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Abstract Background Feeding and eating disorders are major factors in nutrition problems. Mothers have a big role in shaping feeding and eating behaviors. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders among children in pediatric outpatient clinics (6–12 years old) and comparing personality factors among mothers of children with feeding and eating disorders versus those without feeding and eating disorders. Results This study included 528 children who were screened for feeding and eating disorders using the DSM-5. For the detected children, their mothers’ personalities were assessed using Cattell’s 16 personality factor test after history was taken using a child psychiatric sheet. The resulting prevalence of feeding and eating disorders is 13%, and the major mother’s personality factor that contributed is the control factor. Conclusions Certain personality factors of the studied mothers (controlled, tender-minded, imaginative, forthright, and apprehensive) correlate with the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders among their children, compared with those without feeding and eating disorders. Mothers’ personalities should be assessed in children with feeding and eating disorders, especially when these factors seem likely.

Purpose: Vocal fold nodules (VNs) are bilateral, symmetrical, callous-like lesions secondary to phonotrauma and possibly related to specific personality traits. This case-control study examined the relation between personality and VNs in children within the context of the Trait Theory of VNs. Method: Parents of children with VNs (N = 39, M = 7.43, SD = 2.01 years) and two medical control groups (i.e., voice disordered controls, but not VNs [VDCs; N = 40, M = 7.09, SD = 2.01 years] and vocally normal controls [VNCs; N = 40, M = 7.6, SD = 1.54 years]) completed the Inventory of Child Individual Differences, a personality instrument that describes the Big Five superfactors as well as 15 lower order personality traits. Results: Children with VNs, as compared with VNCs, were (a) emotionally reactive (i.e., higher N--Neuroticism, p < 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.53), (b) Antagonistic, Strong-Willed, and less Compliant (i.e., lower A--Agreeableness, p < .014, Cohen's d = 0.59), and (c) Distractible and Disorganized (i.e., lower C--Conscientiousness, p < 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.62). Both voice disordered groups displayed elevated scores on the personality superfactor of Neuroticism (N; and the "Negative Emotions" lower order trait). Conclusions: The combination of personality traits identified in this study (i.e., high N, low A and C) may play a central role in VNs development and possibly attenuate voice therapy success. Children with VNs displayed a similar personality typology as women with VNs, with the exception of elevated Extraversion (E), thereby providing support for the relevance of the Trait Theory of VNs in both children and adults. Clinicians treating children with voice disorders, including VNs, should consider their underlying personality traits in assessment and management.

Background and Hypothesis: Based on a childhood intervention from ages 3 to 5 years that included additional fish consumption and which resulted in reduced schizotypal personality at age 23, we had previously hypothesized that omega-3 could reduce schizotypy. The current study tests the hypothesis that omega-3 supplementation reduces schizotypy in children., Study Design: In this intention-to-treat, randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a community sample of 290 children aged 11-12 years were randomized into Omega-3 Only, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Only, Omega-3 + CBT, and Control groups. Schizotypy was assessed using the SPQ-C (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children) at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months post-treatment), and 12 months (9 months post-treatment)., Study Results: A significant group × time interaction (P = .013) indicated that, compared with Controls, total schizotypy scores were reduced in both Omega-3 Only and Omega-3 + CBT groups immediately post-treatment (d = 0.56 and 0.47, respectively), and also 3 months after supplementation terminated (d = 0.49, d = 0.70). Stronger findings were observed for the interpersonal schizotypy factor, with both omega-3 groups showing reductions 9 months post-treatment compared with the CBT Only group. Schizotypy reductions were significantly stronger for those with higher dietary intake of omega-3 at intake. Sensitivity analyses confirmed findings., Conclusions: Results are unique in the field and suggest that omega-3 can help reduce schizotypal personality in community-residing children. From an epidemiological standpoint, if replicated and extended, these findings could have implications for early prevention of more significant schizotypal features developing later in adolescence., Clinical Trial Registration: "Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)." ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00842439, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Unveiling the roles personality plays during childhood and adolescence necessitates its accurate measurement, commonly using traditional Likert-type (LK) scales. However, this format is susceptible to various response biases, which can be particularly prevalent in children and adolescents, thus likely undermining measurement accuracy. Forced-choice (FC) scales appear to be a promising alternative because they are largely free from these biases by design. However, some argue that the FC format may not perform satisfactorily in children and adolescents due to its complexity. Little empirical evidence exists regarding the suitability of the FC format for children and adolescents. As such, the current study examined the psychometric performance of an FC measure of the Big Five personality factors in three children and adolescent samples: 5th to 6th graders ( N = 428), 7th to 8th graders ( N = 449), and 10th to 11th graders ( N = 555). Across the three age groups, the FC scale demonstrated a better fit to the Big Five model and better discriminant validity in comparison to the LK counterpart. Personality scores from the FC scale also converged well with those from the LK scale and demonstrated high reliability as well as sizable criterion-related validity. Furthermore, the FC scale had more invariant statements than its LK counterpart across age groups. Overall, we found good evidence showing that FC measurement of personality is suitable for children and adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Character building is very important to become a key for educational mainstream in Indonesia, either in a formal, non-formal, and informal setting. Several factors influence character building in children, namely parenting style and genetic personality. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of parenting style and genetic personality to children’s character development. This research is a correlational study using a survey and quantitative method. The population in this study were parents of students in Aya Sophia Foundation Islamic School. Data collection was carried out by simple random sampling to a population of 1,243 students' parents using an electronic questionnaire. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 398 samples. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The instrument of this study is a modification from the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) of Robinson et al. and Roman et al. To measure the genetic personality, the instrument was adapted from STIFIn Personality Concept. Another instrument used to measure children's character development is an adaptation from Poniman et. al. The analysis in this study used SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS version 3.0 as a statistic tool. The result of this study shows that parenting style and genetic personality have a positive influence and significantly contribute to children's character building.

A personalidade com insensibilidade e afetividade restrita (Callous-Unemotional personality) é bem investigada nos agressores de bullying, porém pouco se sabe sobre essa característica nas vítimas. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a personalidade de insensibilidade e afetividade restrita em crianças que vivenciaram situações de bullying. Participaram da pesquisa 60 crianças do 6. º ano escolar divididas em grupos de agressores (n=15), vítimas (n=15), vítimas-agressores (n=15), e grupo controle (n=15). Foram aplicadas escalas de personalidade e de comportamento. Os resultados apontaram que as vítimas demonstraram um nível mais baixo de personalidade com insensibilidade e afetividade restrita se comparado aos outros grupos, apresentando também maior nível de comportamento pró-social. Torna-se, então, necessário investigar se níveis mais baixos deste traço de personalidade estão associados a maior passividade nas vítimas e, consequentemente, a uma maior probabilidade de serem alvo de bullying

This study analyses the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions, i.e. Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-S), and affect and the Big Five traits of personality in a sample of 804 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Student's t test, Cohen's d index and logistic regression analysis were used. The high SOP-C group scored significantly higher than their peers having low SOP-C on Negative Affect and Neuroticism, and lower on Positive Affect, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience. To the contrary, students with high SOP-S scored significantly higher on all adaptive dimensions (i.e. Positive Affect, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience), and lower on Negative Affect and Neuroticism. Effect sizes were small for most of statistically significant differences. These findings were also supported by regression analysis. Results are discussed in light of the debate on the adaptive or maladaptive nature of Self-Oriented Perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the validity of the Eysenckian personality dimensions in 1,368 children and adolescents who completed the Greek Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior (EPQ-J). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed. Controversial issues regarding the Lie and Psychoticism scales were also investigated. Finally, the predictive validity of the EPQ-J was assessed using Goodman's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analytic results supported the four-factor structure of the scale. Results provide support for the appropriateness of the EPQ-J with Greek speaking samples and add to the international literature regarding the three-factor model of personality in children and adolescents. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)

This article presents a review of the Five Factor Personality Inventory-Children (FFPI-C), a quick and easily administered personality assessment for children and adolescents with clear and straightforward scoring and interpretation procedures. The FFPI-C is based on a theoretical model of personality developed through the work of Allport (Allport & Odbert, 1936), from which the five factors of personality emerged: (1) Agreeableness; (2) Extraversion; (3) Openness to Experience; (4) Conscientiousness; and (5) Neuroticism (relabeled as Emotional Regulation in the FFPI-C; McGhee et al., 2007). The FFPI-C has two primary uses: (a) to identify children at risk for adjustment problems, in school and the community, by assessing the personality traits of children and adolescents and (b) to be used in research studies. The FFPI-C is designed for children between the ages of 9 years 0 months and 18 years 11 months. The inventory has few materials, only requires a quiet space, and can be administered and scored in less than 1 hour. These factors suggest that the inventory is practical for use in school settings.

Objectives: To explore the impact of parental aggression (physical and psychological) on classroom bullying and to explore the effect of parental aggression on personality traits viz. neuroticism, extraver- sion, and agreeableness factors of personality of secondary school students. Method: A survey was conducted in the secondary schools of Mansehra, Abbotabad, and Haripur dis- tricts of Hazara Division from October, 2013 to March, 2014. A sample of 1438 students was selected to collect data by using three questionnaires. One questionnaire was about bullying while the other was about parental aggression. The third questionnaire was about the big five factors (BFF) of per- sonality and focused on only three factors of personality viz. extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeable- ness. This questionnaire was adopted. Analysis of collected datawas done through descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, whereas for the prediction of effect of independent vari- able on dependent variable, multiple regression model using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean and standard deviation value of physical aggression of parents was (3.96 ± 1.23) while that of psychological aggression was (3.97 ± 1.08). Additionally, the education level of father was negatively correlated with their physical aggression (r= -0.29, a= 0.000) as well as psychological aggression (r=- 0.28, a= 0.000). Similarly, mothers' level of education was significantly negatively cor- related with both physical aggression (r= -0.16, a= 0.000) and psychological aggression (r= -0.14, a= 0.000). The results further indicated that parental physical aggression (b= 0.16, t= 5.20, a= 0.000) positively predicted classroom bullying. Moreover, parental psychological aggression proved as signifi- cant negative predictor of extraversion (r= -0.067, a= 0.021), whereas parental psychological aggression demonstrated significant positive predictor of neuroticism (r= 0.106, a= 0.001). Conclusion: A high level of aggression both physical and psychological is expressed by parents against their adolescent children. Among them, more educated parents use less aggression towards their children. This physical and psychological aggression from parents cause damaging effects on extraversion factor of personality while psychological cause neurotic tendencies in secondary school students.

Although parental psychological control has been found to be detrimental to children's psychological functioning, less is known about the role of internal and external maternal and paternal psychological control in preschoolers' socio-emotional development. In this cross-sectional, multi-informant study, we rely on the self-determination theory to examine the relations between internal (i.e., guilt induction) and external (i.e., constraining verbal expressions and erratic emotional behavior) mother-reported and father-reported psychological control and preschoolers' (N = 136; 51.5% males; Mage = 5.53, SD = 0.66 years) externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social competence, as reported by their teachers. Regression analyses revealed unique relations between internal and external psychological control and preschoolers' social-emotional adjustment. While external psychological control related negatively to preschoolers' social competence and positively to anger-aggression, internal psychological control emerged as the unique predictor of anxiety-withdrawal. Importantly, the results indicated that these findings were consistent for both mothers and fathers. Our findings suggest that parental internal and external psychological control differentially relate to children's socio-emotional adjustment in early childhood. Highlights: This study distinguished between internal and external parental psychological control and examined their unique relations with preschoolers' socio-emotional adjustment. Maternal and paternal internal and external psychological control differed in their relations with children's socio-emotional functioning. The present findings add to recent research drawing attention to the need for investigating parental psychological control in a multidimensional fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Amelioration of cross-cultural and cross-language impacts on scale validity should be of concern to the researcher. The Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children, ( HiPIC), a 144-item Five-Factor Model Flemish personality scale, is both a cross-cultural and language scale in Australia. The present study is a mixed method validation study of the translated version of the HiPIC for use within the Australian context. Method Cognitive interviewing of 10 end-users of the HiPIC identified potentially confusing items. Alternate items were generated by a team of developmental psychologists. A further sample of parents/carers of children aged 5-14 years ( N = 399) completed the HiPIC items. Iterative single-factor principal component analyses of the internal structure of facets were used to select psychometrically defensible items for an adapted HiPIC or HiPIC-A. The hierarchical model of the HiPIC-A was then confirmed against a Flemish HiPIC sample using Procrustes rotation, with external validity considered by comparison to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results The resulting HiPIC-A, reduced to 124 items including 13 adapted items, achieved sound internal consistency and high total congruence (0.98) with the Flemish sample. Regression against the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire demonstrated further support for external validity of the HiPIC-A. Conclusion The mixed method design was an effective approach to a cross-language cultural adaptation and validation of the HiPIC, confirming the robust nature of the HiPIC model. The potential for the adapted HiPIC-A to identify adaptive and maladaptive developmental trajectories in Australian children has important implications for practice and further research. On-going validation is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study reviewed measures that can be used for personality assessment with the Referral Question Consultation (RQC). Each review addressed the reliability of the scales and composite scores; validity; usefulness of results for planning interventions; empirical basis for analyses of individual items; and whether each item accounted for response biases. The appropriateness of each for use with the RQC varied considerably. (JDM)

This Special Issue includes nine original, empirical papers selected from the 7th International Conference on Adoption Research. In the interest of disseminating the new empirical knowledge and science-based interventions to adoption stakeholders, these papers reflect what can be considered some of the most stimulating and innovative lines of research in the recent adoption literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies found that children with Down syndrome were perceived as being more physically baby faced than those with other forms of mental retardation and typical children and more likely to behave in an immature manner, and that more physically baby faced children with Down syndrome are more subject to the over generalization. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

The promotion of healthy child development has become a major focus of world attention over the last three decades. However, children are often afflicted by emotional disorders in the recent years. These are exhibited by undue thoughts and disrupted behaviors as opposed to the cultural expectations. The present study is aimed to find out the comparison among children with Externalizing/lnternalizing disorder and their Peer Control with respect to the nature and degree of underlying dynamics of personality. The sample include children with externalizing disorder, internalizing disorder and peer control. Each group consists of 15 participants. On each of the groups, a semi structured socio-demographic proforma, consent letters by parents and clinical data sheet were administered to the children. The criterion for clarification of externalizing and internalizing disorder group was assessed using the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (Naglieri etai., 1979) and followed by the CAT-Human Version (Beliak & Beliak, 1965). The findings indicated that, externalizing children have poor impulse control and intense need for autonomy and power, internalizing children have intense need for affiliation and moral values and take decision on the basis of ethical judgments and normal peer control group have more balanced ego as compared to the other two clinical groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aetiology of Sleep bruxism includes specific personality traits, related to perfectionism. Aim: To investigate the relationship between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and personality traits in children and their parents, determining whether children with PSB and their parents are more perfectionists. Design: This case–control study included 104 children aged 8–9 years, 52 cases and 52 controls. A clinical examination was performed on the children who completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ‐NA) and the Child Perfectionism Inventory. Parents completed a bruxism diagnostic questionnaire according to the AASM criteria, BFQ and Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale questionnaires. t‐Tests for independent samples and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant relationship between PSB and a self‐demanding personality (OR = 1.11, p =.01), restless sleep (OR = 4.41, p =.004), and a family history of clenching and grinding teeth (OR = 3.07, p =.0006) was found in a binary logistic regression model. When adjusted, only restless sleep showed a significant relationship with PSB (p =.03, OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.13–9.81). Conclusion: Children whose parents reported as clenching or grinding their teeth while asleep in the previous 6 months, and who were found to have abnormal dental wear, had significantly more nightmares, sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness, family history of bruxism, and tended to be more perfectionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol, the most consumed drug in the United States, is associated with various psychological disorders and abnormal personality traits. Despite extensive research on adolescent alcohol consumption, the impact of early alcohol sipping patterns on changes in personality and mental health over time remains unclear. There is also limited information on the latent trajectory of early alcohol sipping, beginning as young as 9–10 years old. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is crucial for cognitive control and response inhibition. However, the role of the dACC remains unclear in the relationship between early alcohol sipping and mental health outcomes and personality traits over time. Methods: Utilizing the large data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 11,686, 52% males, 52% white, mean [SD] age 119 [7.5] months, 9807 unique families, 22 sites), we aim to comprehensively examine the longitudinal impact of early alcohol sipping patterns on psychopathological measures and personality traits in adolescents, filling crucial gaps in the literature. Results: We identified three latent alcohol sipping groups, each demonstrating distinct personality traits and depression score trajectories. Bilateral dACC activation during the stop‐signal task moderated the effect of early alcohol sipping on personality and depression over time. Additionally, bidirectional effects were observed between alcohol sipping and personality traits. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the impact of early alcohol consumption on adolescent development. The key finding of our analysis is that poor response inhibition at baseline, along with increased alcohol sipping behaviors may accelerate the changes in personality traits and depression scores over time as individuals transition from childhood into adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual well-being enhances life quality, acts as a stress reliever, and mitigates unfavorable feelings. It helps individuals find meaning and purpose, increasing inner peace and happiness while improving stress management and overall well-being. This study examined whether positive childhood experiences are linked to spiritual well-being and if psychological flexibility and meaning-based coping serve as mediators. The sample included 1061 participants (Mage = 39.38; SD = 8.82) from various Turkish cities. Structural equation modeling assessed relationships between spiritual well-being, positive childhood experiences, psychological flexibility, and meaning-based coping. Results showed that positive childhood experiences directly enhance spiritual well-being, mediated by psychological flexibility and meaning-based coping. This underscores the significance of fostering positive childhood experiences to promote spiritual well-being and coping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With considerable debate concerning the impact of culture on the expression of callous–unemotional (CU) traits, it is unclear whether the core features of CU traits generalize to youth across cultures. This study aimed to examine whether cultural differences are reflected in the core features of CU traits and the associations among these features. Network analysis was employed to identify the core features and to examine the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU) in four community youth samples from different nations (Australia, N = 190; the UK, N = 437; the USA, N = 330; China, N = 503). The item "Apologizes to people" was identified as a cross-cultural core feature in the ICU network with a greater centrality of this item compared to others in all four samples. In addition, some items were identified as culture-specific core features in the network, differing in their centrality across samples. The network structures of the youth self-report ICU items were moderately similar across samples, while the structures of parent-report items showed substantial differences. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural research on CU traits as well as practical implications for screening and treatment. The core features of ICU appear to be generalizable in youth across cultures, although cultural-specific manifestations should be noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to the lives of families and children, affecting children's adjustment. We examined the impact COVID-19 had on families and how child-rearing disagreements might be linked to child adjustment. Furthermore, given the role that children play in evoking parent responses within the family context, we also investigated how children's temperament trait of anger/frustration might moderate the indirect pathway through child-rearing disagreements. We recruited 516 parents with a child between the ages 3 and 7 to complete an online survey measuring their perceived COVID-19 impact, and family and child functioning. Results indicate that greater COVID-19 impact, and child temperamental anger/frustration were each linked to greater child-rearing disagreements, and thereby, greater child stress. In addition, families reporting the most COVID-19 impact and having a child with high anger/frustration experienced the most child-rearing disagreements, and thereby, greater child anxiety during the pandemic. This work highlights how the COVID pandemic might have disrupted family processes, which in turn had negative consequences on the family, and suggest that less coparenting conflict might be a protective factor on the effect of the pandemic on child outcomes. Highlights: We surveyed parents with children between the ages of 3 and 7 and examined how the pandemic related to family functioning. We found that families that were more impacted by COVID-19 had more coparenting conflict. The effect of COVID impact was greater for families with children with high anger/frustration temperament. Coparenting conflict was related to child stress, and mediated the relation between COVID impact and stress. The indirect effect was particularly strong for children with greater anger-frustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that parenting bears a strong link with the development of personality traits among adolescents. However, studies that examine the reciprocal associations between changes in parenting and the Big Two personality traits (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism) of adolescence are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal transactional links between three dimensions of parenting (i.e., parental support, psychological control, and harsh punishment) and the Big Two personality traits during early adolescence. The study applied a four-wave longitudinal approach with each wave being 12 months apart. Participants were 3307 Chinese youth (43.6% girls, Mage = 11.30 years, SD = 0.24). The results of cross-lagged panel modeling supported the significant bidirectional relations between these three parenting practices and adolescent extraversion and neuroticism at the between-family level. The within-person level analysis of random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling found that parental harsh punishment significantly predicted youth neuroticism (but not vice versa) and psychological control significantly predicted both extraversion (but not vice versa) and neuroticism (and vice versa). Sex differences were observed in the bidirectional relation between harsh punishment and neuroticism at the between-family level and in the longitudinal relation between psychological control and neuroticism at the within-family level. These results suggest that the linkages between parenting and adolescent personality traits can be understood to be advanced by both the between-family and within-family approaches that may provide greater support for causal inferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐conscious emotions arise from evaluating the self through the eyes of others. Given that children with autistic traits may experience difficulties with understanding others' minds, they might show less attuned self‐conscious emotions. Two‐to‐five‐year‐old children's (N = 98, Mage = 48.54 months, 50% girls, 92% White) self‐conscious emotions (guilt, embarrassment, and shame‐like avoidance) were observed after children "broke" the experimenter's favorite toy. Data were collected from March 2018 till June 2019. Children with more autistic traits showed less theory of mind (ToM), and more shame‐like avoidance, but associations were not mediated by ToM. This provides initial evidence that children with more autistic traits may show disturbances in some but not all self‐conscious emotions, which could hinder their social functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]