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The paper reports the investigation bioremediation of spent engine oil-contaminated soil augmented with bacteria isolated from municipal dumpsite leachate and amended with water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) as bio-stimulants using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained showed that morphological and biochemical analyses identified six gram-negative and two gram-positive isolates, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Citrobacter koseri. Qualitative screening using the redox indicator dye 2,6-Dichlorophenol indophenol indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the highest hydrocarbon degradation capabilities. For the bioremediation study, sterilized spent engine oil was introduced into uncontaminated soil at a concentration of 25 g/kg. The contaminated soil was divided into several treatment sets: SET A (control), SET B (with Pseudomonas aeruginosa), SET C (with Staphylococcus aureus), and SET D (with both microorganisms). Additionally, water hyacinth leaves were added in parallel experiments, creating groups SET E (with water hyacinth), SET F (with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and water hyacinth), SET G (with Staphylococcus aureus and water hyacinth), and SET H (with both and water hyacinth). The remediation process, monitored for eight weeks, revealed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) losses of 0.02%, 21.09%, 16.17%, 23.64%, 0.03%, 31.57%, 20.13%, and 39.04% for the respective treatments. This study establishes that indigenous bacterial isolates, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, possess significant hydrocarbon-degrading abilities and that the addition of water hyacinth enhances biodegradation, providing a dual benefit of removing this invasive plant species from waterways while remediating oil-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vemicast. This process is called vermicomposting, while the rearing of worms for this purpose is called vermiculture. Adsorption of toxic metals has been achieved using Vermicompost, but there is dearth of knowledge in adsorption of crude oil using Vermicompost. This study brings to knowledge the effectiveness of earthworm waste (vermicompost) use for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soils. The remediation methods adopted were batch and column processes conditions. Characterization of the vermicompost and crude oil contaminated soil were performed before and after the soil washing using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS). The optimization of washing parameters, using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design was performed on the data from laboratory experiments. Machine learning models [Artificial neural network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). ANN and ANFIS were evaluated on the observed and predicted percentage removal of crude-oil using the coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE)]. Removal efficiency ranged from 29% to 98.9% for batch process remediation and 56% to 92% for column process remediation. Optimum values of the experimental factors were absorbent dosage of 34.53 g, adsorbate concentration of 69.11 (g/ml), contact time of 25.96 (min), and pH value of 7.71, for batch and column processes. Removal efficiency obtained from the multilevel general factorial design experiment ranged from 56% to 92% for column process remediation and 56% to 92% for column process remediation with the same optimum values of factors. Coefficient of determination (R2) for ANN was (0.9974) and (0.9852) for batch and column process, respectively. This result show strong correlation between the observed and predicted values for batch and column process, respectively, the coefficient of determination (R2) for RSM was (0.9712) and (0.9614), which also demonstrates agreement between observed and predicted values. For the batch and column processes, the ANFIS coefficient of determination was (0.7115) and (0.9978), respectively. Machine learning models appear to be capable of predicting the removal of crude oil from polluted soil using vermicompost.

Oil pollution is a common type of soil organic pollution that is harmful to the ecosystem. Bioremediation, particularly microbe-assisted phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil, has become a research hotspot in recent years. In order to explore more appropriate bioremediation strategies for soil oil contamination and the mechanism of remediation, we compared the remediation effects of three plants when applied in combination with a microbial agent and biochar. The combined remediation approach of Tagetes erecta, microbial agent, and biochar exhibited the best plant growth and the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons degradation efficiency (76.60%). In addition, all of the remediation methods provided varying degrees of restoration of carbon and nitrogen contents of soils. High-throughput sequencing found that microbial community diversity and richness were enhanced in most restored soils. Some soil microorganisms associated with oil degradation and plant growth promotion such as Cavicella, C1_B045, Sphingomonas, MND1, Bacillus and Ramlibacter were identified in this study, among which Bacillus was the major component in the microbial agent. Bacillus was positively correlated with all soil remediation indicators tested and was substantially enriched in the rhizosphere of T. erecta. Functional gene prediction of the soil bacterial community based on the KEGG database revealed that pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were up-regulated during remediation of oil-contaminated soils. This study provides a potential method for efficient remediation of oil-contaminated soils and thoroughly examines the biochar–bacteria–plant combined remediation mechanisms of oil-contaminated soil, as well as the combined effects from the perspective of soil bacterial communities.

The increasing occurrence of oil pollution presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen-15, Phosphorus-15, and Potassium-15 fertilizer on indigenous microorganisms involved in biodegradation of crude oil contaminated soil collected from Shawguwolo Jeddo Metropolis, Okpe L. G. A, Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. It was observed that the hydrocarbon reduced from 5315.80 to 2276.57 within four weeks. The highest rate was observed in sample C, which showed a 95.7% reduction in the hydrocarbon contamination. Sample C also showed a 34% increase in the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria present in the soil. Bioremediation leverages microbial activity to degrade pollutants, offering a cost-effective approach compared to other technologies, as it speeds up the process of degrading hydrocarbon by increasing the growth rate of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petroleum-derived products like petrol, containing complex hydrocarbons, have catastrophic environmental effects, posing a universal challenge. Bioremediation is known as eco-friendly and safe technique for removal of hydrocarbon pollutants. In this study, indigenous bacteria were isolated from oil contaminated soils and screened for their biodegradation potential. The bacterial enrichment and isolation were done using selective media Bushnell-Haas supplemented with petrol as a sole carbon source. Out of fifteen isolated strains best two isolates S4P2 and S14P1 were selected on basis of DCPIP screening method. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas chengduensis & Pseudomonas donghuensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The growth parameters were optimized by one factor at a time. The optimum growth temperature for P.chengduensis & P. donghuensis was found to be 37°C at pH 7 with a substrate concentration of 1%.

As the energy demand increases, there is a significant expansion and utilization of oil resources, resulting in the inevitable occurrence of environmental pollution. Oil has been identified as a prevalent soil contaminant, posing substantial risks to the soil ecosystems. The remediation of soil contaminated with oil is a formidable undertaking. Increasing evidence shows that chemical washing, a remediation technique employing chemical reagents like surfactants to augment the solubilization, desorption, and separation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, proves to be an efficacious approach, but the latest advances on this topic have not been systematically reviewed. Here, we present the state of knowledge about the surfactant-based chemical washing to remediate oil-contaminated soil. Using the latest data, the present article systematically summarizes the advancements on ex situ chemical washing of oil pollution and provides a concise summary of the underlying principles. The use of various surfactants in chemical washing and the factors influencing remediation efficiency are highlighted. Based on the current research status and knowledge gaps, future perspectives are proposed to facilitate chemical washing of oil-polluted soil. This review can help recognize the application of chemical washing in the remediation of oil-polluted soil.

The paper reports the investigation bioremediation of spent engine oil-contaminated soil augmented with bacteria isolated from municipal dumpsite leachate and amended with water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) as bio-stimulants using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained showed that morphological and biochemical analyses identified six gram-negative and two gram-positive isolates, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Citrobacter koseri. Qualitative screening using the redox indicator dye 2,6-Dichlorophenol indophenol indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the highest hydrocarbon degradation capabilities. For the bioremediation study, sterilized spent engine oil was introduced into uncontaminated soil at a concentration of 25 g/kg. The contaminated soil was divided into several treatment sets: SET A (control), SET B (with Pseudomonas aeruginosa), SET C (with Staphylococcus aureus), and SET D (with both microorganisms). Additionally, water hyacinth leaves were added in parallel experiments, creating groups SET E (with water hyacinth), SET F (with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and water hyacinth), SET G (with Staphylococcus aureus and water hyacinth), and SET H (with both and water hyacinth). The remediation process, monitored for eight weeks, revealed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) losses of 0.02%, 21.09%, 16.17%, 23.64%, 0.03%, 31.57%, 20.13%, and 39.04% for the respective treatments. This study establishes that indigenous bacterial isolates, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, possess significant hydrocarbon-degrading abilities and that the addition of water hyacinth enhances biodegradation, providing a dual benefit of removing this invasive plant species from waterways while remediating oil-contaminated soils.

The germination of seedlings is hindered in soil due to the excessive presence of petroleum hydrocarbons resulting from crude oil spill. This contamination not only pollutes the environment but also renders it unsuitable for habitation, inhibits animal grazing, and results in the degradation of natural beauty and aesthetic appeal. In this work, the ecotoxicological effect of nanoremediated soil previously contaminated with crude oil was assessed. Petroleum hydrocarbons were eliminated from crude oil contaminated soil through the utilization of nanomaterial adsorbents namely: Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWCNTs + IONP (Iron Oxide Nanoparticle), and P.N.C (Polymer Nanocomposite) followed by the cultivation of Zea mays seedling on the nanoremediated soils then observed over a period of seven days. Both the contaminated and treated samples were evaluated for their respective functional groups, structural morphology and elemental compositions using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED XRF) techniques. The seedlings were then harvested, and the lengths of their leaves, shoots, and roots were measured and recorded. Results indicated a germination rate of over 70 % achieved for seedlings cultivated in the nanoremediated soils, in contrast to a germination rate of only 40 % for seedlings grown in untreated crude oil contaminated soil. Seedlings from the soil treated with P.N.C exhibited the most favorable growth parameters, with leaf, shoot, and root lengths measuring 7.64, 4.83, and 8.04 cm respectively. In comparison, seedlings germinated in crude oil contaminated soil displayed measurements of 3.4, 2.79, and 5.32 cm for leaf, shoot, and root lengths, respectively. The pH levels of the treated soils were raised from 5.7 to 6.9, 6.3, and 6.7 for MWCNTs only, MWCNTs + IONP, and P.N.C, respectively. This augmentation had a positive impact on the uptake of nutrients through the root hairs. Additionally, it was noted that the presence of MWCNTs did not impede the germination and growth of Zea mays seedlings. This technique exhibits considerable potential for widespread adoption by farmers, oil companies, and environmental agencies as a rapid and effective nano-remediation method.

The increasing occurrence of oil pollution presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen-15, Phosphorus-15, and Potassium-15 fertilizer on indigenous microorganisms involved in biodegradation of crude oil contaminated soil collected from Shawguwolo Jeddo Metropolis, Okpe L. G. A, Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. It was observed that the hydrocarbon reduced from 5315.80 to 2276.57 within four weeks. The highest rate was observed in sample C, which showed a 95.7% reduction in the hydrocarbon contamination. Sample C also showed a 34% increase in the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria present in the soil. Bioremediation leverages microbial activity to degrade pollutants, offering a cost-effective approach compared to other technologies, as it speeds up the process of degrading hydrocarbon by increasing the growth rate of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With technological advances, mining industries use more crude oil and its products. Finding fast, effective, and eco-friendly repair techniques for oil-contaminated soil is crucial. Clay–titanium dioxide/manganese was used to investigate how oil breaks down in soil under sunlight. Various soil remediation techniques have been used to discard oil pollutants in soil. A polluted site must be cleaned effectively with a suitable method. Natural attenuation takes too long to produce positive results, whereas landfarming can produce toxic intermediates due to the organisms’ inability to degrade other oil components. Photochemical oxidation is a promising eco-friendly technique that can be employed as an alternative remediation method. The speed at which natural attenuation, photochemical oxidation, and landfarming could remove oil from contaminated soils was examined. Photochemical oxidation’s superiority as a remediation technique over landfarming is hypothesized.METHODS: Using clay modified with titanium dioxide and manganese, the effectiveness of landfarming and photochemical oxidation on oil-contaminated soil was investigated, together with the processes’ kinetics. To establish the processes’ effectiveness and kinetics, the oil residue was calculated at 7-day intervals for 35 days.FINDINGS: Initial oil concentration was 56.6 milligrams per kilogram, and degradation rates ranged from 23.91-80.47 percent. Highest oil reduction was 10.86 milligrams per kilogram. Combined remediation (biocarb and grafted clays) produced high degradation rate constants, k (0.046-0.049/day) and low degradation half-lives, t½ (15.2, 17.4 days). Photochemical oxidation rate constants ranged from 0.015-0.03984/day and half-lives ranged from 17.395-44.971 days, whereas landfarming had a rate constant of 0.008 and half-life of 83.094. Natural attenuation had the lowest k (0.007) and longest half-life (t½) of 94.8 days. Significant differences in means were observed among treatments (control, biocarb, and bicarb + grafted clays) at p ≤ 0.05, suggesting that treatment caused oil decrease in microcosms for biocarb + grafted clays. Grafted clays plus biocarb show potential for combined remediation of oil-contaminated soil.CONCLUSION: One primary indicator used to assess treatments’ efficacy is oil reduction, calculated using difference in oil content in soil before and after remediation. This shows that oil can be quickly removed from oil-contaminated soil by using biocarb + grafted South Luangwa with 80 percent oil reduction. Results suggest that photochemical oxidation may be used to effectively degrade oil and shorten remediation time. Photochemical oxidation is environmentally friendly and degrades oil faster than landfarming. Zambia’s Mopani Copper Mines can consider adopting photochemical oxidation as a remediation technique in treating oil-contaminated soil.

Heavy metal poisoning of soil from oil spills causes serious environmental problems worldwide. Various causes and effects of heavy metal pollution in the soil environment are discussed in this article. In addition, this study explores new approaches to cleaning up soil that has been contaminated with heavy metals as a result of oil spills. Furthermore, it provides a thorough analysis of recent developments in remediation methods, such as novel nano-based approaches, chemical amendments, bioremediation, and phytoremediation. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the removal of heavy metals from oil-contaminated soils. This review emphasizes on the integration of various approaches and the development of hybrid approaches that combine various remediation techniques in a synergistic way to improve sustainability and efficacy. The study places a strong emphasis on each remediation strategy that can be applied in the real-world circumstances while critically evaluating its effectiveness, drawbacks, and environmental repercussions. Additionally, it discusses the processes that reduce heavy metal toxicity and improve soil health, taking into account elements like interactions between plants and microbes, bioavailability, and pollutant uptake pathways. Furthermore, the current study suggests that more research and development is needed in this area, particularly to overcome current barriers, improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms, and investigate cutting-edge ideas that have the potential to completely transform the heavy metal clean up industry.

Methods for cleaning oil-contaminated areas include the use of sorbents, the effectiveness of which is enhanced by the immobilization of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms on their surface. Biogeosorbents are obtained on the basis of mineral raw materials (analcime- and glauconite-containing rocks and thermally activated vermiculite) and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Microbacterium extracted from contaminated soils of the Murmansk region. The number of immobilized bacteria on the studied carriers remains high throughout 9 months of storage, and the bacterial film on the surface of mineral carriers persists for 12 months of storage in an air-dry state. When storing biogeosorbents, no special conditions or additional preparation are required before use. Mineral carriers have a stimulating effect on the height of seedlings and the length of roots of test plants. When biogeosorbents are added, the number of bacteria capable of microbiological transformation of petroleum products increases, and the degree of soil purification from petroleum hydrocarbons at the initial stage (during the first 30 days) increases. The most effective is the introduction of thermally activated vermiculite and glauconite-containing rock with immobilized hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. The use of a biogeosorbent based on thermally activated vermiculite can reduce the cleaning time to 20–22 months, and based on glauconite-containing rock – up to 17 months, while without treatment this period will be at least 29 months.

This study aimed to address the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil by employing four different factorial setups: I - used the earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) for vermiremediation, II – utilized the bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa FA-7) for bioaugmentation, III – combined earthworms + bacteria to perform vermiremediation + bioaugmentation, and IV – served as abiotic control. Further, garden soil weighing 1 kg and 50 g of desiccated cow dung were introduced into the experimental groups and abiotic controls. Subsequently, different quantities of crude oil ranging from 5 to 20 mL were introduced. Based on the results, from 5 mL of oil-contaminated soil, the factorial setup-III removed the maximum proportion of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in V + B1 (58.06 %). The abiotic control treatments AC1 (1.11 %) exhibited the lowest TPH removal rate. The bioremediated soil had significantly (P

Petroleum and other oil manufacturing industries contribute to environmental pollution by releasing hazardous hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants offer a sustainable solution for mitigating oil pollution through emulsification processes, safeguarding agricultural soils, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. This study focuses on isolating, screening, and identifying actinomycetes producing biosurfactant from oil-polluted soil in the naval dockyard of Visakhapatnam. Biosurfactant production was successfully achieved utilizing Kim's medium, which was supplemented with olive oil serving as the carbon source. The evaluation involved preliminary identification tests, including oil displacement, Parafilm-M, and lipase activity assays, using sodium lauryl sulfate as the standard reference. Surface tension and emulsification index measurements were conducted, and the chemical composition of glycolipids and phospholipids was elucidated using phenol-sulfuric acid and phosphate assays. Glycolipids, specifically identified as rhamnolipids, were confirmed via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) testing and quantitatively analyzed using the orcinol method. The cell-free broth exhibited antagonistic activity against Gram-positive and negative bacilli.16S rRNA sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis was carried out by the NCIM, Pune, with the gene sequence being deposited in GenBank. Further characterization of isolate B2 included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical assays. This study highlights the ability of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei var. B2, isolated from oil-polluted soil, to produce biosurfactants, specifically glycolipids identified as rhamnolipids. Our findings represent the first reported instance of biosurfactant production from isolate B2 originating from the naval dockyard in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Basic Microbiology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The field-scale cleanup of weathered petroleum oil-contaminated soils from the Minas Oil Fields in Indonesia was investigated using landfarming bioremediation technology. Sawdust produced from palm fronds, trunks, and bushes was used as a bulking agent, fermented with manure from cow, goat, and chicken dung as amylolytic and cellulolytic source microflora. Petrophylic bacteria known for their capability to degrade PAH were used as augmented microflora along with stimulated local indigenous microflora overgrown onsite. The findings demonstrated that, albeit at varying rates, the inoculum of native and augmented microflora raised the total colony-forming units (CFU) and the rate at which total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were degraded in all contaminated soils treated in the soil bioremediation facilities (SBF). After 150 days of bioremediation operation, the bioremediation process for petroleum oil-contaminated soil effectively eliminated 165.79 kg of TPH from 2565 cubic meters of contaminated soil, with a recovery cost of 161 USD per cubic of treated soil. The initial average TPH concentration in the soil was 64,799 ± 9373 mg/kg and decreased to a lower concentration of 163 ± 74 mg/kg after bioremediation was completed. Both native and augmented petrophilic microflora showed significant growth over tenfold, with an average number of colonies at the initial stage of the bioremediation process ranging from 5.9 × 105 to 6.6 × 106 CFU per gram of soil. We show that a practical and affordable bioremediation technique is the onsite production of petrophylic microflora (both native and augmented) and compost from locally available biomass waste.