bilingual students at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. The article not only gives a historical reference to the appearance of the terminology, but also puts a question of learning special terminology. It also gives the methods of solving this problem, as there is no understanding between the specialists of one profession without the knowledge of terminology. The bilingual students' ability to combine terms on the basis of their knowledge makes their speech more professional and exact (1). Keywords—terminology; bilingual students; Russian as a foreign language I. INTRODUCTION In connection with the development of the new technologies and opening of new tendencies in all the spheres of science (natural sciences, exact sciences and liberal arts), the vocabulary of the Russian language is actively replenished with the terms, and in connection with it the science - terminology is also developing. With the process of globalization there began an intensified integration tendency in science, culture and education, which gave an opportunity to get (draw,borrow) new words from the common receptacle (more often of European languages) and to use this vocabulary as terms. Integration tendencies induced a powerful current of a new special vocabulary, which became necessary and penetrating in all the spheres of human activities. Among the scientists the problem of the vocabulary integration induces strong discussions, and there also appears the discontent of the scientists, who fight for the purity of the Russian language. The integration is inevitable and rightful in the majority of cases, because in the science, culture and education the integration tendencies are also intensifying (2). The word stock of the language in expanding as well as the stock of special vocabulary.

To automatically classify natural scenes instead of manual ways, this paper proposes a novel approach to recognize scene categories. First, we extract appearance features from an image similar to a pyramid. Then, the visual words are generated from different classes separately based on Bag of Words (BOW) model. At last, Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) algorithm is used to obtain histogram of visual words and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classification. There are two contributions in this paper: one is that we partition an image into patches at different resolution levels and use multiple descriptors to obtain some omissive image information; the other is that visual words are formed by performing K-means clustering from each category and concatenated to form a dictionary distinguish to traditional BOW. We present satisfactory performances on a large scale of 13 categories dataset.