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Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we compared the introductory verbs of feelings in French (sentir, ressentir, éprouver) and in German (fühlen, empfinden, (ver)spüren) across the time in order to bring to light the affinities between these verbs. To this end, we measured the principal collocations of these verbs and determined for each verb the most salient ones. This allowed us to determine affinities between French and German verbs according to the time. We also noticed the kind of feelings, which are more connected to feeling auxiliary verbs, notably pain, joy and pleasure, whereas emotion words such as anger and fear are less present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic corpora have changed the research paradigm in many linguistic disciplines, allowing researchers to exploit large data based on real occurrences in authentic contexts. Using a large multilingual corpus (InterCorp, available online), this paper aims to present the changes of research paradigms brought on by corpora in two domains: contrastive linguistics and translation studies. On the basis of research results obtained by using this corpus, we demonstrate new research possibilities offered by parallel corpora, in particular bi-directional (multidirectional) analysis and the study of the specific features of the language of translation (translation universals).

EN: The aim of this paper is to identify and compare the distribution of the verbs say/dire/říci-říkat in reporting clauses placed medially or finally, and to analyze types of their equivalents in translations (French-English-Czech). Our hypothesis is that in translations from a language with a higher proportion of the neutral verbs say/dire/říci-říkat in reporting clauses into a language where their proportion is lower, the number of replacements of these verbs, especially using explicitation, will be higher than in the opposite direction of translation. The analysis is based on fiction texts from the InterCorp parallel corpus. FR: L’objectif du présent article est d’identifier et de comparer les proportions des verbes say/dire/ří- ci-říkat dans les propositions incises et d’analyser les types de leurs équivalents en traduction (français-anglais-tchèque). Nous avançons l’hypothèse que dans les traductions depuis des langues à proportion élevée de ces verbes de dire neutres dans les incises vers les langues où leur proportion s’avère moins élevée, les traducteurs auront davantage recours à l’explicitation ou à d’autres remplacements du verbe de dire neutre que dans l’autre sens de la traduction. L’analyse est basée sur le corpus parallèle InterCorp, limité aux textes littéraires.

Copyright of Synergies Pologne is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Educação Por Escrito is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tonos Digital: Revista de Estudios Filológicos is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annual Review of the Faculty of Philosophy / Godisnjak Filozofskog Fakulteta is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper offers a practical assessment of negative politeness techniques employed in 'The Blind Man', a short story by D.H. Lawrence. The research focuses on how language is utilized in the interactions between characters, with special attention given to the societal norms and power structures that are used in the story. The research reveals that the characters engage in negative politeness tactics, such as indirectness and hedging, to avoid offending while still communicating their intended message. Additionally, the analysis exposes that characters use negative politeness methods in diverse ways, with hedging emerging as the most prevalent tactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper attempts to establish the evidential character of the special prosodic configuration associated with direct reported discourse (DRD). A variety of expressive meanings have been commonly attributed to this marked prosodic configuration of DRD (such as expression of stance, emotion, mimicking, alignment). However, the concurrence of pragmatic/expressive meanings together with evidentiality is very frequent in ‘non-evidential’ languages like Spanish. Therefore, we argue that the prosody in DRD also signals ‘reported’ or ‘quoted’ discourse and, therefore, the presence of evidentiality. To provide evidence for this latter claim, 449 instances of DRD have been extracted from a corpus of (Iberian) Spanish colloquial conversations containing c. 150,000 words, and their prosodic behaviour has been observed. The data reveals a marked prosody in the majority of DRD instances in our corpus. Especial attention has been paid to the examples of DRD with no explicit introductory marks (e.g. verba dicendi ), since 100% of them are prosodically marked. Here, the marked prosody is the only indicator of the source of information. Consequently, it stops being a redundant trait (concomitant to the presence of introductory verbs or marks): it becomes prominent and its use is not optional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses a unique translation problem which translators from English into Arabic need to consider when inflecting the introductory verbs for the gender of in-text cited authors in scholarly books which use a style sheet that does not spell out the first name of authors in the list of references. Suppose a translator comes across the following sentence: 'Sander (1972) pointed out...', and that the reference list of the book provides E as the initial letter of the first name of Sander. Do we expect this sentence to be rendered into Arabic, a gender-specific language, as...ashaara saandar ( (1972...or...ashaarat saandar (1972)...? The reporting verbs...?ashaara and and...ashaarat show masculine and feminine inflection, respectively. As is clear, the readily available bibliographical information about Sander's first name does not tell the translator whether this author is a male, e.g., Erick Sander or a female, e.g., Emma Sander. Thus, this study seeks answers to the following questions: 1. Is it really the case that English-Arabic translations of scholarly works which do not spell out the first name of in-text cited authors suffer from gender-based problems associated with the reporting verbs? 2. If so, how does the translator, once aware of the scope of the problem, mange to resolve it in the absence of sufficient and self-explanatory information in the reference list where the in- text study is cited? he results show that English-Arabic translators tend to overlook the gender-based problem and inflect the reporting verbs using a masculine suffix whether the cited author is, in reality, a male or a female. he paper concludes with an experience-based proposal which may provide insights into addressing this problem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to describe the representation of orality in fiction by analysing utterances of direct speech. The didactic approach adopted here highlights the concept of “diamesic variation” which is at work in the process of adapting an oral conversation to a written transcription of a speech act. This study mainly analyses the semantics of introductory verbs announcing reported speech, and the composition of preposition and adverb phrases. It also focuses on the way punctuation contributes to representing oral conversations.

The article will attempt to verify the hypothesis stating that, in contemporary Polish (especially in colloquial language), syntactic structures containing two imperative verb forms may be defined as serial verb constructions (SVCs). As our starting point, we assume that structures such as idź głoś, idź się utop (lit. resp. 'go preach', 'go drown') which are the subject of our analysis, fall into the definition of SVC containing five components: compositionality, being monoclausal, the two verbs being independent and having no linking element and no predicate-argument relation between them. In the analysis that follows, we will concentrate on structures containing the element idź ('go') and discuss their characteristic features concerning prosody, morphology (mode and number adjustments), semantics and syntax. We consider those characteristics as non-standard, i.e. specific for those types of serial verb constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has often been claimed that conditionals have a special relation to modality. This study tests this claim empirically by examining the frequency of modal marking in a number of conditional and non-conditional structures using a corpus-based approach. It then seeks to provide explanations for the emerging frequency patterns in light of the tenets of two linguistic theories: Lexical Grammar and Construction Grammar. This juxtaposition was motivated by the substantial overlap in their tenets: both take into account meaning (semantic and pragmatic), as well as lexical and grammatical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Comunicación 'Vivat Academia' is the property of Facultad de Ciencias de las Informacion de la Universidad Complutense (Espana) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regarding such a complex issue as climate change, it is crucial to understand how specialised knowledge is conveyed to the public. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is often considered the main source of scientific knowledge on climate change. This paper aims at understanding how knowledge produced by the IPCC is disseminated in three types of documents, with various degrees of specialisation, Earth Negotiation Bulletins, United Nations reports and the general-interest press, over two time periods (2009-2010 and 2014-2017). To do so, the analysis combines the tools of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, which puts quantitative results in context. Identifying IPCC collocates enables to specify the context of use according to sub-corpora. This reveals that although the IPCC is referred to as a knowledge-provider in all corpora, there are variations as to the degree of trustworthiness given to the institution as well as to the amount of detail given on results. Looking at explicit quotations according to their theme, wording and type of reported speech confirms this. Recontextualization processes in the press corpora entail more reformulation and explanatory comments. The scientific nature of the work is made more explicit in the United Nations reports and Earth Negotiation Bulletins. Differences between the six sub-corpora can be analysed according to generic specificities and time frames revealing the increasingly central role of the IPCC as a trustworthy provider of scientific knowledge on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of evidence for the existence of fire temples in ancient Iran has been used as an argument for the absence of the concept of the "eternal fire" in the Avestan texts. However, a new analysis of the final section of the Long Liturgy shows that the fire was usually removed from the sacrificial area before the recitation of Yasna 62.7 and transported back to the "house of men" from which it had been taken. As such, the Long Liturgy partly appears as a functional equivalent of the bōy dādan ceremonies performed for the feeding of the fire at the fire temples in later times. This new reading of the final section of the liturgy is the result of a re-evaluation of the manuscripts, highlighting the shortcomings of previous editions of the Long Liturgy. Furthermore, the new interpretation approaches the Long Liturgy from a non Yasna-centric perspective, taking into account the Yasna as well as the Visperad (and other variants). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English, the most widely used and accepted language worldwide, is also the dominant language in scientific writing. To ensure that a publication has a wide reach, it should be written in a simple and concise manner, which requires a good command over the English language. However, this is an area of challenge for most medical writers in India. This article includes tips and tools that will help medical writers overcome these challenges, which will aid in better understanding of the audience and easier publication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have a closer look at dialogue in a representative set of texts from the Middle-earth legendarium in order to inspect the functional potential of dialogue and its world-building capacity. We combine corpusanalytical tools from linguistics with a cognitive approach. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of prominent linguistic features of selected examples of dialogic interaction (e.g. the Smaug-Bilbo colloquy from The Hobbit) points to salient differences in the setup and the function of the dialogues. The detected patterns eventually lead to a function-based classification into four main dialogue types in the Tolkien corpus under investigation, namely the bantering, personalising, story-propelling, and historicizing types. These types are modelled to cover the range of styles and topic dimensions from a micro- to a macro-level of systematic foregrounding, thus representing their complementary impact on world-building density and coherence. In this respect, there is a high potential for follow-up studies using eye-tracking methodology. Ultimately, our presented model is meant to offer opportunities for the study of dialogue as a versatile and strategic device in fictional literature beyond Tolkien. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Image & Narrative is the property of Image & Narrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with lexical ways of expressing explicit politeness forms in the German linguocultural community. Speech acts of greeting, saying good-bye, apologizing, thanking, requesting, giving advice, offering help and making invitations are used to analyze most frequent means of realization of explicit politeness, the latter acting in verbal communication as a graded phenomenon. The use of modal and introductory verbs, modal particles, adjectives, adverbs, distant and contact communication forms, specific politeness modificators are demonstrated to be most common lexical means of expressing the type of politeness under consideration. Frequency of use of different parts of speech in the structure of etiquette formulas in German allows us to situate politeness at one or another level (high - medium - low) i. e. etiquette units implement the category of explicit politeness with various degrees of intensity. The use of the forms expliciting varoius levels of politeness is connected with communicants' specific intentions, such as paying attention, showing interest, mitigating imposition, and implying further incentive to act. The German linguocultural community is characterized by frequent use of neutral forms of expressive speech acts and stylistically elevated forms of incentive statements representing undogmatic and nonurgent forms. To conclude, specific national peculiarities of explicit politeness in German liguoculture are formulated.

Copyright of Linguistica Pragensia (Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts) is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the development of evaluation in narratives from middle to late childhood, within the context of differentiating between spoken and written modalities. Two parallel forms of a picture story were used to elicit spoken and written narratives from fourth- and sixth-graders. It was expected that, in addition to an increase of evaluative devices with age, written narratives would exhibit a higher frequency and diversity as a result of the intrinsic differences between the two modalities. From a developmental perspective, the results showed that only few categories exhibited the expected increase with age. Qualitative analyses provided a fruitful method to illustrate developmental changes. The results further indicated that modality had the expected impact on the diversity, and on the frequency, of most categories of evaluative language. Specifically, markers of decontextualized language and categories with a high degree of syntactic complexity were prone to modality differences. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Linguistic corpora have changed the research paradigm in many linguistic disciplines, allowing researchers to exploit large data based on real occurrences in authentic contexts. Using a large multilingual corpus (InterCorp, available online), this paper aims to present the changes of research paradigms brought on by corpora in two domains: contrastive linguistics and translation studies. On the basis of research results obtained by using this corpus, we demonstrate new research possibilities offered by parallel corpora, in particular bi-directional (multidirectional) analysis and the study of the specific features of the language of translation (translation universals). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early modern diplomatic negotiation was conducted primarily through face-to-face encounters dominated by the oral medium, generally known as audiences. Yet ambassadors were very keen to take written records of the words spoken by themselves and their counterparts. This article considers the role of oral exchange in diplomatic audiences and the reasons why participants were so interested in recording and filing reports of those exchanges. This article begins with an analysis of diplomatic dispatches, the genre that has attracted most scholarship so far, but then goes on to trace the recording of audiences on the part of hosting sovereigns and their chanceries and secretaries. The article compares three examples: the transcripts of ambassadors’ speeches by fifteenth-century Florentine chancellors, the diaries of papal masters of ceremonies in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and, the most detailed example of audience records, the Esposizioni archive of thousands of ambassadorial speeches, replies and subsequent conversation, assembled by secretaries of the Venetian republic from the mid-sixteenth century onwards. These examples enable us to perceive oral culture in unexpected settings. Moreover, the Venetian case constitutes a typical example of archival transformation: an increase in quantity accompanied by a substantial and conscious improvement in preservation methods and retrieval tools. In order to explain this transformation, this article traces the uses that were intended and made of the records at the time, not just to report on current, but to inform future negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2006 and 2013 J. Kellens published in five volumes (the last one together with C. Redard) a corrected version of the text edited by K.F. Geldner of the longest and most important Zoroastrian ritual usually known by the name of one of its variants as the Yasna. The text accompanies an experimental translation and both are followed by a commentary. J. Kellens is pioneering in translating and studying, not only the standard daily variant of the liturgy, but also its more solemn version. Furthermore, his work is the first attempt to read the complete text of the liturgy as the coherent text (although produced at different times) of an old and meaningful liturgy, although it has been traditionally understood as a late composition. As it appears in the manuscripts and is celebrated still today in India, the liturgy is the result of a series of conscious interpretations, reinterpretations and rearrangements of older versions. Despite of this, it is a coherent text and ritual in which each section of the liturgy plays a concrete role that J. Kellens has tried to bring to light for the first time. In the present review, I try to highlight the extraordinary importance of Kellens' new approach to the Zoroastrian Long Liturgy and to expose his main achievements. At the same time, I expose the main weaknesses of this monumental work: 1. its dependence on the text edited by Geldner, which hides part of the ritual variety of the Long Liturgy; 2. the conscious disregard of the meta-ritual information provided by the Zoroastrian tradition about the performance of the liturgy; 3. J. Kellens's Yasna-centrism that prevents him to recognize the close connections between the Long Liturgy and other minor rituals and the participation within the Long Liturgy of many short rituals that can be celebrated independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines means for introducing direct speech in selected Late Latin texts with a focus on verbal ones. The most frequently used verbs are dicere in finite forms, ait and the present participle dicens. The introducers inquit, ait and dicens show signs of at least incipient stages of grammaticalization. Ait is almost completely reserved for introducing direct speech, inquit was already specialized in introducing direct speech in Classical Latin. Dicens often follows another finite verb of speech in the introductory clause, which results in more or less redundant introducing construction. It seems that ait and dicens are progressive at the expense of inquit, which decreases in frequency of use in comparison to Classical Latin. The examined texts show a tendency to place introducing verbs before direct speech, which is manifested by inquit inserted into direct speech, often combined with another verb of speech placed before the direct speech. Individual texts differ in various aspects, but the correlation with the choice of introducing verbs cannot be proved unambiguously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most acts of literary quotation in Suetonius are ironical reflections by emperor-characters on the burdens of imperial rule, deployed at transitional moments in the biographies. Consideration of literary performance traditions in Suetonius' society, from the classroom to the recitatio to the acroamata at dinner parties, allows us to understand these transitional quotations as moments in which Suetonius' listener is invited to sympathize with the emperor-character as a fellow enthusiast for literature. The biography of Nero reverses this scheme, as Nero's quotations bathetically distance him from the listener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is on the records written during an intensive assessment and rehabilitation course targeted at young adults suffering from severe mental health issues. The ability of the clients to cope with everyday life is assessed during the rehabilitation course and the final statement compiled by the keyworker includes the combined results of the assessments of each client. Using intertextual analysis, I examine these final statements and utilize the concepts of voice and direct and indirect reported speech. I ask how and what kinds of voices are used in final statement to assess the clients' progress during the course and to define the future development tasks for them. Firstly, it is shown that the final statements are multi-voiced texts. They are persuasive statements about the clients' development stories and descriptions of how the rehabilitation course practitioners have helped the client. Secondly, the analysis shows how voice and client knowledge are present in the final statement. The voices of assessment build the argument dialogically and highlight temporality, and in this way they produce a convincing description of the mental health client's current ability to function and progress on the rehabilitation course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]