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We consider system and subsystems of spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher of physical culture to the surrounding objective and subjective reality, including relations to yourself. We give a structural and substantive characteristic in the course of education in a secondary or higher educational institution, in which such specialists are trained. In structuring the spiritual and effective relations of students - future teachers of physical culture on subsystems we use philosophical and psychological methodology: systemic and structural, activity, subjective, personal-oriented and relative approaches. We identify in the system of relations, which include the future teacher of physical culture at the educational institution, the following subsystems of spiritual and effective relations: the first subsystem of spiritual and practical relations is the attitude of the subject to various types of student life activity, the second subsystem of the spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher to the mass media, the third subsystem of spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher of physical culture to other people, the fourth subsystem of the student’s spiritual and practical relations to social groups, the fifth subsystem of the subject’s spiritual and effective relations to material reality, the sixth subsystem of relations to subjective reality, the seventh subsystem of spiritual and effective relations of the subject to his Self, to his inner world.

Study of causal relationships between vegetative status and inflammatory factors (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (CRPhs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the formation of essential arterial hypertension in children established the heterogeneity of the ergo- and trophotropic effects of the autonomic nervous system on the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the level of cortisol. The clinical course of essential arterial hypertension in children is manifested by functional abnormalities, tense functioning of the autonomic nervous system, subclinical inflammation with an increase in the level of TNF-α, CRP-hs and a decrease in IL-10, which has features depending on the form of essential arterial hypertension. Increased secretion of cortisol in the group of children with arterial hypertension and the establishment of correlations different from the control and comparative groups between the studied parameters indicate a changed in the stressrealizing system of the body with overstrain of the neuroendocrine channel of blood pressure regulation with the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which is the trigger mechanism for the formation of arterial hypertension. These changes, apparently, are characteristic of chronic stress of inflammatory genesis, which determine the pathogenetic significance in the development of essential arterial hypertension in children.

In [20] it was argued against the orthodox definition of quantum entanglement in terms of pure and separable states. In this paper we attempt to discuss how the logos categorical approach to quantum mechanics [18, 19] is able to provide an objective formal account of the notion of entanglement --completely independent of both purity and separability-- in terms of the potential coding of intensive relations and effective relations. We will show how our novel redefinition allows us to provide an anschaulich content to the notion of entanglement, erasing in this way the "spookiness" still present within its orthodox understanding in terms of space-time separated collapse particles., Comment: This paper is an extended version of the arguments and definitions presented in the second part of arXiv:1807.08344

Секция 6. Психосоциальная адаптация в трансформирующемся обществе: коммуникация, социализация и психическое развитие личности В статье рассматриваются особенности комплаентных отношений профессионалов и родителей, имеющих детей с отклонениями в развитии. Традиционное определение комплаенса, или приверженности лечению, распространяется на практику оказания помощи детям с отклонениями в развитии. На основании результатов эмпирического исследования, проведенного с матерями детей раннего возраста с психоневрологической патологией, определено содержание высокого и низкого уровня комплаенса. Установлено, что низкий уровень комплаентности отражает общие проблемы отношений родителей и профессионалов, когда последние ориентируются на медицинскую модель инвалидности и реализуют патерналистскую модель отношений с пациентами. Низкий уровень комплаентности проявляется в неэффективной помощи ребенку, а также способствует эмоциональному выгоранию профессионалов. Сделан вывод о необходимости перестройки отношений профессионалов и родителей с патерналистской модели на диалогическую модель, или модель участия. The article discusses the peculiarities of the compliant relationships between professionals and parents who have children with developmental disabilities. The traditional definition of compliance, or adherence to treatment, extends to the practice of supporting children with disabilities. Based on the results of an empirical study conducted with the mothers of young children with neuropsychiatric pathology, the content of high and low levels of compliance was determined. It has been established that a low level of compliance reflects the general problems of relations between parents and professionals, when the latter are guided by the medical model of disability and implement the paternalistic model of relations with patients. The low level of compliance is manifested in the ineffective support of the child, and also contributes to the emotional burnout of professionals. The conclusion is made about the need to restructure the relations of professionals and parents from the paternalistic model to the dialogical model, or the model of participation.

Objective: Interpersonal conflicts, such as marital conflicts are among the most commonly-reported reasons for self-harm and suicide. This study aimed to investigating suicidal ideation, marital discord, and decrease effective relations among women from Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with participation of 923 married women aged 18 to 59 years from Gilan-e Gharb County, the west part of Iran in 2017. Data gathering tool was a four part questionnaire included questions about participant's demographic variables, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, questionnaire of Decrease Effective Relations in spouses, and questions about marital discord. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19 software, using Independent T-test, and Chi square at a 95% confidence level. Results: The subjects’ mean age was 37.28±9.58 years. Out of 923 participants, 345 women (37.4%) had some degree of suicidal ideation. The mean score of suicidal ideation in all of participants was 5.84±7.55 while in 345 suicide ideators was 15.1±3.4. Women with suicidal ideation had higher mean score of Decrease Effective Relations compared to women without suicidal ideation. Also three items of marital discord including conflict with spouse, physical conflict with the spouse and official application for divorce, were higher in suicidal ideators significantly. Conclusion: The present study concluded that suicidal ideation and decrease effective relations were high and notable among understudied women. Also this study showed that decrease effective relations and marital discord in suicidal ideators are higher than the women without suicidal ideation. Therefore the further studies are recommended to focus on designing and delivering suicide prevention programs tailored to resolve marital conflict.

Effective constitutive relations for waves in composites with random microstructure were proposed by Willis (2009) as relations between ensemble averages of stress and momentum, and “effective” strain and velocity which were related to a weighted ensemble average of displacement, and results of an example one-dimensional calculation were presented, explicitly demonstrating the possibility of coupling between mean stress and effective velocity, and mean momentum density and effective strain, even in the long-wavelength (or homogenization) limit. Relations of this type have recently been recognized to be inevitably non-unique, and a quite general prescription for defining unique relations has been advanced ( Willis, 2011 ). The present work compares and contrasts the effective relations obtained by either formulation, for the example considered in 2009. The work of 2009 is generalized to the extent that the constituent materials are taken to have some dissipation. It emerges explicitly that an “effective elastic constant” obtained by the method of 2009 can display an apparent energy gain rather than loss. This is not the only term that contributes, however, and it is shown that the effective material remains dissipative, as it should. It is also confirmed, both theoretically and in the computation, that either formulation leads to exactly the same mean stress and momentum density, and to the same dissipation.

Milton and Willis [Milton, G.W., Willis, J.R., 2007. On modifications of Newton’s second law and linear continuum elastodynamics. Proc. R. Soc. A 463, 855–880] have recently discussed the general form of constitutive relations that should apply for the description of the dynamics of media with microstructure below the scale of measurement, and concluded that these relations should have the form, somewhat generalized, of effective relations for composites implied by a formulation of Willis [Willis, J.R., 1981. Variational and related methods for the overall properties of composites. In: Yih, C.S. (Ed.), Advances in Applied Mechanics, vol. 21. Academic Press, New York, pp. l–78; Willis, J.R., 1981. Variational principles for dynamic problems for inhomogeneous elastic media, Wave Motion 3, 1–11]. Whereas for a general composite (treated as a random medium), these relations can only be found at some level of approximation, they can be found exactly for a laminate with periodic microstructure, restricted to one-dimensional propagation normal to the lamination, for which Floquet theory is available. Such a medium becomes random if it is randomly translated: the exact position of any one interface is then not known, and ensemble averages may correspondingly be calculated. Example calculations demonstrate, completely explicitly, that “effective modulus” and “effective density” are operators, non-local in space and time; furthermore, if the medium does not display symmetry under reflection, mean stress is coupled not only to mean strain but also to mean velocity, and mean momentum density is likewise coupled not only to mean velocity but also to mean strain. A precisely similar structure applies to the propagation of electromagnetic waves: the effective medium is non-local and bi-anisotropic. The same structure is preserved under a generalized formulation, applicable to cases where only some component of the microstructure is observable.

Implications of a recent general formulation for the effective dynamic response of a composite, in which “effective displacement” is defined as a weighted average, which could, for instance, be an average over the matrix material, are developed. A general formula is already known [J.R. Willis, Effective constitutive relations for waves in composites and metamaterials, Proc. R. Soc. A 467 (2011) 1865–1879], but it is expressed in terms of the Greenʼs function of the actual composite. A corresponding formula, expressed relative to a comparison medium, is developed here. The property of self-adjointness of the problem for the actual medium is transmitted to the corresponding problem for the “effective medium”. This permits, in the case of self-adjointness, variational characterizations of the effective response, both directly and in a formulation of “Hashin–Shtrikman” type relative to a comparison medium. The exposition is for waves in a viscoelastic composite but it applies equally to other physical examples, including electromagnetic waves.

A system of effective relations is developed for the mean dynamic response of a solid containing cracks, which introduce nonlinearity arising from unilateral constraints. The system consists of the averaged equation of motion supplemented by a constitutive relation containing an internal variable defining the mean opening of the cracks. This is governed by an evolution law, which connects the macroscopic and microscopic response via a nonlocal relation rendered nonlinear through the requirement that the cracks are traction-free when open but transmit normal stress when closed. An equivalent formulation in the form of a variational inequality with a hereditary term is developed and discussed. This provides an exact formulation of the influence of the cracks on the resulting field. It also assists the development of a simple approximation to the solution of the microscopic problem, which provides a simple “idealised” set of effective relations that retain the main features of the full model and at the same time can be easily treated numerically. In the limit of very slow deformations, the model reduces to one of an elastic body displaying different moduli in tension and compression. Example problems are solved, both for the “bilinear” model and the new model with the hereditary term. This term introduces some new features, in particular the damping of shocks that would be predicted by the bilinear model, transforming them instead into localised bands.

In this paper, fibre-reinforced media are analysed. The distribution of the fibres is assumed random. A combination of deterministic and configuration-dependent body forces is considered. In this case, several non-local effective constitutive operators must be taken into account in order to define the mean response of the material. For two phase composites, expressions for all these operators have been obtained and in the case of fibre-reinforced materials Hashin–Shtrikman type bounds are explicitly developed in the real and the Fourier space. Finally, a periodic distribution of fibres is studied as an example.

An infinite domain occupied by composite material is considered. The composite is treated as random. The stress, strain and displacement fields within it are produced by body force with two types of components. One is deterministic while the other depends on the particular realisation of the medium as would be the case, for instance, under gravity loading, so that the distribution of a density (physical or otherwise) enters the problem, as well as the distribution of elastic constants. This feature introduces additional constitutive operators defining the mean response of the body. Besides the usual (non-local) effective modulus operator, there is another operator that provides a contribution to the mean stress from the fluctuating part of the density, and one more that accounts for the non-zero contribution to the mean energy from the interaction of the fluctuating part of the stress field with itself. Bounds of Hashin–Shtrikman type are developed which provide restrictions on all these operators, in real space and in the transform domain. The formalism also provides direct Hashin–Shtrikman approximations for the non-local operators.

Let A be a commutative ring. We denote by a standard A -algebra a commutative graded A -algebra U =[oplus ] n [ges ]0 U n with U 0 = A and such that U is generated as an A -algebra by the elements of U 1 . Take x a (possibly infinite) set of generators of the A -module U 1 . Let V = A [ t ] be the polynomial ring with as many variables t (of degree one) as x has elements and let f [ratio ] V → U be the graded free presentation of U induced by the x . For n [ges ]2, we will call the module of effective n-relations the A -module E ( U ) n = ker f n / V 1 · ker f n . The minimum positive integer r [ges ]1 such that the effective n -relations are zero for all n [ges ] r +1 is known to be an invariant of U . It is called the relation type of U and is denoted by rt( U ). For an ideal I of A , we define E ( I ) n = E ([Rscr ]( I )) n and rt( I )=rt( [Rscr ] ( I )), where [Rscr ]( I )= [oplus ] n [ges ]0 I n t n ⊂ A [ t ] is the Rees algebra of I . In this paper we give two descriptions of the A -module of effective n -relations. In terms of Andre–Quillen homology we have that E ( U ) n = H 1 ( A , U , A ) n (see 2·3). It turns out that this module does not depend on the chosen [ x ]. In terms of Koszul homology we prove that E ( U ) n = H 1 ([ x ], U ) n (see 2·4). Using these characterizations, we show later some properties on the module of effective n -relations and the relation type of a graded algebra. Our approach has connections with several earlier works on the subject (see [ 2 , 5–7 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 ]).