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Aiming at the problems of complex and diversified communication networks in various emergency rescue scenarios and the independence of the command and communication systems of ordinary dispatch consoles, a SIP-based emergency communication console is proposed, which not only describes in detail the composition of the hardware modules of the console, but also elaborates on the application of SIP soft switching technology in the program. The console supports access to digital and analog communication networks to realize voice communication and multimedia video communication through wired and wireless broad band communication. Based on SIP soft switch technology, the concept of fully converged communication is proposed for the emergency communication needs under different emergency rescue scenarios to complete the unified command and dispatching, which provides a reference for the development direction of the emergency communication console.

Natural disasters can severely disrupt conventional communication systems, hampering relief efforts. High-altitude tethered balloon base stations (HATBBSs) are a promising solution to communication disruptions, providing wide communication coverage in disaster-stricken areas. However, a single HATBBS is insufficient for large disaster zones, and limited resources may restrict the number and energy capacity of available base stations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a cluster deployment of tethered balloons to form flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) as a backbone for post-disaster communications. A meta-heuristic-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is employed to optimize the placement of balloons and power control to maximize target coverage and system energy efficiency. Comparative analysis with a stochastic algorithm (SA) demonstrates that MOPSO converges faster, with significant advantages in determining optimal balloon placement. The simulation results show that MOPSO effectively improves network throughput while reducing average delay and packet loss rate.

Emergency communication networks play a vital role in disaster monitoring, transmission, and application during disaster emergency response (DER), however, the performance and stability of edge nodes in the emergency communication networks are often weak due to limited communication and computation resources. This weakness directly affects the quality of service (QoS) of the geospatial edge service (GES) chains involved in emergency monitoring. Existing research predominantly addresses service compositions in stable environments, neglecting the aggregation of efficient and robust GES chains in emergency communication networks. This study proposes an evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO)-based emergency monitoring GES chain in an emergency communication network. It includes a GES chain model of emergency environment monitoring for tailing areas, as well as the designs of the particle chromosome encoding method, fitness evaluation model, and particle chromosome swarm update operators of the EPSO-based GES chain. Finally, the study conducts emergency environment monitoring experiments for tailing areas using the proposed method. Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the efficiency, stability, and reliability of emergency monitoring GES chains in the emergency communication network. This is crucial to providing fast and reliable services for DER during natural disasters.

To carry out the system design and technology development for emergency communications, and greatly improve our ability of risk prevention and emergency disposal, the research on multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) cooperative channel model for emergency communications was carried out.First, the channel dataset of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications in two typical emergency environments, i.e., the urban earthquake and suburban blizzard, was established.The channel parameters and statistical properties of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were analyzed.Second, a more general geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) was proposed for multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.The channel impulse response (CIR) and the cooperative non-station arity of multi-UAV cooperative channels in the space and time domains in multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were calculated and captured.Finally, the channel characteristics of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communication in urban earthquake and suburban blizzard scenarios were analyzed, which could support the practical implementation of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.Meanwhile, the statistical characteristic of the proposed model can fit well with that of ray-tracing-based channel data, verifying the utility of the proposed model.

Emergency Communication Systems (ECS) are network-based systems that may enable people to exchange information during crises and physical disasters when basic communication options have collapsed. They may be used to restore communication in off-grid areas or even when normal telecommunication networks have failed. These systems may use technologies such as Low-Power Wide-Area(LPWAN) and Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN), which can be specialized as software applications and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. In this article, we present a comprehensive discussion of the existing ECS use cases and current research directions regarding the use of unconventional and hybrid methods for establishing communication between a specific site and the outside world. The ECS system proposed and simulated in this article consists of an autonomous wireless 4G/LTE base station and a LoRa network utilizing a hybrid IoT communication platform combining LPWAN and SD-WAN technologies. The LoRa-based wireless network was simulated using Network Simulator 3 (NS3), referring basically to firm and sufficient data transfer between an appropriate gateway and LP-WAN sensor nodes to provide trustworthy communications. The proposed scheme provided efficient data transfer posing low data losses by optimizing the installation of the gateway within the premises, while the SD-WAN scheme that was simulated using the MATLAB simulator and LTE Toolbox in conjunction with an ADALM PLUTO SDR device proved to be an outstanding alternative communication solution as well. Its performance was measured after recombining all received data blocks, leading to a beneficial proposal to researchers and practitioners regarding the benefits of using an on-premises IoT communication platform.

Emergency communication technologies and systems for mine post-disaster rescue scenarios generally use Wi-Fi as the relay and coverage solution. Due to the legal restrictions on continuous channel occupation time and the regulatory requirements for monitoring before access in unlicensed frequency bands, it is difficult to achieve extremely low latency. At the same time, multiple emergency communication devices in the same frequency band have co-frequency interference, which will affect the communication quality. 5G technology is oriented to public safety and Internet of Vehicles application scenarios, and defines Sidelink communication technology, which can realize low-latency and high-reliability direct communication between terminal devices. Aiming at the technical requirements of low-latency and high-reliability communication in mine emergency communication system, a mine emergency communication system architecture based on 5G Sidelink direct communication is proposed, and a mapping method between equipment identification and direct communication link time-frequency resource location is designed. The device transmits resource locations through pre-configured fronthaul links and backhaul links, and can communicate with adjacent front-end and back-end devices without establishing routing connections, and implement adjacent relays time-domain resources space division multiplexing by cyclically multiplexing and co-channel interference avoidance between devices. The method proposed in this paper can realize the relay networking mechanism without scheduling permission and simple routing and forwarding, realize the avoidance of co-channel interference under the space division multiplexing of transmission resources, and effectively improve the utilization efficiency of transmission resources. Under the conventional baseband parameters and networking configuration, the average air interface delay can reach 25 ms, which significantly reduces the transmission delay.

Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of maritime emergency communication is becoming increasingly critical. With their characteristics of high-speed mobility, broad coverage and flexibility, aircraft serve as carriers for emergency communication facilities. The selection of aircraft bases is paramount in meeting the requirement of rapid response for maritime emergency communication. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization model for site selection by considering the coverage capabilities of different carriers. The model incorporates hierarchical coverage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and helicopters with a genetic algorithm. Through a case study of the Bohai Sea, this paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

Emergency communication has the characteristics of strong sudden and uncertainty, to meet the requirements of flexible network planning, on the basis of different characteristics of diverse layered network to accomplish the modeling description, apply the deep reinforcement learning algorithm to implement network topology planning task, and enhance the generation efficiency through the algorithm optimization. According to the business characteristics and strategies to allocate the emergency communications network business resources, then achieve the complete emergency communications network planning, finally the emergency communications network planning model and the method is verified with high rationality and efficiency by a sample simulation, which provides a certain reference for the emergency communications network planning, which provides a certain reference for the emergency communications network planning.

In the study of "Effective Emergency Communication through Public Displays," our research indicates major advancements and problems in using public displays to disseminate essential information during crises. According to data research, there has been a 33% rise in the deployment of high-resolution 4K TVs, showing a technical change toward improved message visibility and clarity. Geographic distribution has improved, with a 10% increase in ideal placements in high-risk regions due to population density and vulnerability evaluations. Message design and content adherence to plain language standards, as well as the usage of visual aids and standardized symbols, have all increased by 5%. The psychological components of message reception highlight the necessity of simple language and high-resolution panels, as LED screens result in a 15% higher message understanding rate than LCD screens, while jargon-laden messages raise audience anxiety levels by 25%. Although resilience evaluations have shown a 15% increase in the existence of backup power supplies and a 10% rise in remote monitoring capabilities, 20% of installations still have physical vulnerabilities. These results suggest a complete strategy to improving the efficacy of public displays for emergency communication, highlighting the need of continual technological improvements and best practices to protect the safety and well-being of different groups during disasters.

This study combined network analysis with message-level content analysis to investigate patterns of information flow and to examine messages widely distributed on social media during Hurricane Irma of 2017. The results show that while organisational users and media professionals dominated the top 100 information sources, individual citizens played a critical role in information dissemination. Public agencies should increase their retweeting activities and share the information posted by other trustworthy sources; doing so will contribute to the timely exchange of vital information during a disaster. This study also identified the active involvement of nonprofit organisations as information brokers during the post-event stage, indicating the potential for emergency management organisations to integrate their communication efforts into those of nonprofit entities. These findings will inform emergency management practices regarding implementation of communication plans and policies, facilitate the embracement of new partner organisations, and help with establishing and sustaining effective communication ties with a wide range of stakeholders., (© 2024 The Author(s). Disasters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of ODI.)

Emergency communication is a key link to ensure the stable operation of communication networks. And large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can significantly improve coverage of communication systems. This work aims to optimize the backhaul process through deep neural network to improve the response speed and data transmission efficiency of base stations. Specifically, the proposed method uses deep neural network to represent the backhaul process of base stations, and explores data transmission under high efficiency and low delay. Simulation experiments are designed to verify performance advantages of the proposed method in large-scale MIMO wireless ad hoc networking scenarios, by using three comparison metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a significant performance improvement in data transmission rate, system stability and resource utilization compared with traditional methods. Besides, the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm in practical application are verified by simulation and actual environment test. To sum up, the proposed algorithm can provide a new direction for the technical research in the field of emergency communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]