79 results on '"di Girolamo, F. G."'
Search Results
2. The Nutriss Study: A New Approach to Calibrate Diet and Exercise in Long-Term Space Missions to Maintain Body Fat, Muscle and Fluid Homeostasis
- Author
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Di Girolamo, F. G., primary, Biolo, G., additional, Fiotti, N., additional, Situlin, R., additional, Piacenza, C., additional, Lepore, P., additional, Fortezza, R., additional, Carrubba, E., additional, Pacelli, C., additional, Valentini, G., additional, Mascetti, G., additional, and Piccirillo, S., additional more...
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- 2020
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Catalog
3. The Impact of Diet on Lipoprotein(a) Levels.
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Stojko, Michał, Spychał, Aleksandra, Nikel, Kamil, Kołodziej, Rafał, and Zalejska-Fiolka, Jolanta
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DIETARY patterns ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,HIGH-fat diet ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,DIETARY fats - Abstract
Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, the impact of fat-based diets on its levels remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to assess and analyze current evidence on the impact of various types of fat-based diets on Lp(a) levels. Material and Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted on 9 July 2024, focusing on clinical and randomized trials published since 2000. Out of 697 identified studies, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Results: The findings suggest that modifications in fat-based diets, particularly concerning the type and amount of consumed fats and fatty acids, can significantly influence plasma Lp(a) levels. Diets rich in unsaturated fats, including polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, were associated with more favorable effects in lowering Lp(a) levels. In contrast, diets high in saturated fats were linked to elevated Lp(a) levels. However, these conclusions were not consistent across all studies considered. Conclusions: This work highlights the importance of a personalized dietary approach, considering both genetic predispositions and dietary habits. While diet alone may not drastically alter Lp(a) levels due to their strong genetic determination, a comprehensive strategy involving a healthy diet rich in unsaturated fats, regular physical activity, and effective weight management is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms through which different fats affect Lp(a) and to develop targeted dietary recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Controlled Coffee Intake Enhances Erythrocyte Deformability, Na,K-ATPase Activity, and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Healthy Young Adults.
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Radosinska, Dominika, Jasenovec, Tomas, Golianova, Alzbeta, Szadvari, Ivan, Vazan, Rastislav, Kovacicova, Ivona, Snurikova, Denisa, Vrbjar, Norbert, and Radosinska, Jana
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ERYTHROCYTE deformability ,ERYTHROCYTE membranes ,ACTIVE biological transport ,BODY composition ,YOUNG adults - Abstract
Background: Published studies suggest that regular coffee consumption may reduce the risk of various diseases. However, many of these studies relied on questionnaire-based data, limiting their ability to identify the specific biological mechanisms behind the observed effects. This study focuses on controlled coffee consumption among healthy young adults to clarify its effects on erythrocyte properties. The functional condition of erythrocytes is important as it affects both macro- and microcirculation. Additionally, since erythrocytes are not true cells, they are particularly sensitive to biochemical and biophysical changes when exposed to biologically active substances. Methods: After a washout period, 33 healthy young volunteers were asked to consume a standardized dose of a coffee beverage daily for 3 weeks. Basic hematological and body composition parameters were recorded before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte functional status was evaluated based on the following measurements: deformability, osmotic resistance, Na,K-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide production, along with monitoring oxidative stress markers. Results: After a coffee consumption period, both erythrocyte count and hematocrit value increased, while body composition remained unchanged. Erythrocyte deformability improved across a range of shear stress values typical of human circulation. This improvement was accompanied with enhanced Na,K-ATPase activity in erythrocyte membranes in the wide range of sodium ion concentrations, as well as increased nitric oxide production by erythrocytes. Additionally, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating a shift towards a more favorable antioxidant balance, was observed in erythrocytes following the coffee intake period. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that controlled coffee intake in healthy young adults can positively influence various indices of erythrocyte functional status. Although the observed statistically significant changes were modest, the findings consistently indicate a positive modulation of erythrocyte properties—cell deformability, oxidative resilience, and active membrane transport of cations—following coffee consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Inflammation and olfactory loss are associated with at least 139 medical conditions.
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Leon, Michael, Troscianko, Emily T., and Woo, Cynthia C.
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SMELL disorders ,MEMORY disorders ,INFLAMMATION ,MEMORY ,ATTENTION - Abstract
Olfactory loss accompanies at least 139 neurological, somatic, and congenital/hereditary conditions. This observation leads to the question of whether these associations are correlations or whether they are ever causal. Temporal precedence and prospective predictive power suggest that olfactory loss is causally implicated in many medical conditions. The causal relationship between olfaction with memory dysfunction deserves particular attention because this sensory system has the only direct projection to memory centers. Mechanisms that may underlie the connections between medical conditions and olfactory loss include inflammation as well as neuroanatomical and environmental factors, and all 139 of the medical conditions listed here are also associated with inflammation. Olfactory enrichment shows efficacy for both prevention and treatment, potentially mediated by decreasing inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Hepatoprotective Effects of Tamarix dioica Leaf Extracts on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.
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Ahmad Al-Matrafi, Tahani, Mohammedsaleh, Zuhair M., Moawadh, Mamdoh S., Aggad, Waheeb S., Almuhimed, Rawabi Mohamed, Alhuwaymil, Zamzam, Albalawi, Aishah E., Alsharif, Ifat, Almohaimeed, Hailah M., Alaryani, Fatima S., and Soliman, Mona H. more...
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Tamarix dioica leaves against paracetamol-induced toxicity. In this study, 36 albino mice were randomly grouped into six groups, each consisting of six mice: Group I (normal control), Group II (paracetamol-toxified), Group III (positive control with Silymarin @ 200 mg/Kg), Group IV (aqueous T. dioica extract @ 400 mg/Kg), Group V (methanolic T. dioica extract @ 400 mg/Kg), and Group VI (ethanolic T. dioica extract @ 400 mg/Kg). Hepatoprotective potential was assessed through liver function indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and total protein in blood serums), hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx in liver homogenate), and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, COX2), along with other liver biomarkers. Histopathological alterations in the liver were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The leaf extracts effectively restored liver function indicators and hepatic antioxidants to normal levels, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the elevated levels observed in the paracetamol control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a reversal of hepatoarchitecture was recorded. The study highlights the pronounced hepatoprotective effects of T. dioica leaf extracts against paracetamol-induced toxicity in albino mice. The extracts not only successfully normalized liver function indicators and hepatic antioxidants but also exhibited a significant reversal of hepatoarchitecture. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic value of T. dioica in mitigating liver disorders, emphasizing its promising role as a natural hepatoprotective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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7. Family Members' Explanatory Models of Cancer Anorexia–Cachexia.
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McClement, Susan
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THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,WEIGHT loss ,SELF-evaluation ,QUALITATIVE research ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,FOOD consumption ,MEDICAL personnel ,SKELETAL muscle ,WASTING syndrome ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MEDICAL care ,FATIGUE (Physiology) ,INTERVIEWING ,CANCER patients ,EMOTIONS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MATHEMATICAL models ,ANOREXIA nervosa ,PAIN management ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,NUTRITIONAL status ,COMMUNICATION ,QUALITY of life ,THEORY ,CACHEXIA ,TUMORS ,GROUNDED theory ,TUMOR classification ,TERMINALLY ill ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH care teams ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DIET ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
The experience of bearing witness to the lack of appetite and involuntary weight loss that characterizes cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome (CACS) is reported to be stressful for family members. Research identifies that family members engage in a wide range of behaviors in response to a relative who shows minimal interest in eating and is literally 'wasting away' before their eyes. Some families, though concerned about the symptoms of CACS, do not dwell excessively on the patient's nutritional intake while others continually harass the patient to eat and petition health care providers for aggressive nutritional interventions to eat in an attempt to stave off further physical deterioration. While studies have detailed how family members respond to a terminally ill relative with CACS, empirical work explicating the explanatory models of CACS that they hold is lacking. Explanatory models (EMs) reflect the beliefs and ideas that families have about why illness and symptoms occur, the extent to which they can be controlled, how they should be treated, and how interventions should be evaluated. To address this gap in the literature, a grounded theory study guided by Kleinman's Explanatory Model questions was conducted with 25 family members of advanced cancer patients. The core category of 'Wayfaring' integrates the key categories of the model and maps onto Kleinman's questions about CACS onset, etiology, natural course, physiological processes/anatomical structures involved, treatment, and the impacts of disease on patient and family. Findings suggest that a divergence between some biomedical constructions of CACS and explanatory models held by family members may fuel the family–health care provider conflict, thereby providing direction for communication with families about care of the patient with anorexia–cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Innovations in the Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Health: A Glimpse into the Future.
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Beausejour, Jonathan P., Knowles, Kevan S., Wilson, Abigail T, Mangum, L. Colby, Hill, Ethan C., Hanney, William J., Wells, Adam J., Fukuda, David H., Stout, JeffreyR., and Stock, Matt S.
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SKELETAL muscle physiology ,HEALTH literacy ,PAIN measurement ,MEDICAL technology ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases ,BODY composition ,GAIT disorders ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,MUSCLE strength ,ATHLETIC ability ,PUBLIC health ,OBESITY ,SARCOPENIA ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the human body and plays critical roles in athletic performance, mobility, and disease pathogenesis. Despite growing recognition of its importance by major health organizations, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding skeletal muscle health and its crosstalk with nearly every physiological system. Relevant public health challenges like pain, injury, obesity, and sarcopenia underscore the need to accurately assess skeletal muscle health and function. Feasible, non-invasive techniques that reliably evaluate metrics including muscle pain, dynamic structure, contractility, circulatory function, body composition, and emerging biomarkers are imperative to unraveling the complexities of skeletal muscle. Our concise review highlights innovative or overlooked approaches for comprehensively assessing skeletal muscle in vivo. We summarize recent advances in leveraging dynamic ultrasound imaging, muscle echogenicity, tensiomyography, blood flow restriction protocols, molecular techniques, body composition, and pain assessments to gain novel insight into muscle physiology from cellular to whole-body perspectives. Continued development of precise, non-invasive tools to investigate skeletal muscle are critical in informing impactful discoveries in exercise and rehabilitation science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. A critical examination of sport discipline typology: identifying inherent limitations and deficiencies in contemporary classification systems.
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Konopka, Magdalena Johanna, Keizer, Hans, Rietjens, Gerard, Zeegers, Maurice Petrus, and Sperlich, Billy
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CLASSIFICATION ,SPORTS ,ENDURANCE sports - Abstract
Exercise scientists (especially in the field of biomolecular research) frequently classify athletic cohorts into categories such as endurance, strength, or mixed, and create a practical framework for studying diverse athletic populations between seemingly similar groups. It is crucial to recognize the limitations and complexities of these classifications, as they may oversimplify the multidimensional characteristics of each sport. If so, the validity of studies dealing with such approaches may become compromised and the comparability across different studies challenging or impossible. This perspective critically examines and highlights the issues associated with current sports typologies, critiques existing sports classification systems, and emphasizes the imperative for a universally accepted classification model to enhance the quality of biomolecular research of sports in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. Mission beyond: The NUTRISS experiment on board the International Space Station
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Biolo, G., Di Girolamo, F. G., Fiotti, N., Situlin, R., Carrubba, E., Fortezza, R., Piacenza, C., Truscelli, G., Giovanni VALENTINI, Mascetti, G., and Piccirillo, S.
11. Metabolic monitoring for feedback dietary and exercise prescriptions in ISS. A proposal for the ISS4MARS project
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Biolo, G., Di Girolamo, F. G., NICOLA FIOTTI, Situlin, R., Piccirillo, S., Cotronei, V., Sacco, P., and Mascetti, G.
12. Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies.
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Deane, Colleen S., Piasecki, Matthew, and Atherton, Philip J.
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MUSCULAR atrophy ,SKELETAL muscle ,MUSCLE proteins ,MUSCLE mass ,EVIDENCE gaps - Abstract
Periods of skeletal muscle disuse lead to rapid declines in muscle mass (atrophy), which is fundamentally underpinned by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The complex interplay of molecular mechanisms contributing to the altered regulation of muscle protein balance during disuse have been investigated but rarely synthesised in the context of humans. This narrative review discusses human models of muscle disuse and the ensuing inversely exponential rate of muscle atrophy. The molecular processes contributing to altered protein balance are explored, with a particular focus on growth and breakdown signalling pathways, mitochondrial adaptations and neuromuscular dysfunction. Finally, key research gaps within the disuse atrophy literature are highlighted providing future avenues to enhance our mechanistic understanding of human disuse atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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13. Myths and Methodologies: Understanding the health impact of head down bedrest for the benefit of older adults and astronauts. Study protocol of the Canadian Bedrest Study.
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Hajj‐Boutros, Guy, Sonjak, Vita, Faust, Andréa, Balram, Sharmila, Lagacé, Jean‐Christophe, St‐Martin, Philippe, Divsalar, Donya Naz, Sadeghian, Farshid, Liu‐Ambrose, Teresa, Blaber, Andrew P., Dionne, Isabelle J., Duchesne, Simon, Kontulainen, Saija, Theou, Olga, and Morais, José A. more...
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OLDER people ,HEAD injuries ,BONE health ,ASTRONAUTS ,RESEARCH protocols - Abstract
Weightlessness during spaceflight can harm various bodily systems, including bone density, muscle mass, strength and cognitive functions. Exercise appears to somewhat counteract these effects. A terrestrial model for this is head‐down bedrest (HDBR), simulating gravity loss. This mirrors challenges faced by older adults in extended bedrest and space environments. The first Canadian study, backed by the Canadian Space Agency, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Canadian Frailty Network, aims to explore these issues. The study seeks to: (1) scrutinize the impact of 14‐day HDBR on physiological, psychological and neurocognitive systems, and (2) assess the benefits of exercise during HDBR. Eight teams developed distinct protocols, harmonized in three videoconferences, at the McGill University Health Center. Over 26 days, 23 participants aged 55–65 underwent baseline measurements, 14 days of −6° HDBR, and 7 days of recovery. Half did prescribed exercise thrice daily combining resistance and endurance exercise for a total duration of 1 h. Assessments included demographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, bone health, body composition, quality of life, mental health, cognition, muscle health and biomarkers. This study has yielded some published outcomes, with more forthcoming. Findings will enrich our comprehension of HDBR effects, guiding future strategies for astronaut well‐being and aiding bedrest‐bound older adults. By outlining evidence‐based interventions, this research supports both space travellers and those enduring prolonged bedrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. The Relationship of Hedonic Hunger, Macronutrient Balance, Nutrition Knowledge, and Body Image and Weight Control with Dietary Intake in Student Athletes and Exercisers.
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Janiczak, Amy, Forsyth, Adrienne, Li, Xia, and Trakman, Gina
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Dietary intake is known to impact athletic performance. The factors that influence dietary intake have been investigated widely, but their collective effect has not been examined. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between dietary intake and nutrition knowledge, body image, weight control, macronutrient balance, and hedonic hunger. Forty-two student athletes or active individuals were recruited through contact with sporting organisations and course coordinators, advertising via twitter, and flyers posted within university buildings. Nutrition knowledge, body image, weight control, macronutrient balance, and hedonic hunger were measured using the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire, Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire and Contour Drawing Rating Scale, a Weight Fluctuation Measure, Australian Eating Score, and Power of Food Scale, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis, correlation testing, and mean difference testing were applied. Carbohydrate intake, body image disturbance scores, weight fluctuation, and hedonic hunger for food tasted had a significant relationship (R
2 = 64.6%, Adj R2 = 0.608%, p < 0.001) with dietary energy intake. Student athletes' dietary intakes are influenced by multiple potentially modifiable factors. Future studies should use larger sample sizes, with interventions focusing on individual modifiable factors to determine how dietary intake can be most significantly impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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15. Neuromuscular mechanisms for the fast decline in rate of force development with muscle disuse - a narrative review.
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Ruggiero L and Gruber M
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The removal of skeletal muscle tension (unloading or disuse) is followed by many changes in the neuromuscular system, including muscle atrophy and loss of isometric maximal strength (measured by maximal force, F
max ). Explosive strength, i.e. the ability to develop the highest force in the shortest possible time, to maximise rate of force development (RFD), is a fundamental neuromuscular capability, often more functionally relevant than maximal muscle strength. In the present review, we discuss data from studies that looked at the effect of muscle unloading on isometric maximal versus explosive strength. We present evidence that muscle unloading yields a greater decline in explosive relative to maximal strength. The longer the unloading duration, the smaller the difference between the decline in the two measures. Potential mechanisms that may explain the greater decline in measures of RFD relative to Fmax after unloading are higher recruitment thresholds and lower firing rates of motor units, slower twitch kinetics, impaired excitation-contraction coupling, and decreased tendon stiffness. Using a Hill-type force model, we showed that this ensemble of adaptations minimises the loss of force production at submaximal contraction intensities, at the expense of a disproportionately lower RFD. With regard to the high functional relevance of RFD on one hand, and the boosted detrimental effects of inactivity on RFD on the other hand, it seems crucial to implement specific exercises targeting explosive strength in populations that experience muscle disuse over a longer time., (© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.) more...- Published
- 2024
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16. Off-target effects of statins: molecular mechanisms, side effects and the emerging role of kinases.
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Liepinsh E, Fredriksson R, Alsehli AM, Williams MJ, Dambrova M, Jönsson J, and Schiöth HB
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- Humans, Animals, Protein Kinases metabolism, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors adverse effects, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Abstract
Statins are one of the most important classes of drugs. In this analytical review, we elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms and toxicological rationale regarding both the on- (targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase [HMGCR]) and off-target effects of statins. Statins interact with a number of membrane kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), as well as cytosolic kinases, such as SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Src) and show inhibitory activity at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, they interact with calcium ATPases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα/NR1C1) at higher concentrations. Statins interact with mitochondrial complexes III and IV, and their inhibition of coenzyme Q10 synthesis also impairs the functioning of complexes I and II. Statins act as inhibitors of kinases, calcium ATPases and mitochondrial complexes, while activating PPARα. These off-target effects likely contribute to the side effects observed in patients undergoing statin therapy, including musculoskeletal symptoms and hepatic effects. Interestingly, some off-target effects of statins could also be the cause of favourable outcomes, relating to repurposing statins in conditions such as inflammatory disorders and cancer., (© 2024 The Author(s). British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.) more...
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- 2024
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17. Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares: una revisión narrativa.
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Beatriz Godoy-Valderrama, Norys, Aguilar Vásquez, Ramón, and Valero Cedeño, Nereida Josefina
- Abstract
Copyright of UNESUM-Ciencias is the property of Revista UNESUM-Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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18. Why Are Masters Sprinters Slower Than Their Younger Counterparts? Physiological, Biomechanical, and Motor Control Related Implications for Training Program Design.
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Pickering, Craig, Hicks, Dylan, and Kiely, John
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SPORTS injury prevention ,RESISTANCE training ,NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ,AGE distribution ,PSYCHOLOGY of movement ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,NEUROMUSCULAR system ,OLDER athletes ,HUMAN services programs ,DIET therapy ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,MUSCLE strength ,AGING ,ATHLETIC ability ,BIOMECHANICS ,ELITE athletes ,SPRINTING - Abstract
Elite sprint performances typically peak during an athlete's 20s and decline thereafter with age. The mechanisms underpinning this sprint performance decline are often reported to be strength-based in nature with reductions in strength capacities driving increases in ground contact time and decreases in stride lengths and frequency. However, an as-of-yet underexplored aspect of Masters sprint performance is that of age-related degradation in neuromuscular infrastructure, which manifests as a decline in both strength and movement coordination. Here, the authors explore reductions in sprint performance in Masters athletes in a holistic fashion, blending discussion of strength and power changes with neuromuscular alterations along with mechanical and technical age-related alterations. In doing so, the authors provide recommendations to Masters sprinters—and the aging population, in general—as to how best to support sprint ability and general function with age, identifying nutritional interventions that support performance and function and suggesting useful programming strategies and injury-reduction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
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19. Sarcopenia and Hypoxia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
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Kim, Jinseung, Lee, Ho-Joon, Lee, Dong Ah., and Park, Kang Min
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SLEEP apnea syndromes ,SARCOPENIA ,OXYGEN saturation ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,HYPOXEMIA - Abstract
Objectives. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a variety of health issues. Both OSA and sarcopenia are associated with metabolic disorders; however, there is limited literature assessing the correlation between them. Therefore, we aimed to investigate sarcopenia using temporal muscle thickness (TMT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the association between sarcopenia and hypoxia. Methods. We enrolled patients with OSA and healthy controls. Both groups underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, including three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. TMT, a marker for sarcopenia, was obtained based on the T1-weighted imaging and compared between the groups. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between TMT and clinical factors in patients with OSA. Results. In total, 40 patients with OSA and 52 healthy controls were evaluated. There was no difference in TMT between patients with OSA and healthy controls (10.425 ± 2.13 vs. 10.400 ± 1.94 mm, p = 0.953). In the correlation analysis, age was negatively correlated with TMT (r = − 0.356 , p = 0.023), and lowest oxygen saturation (r = − 0.558 , p < 0.001) in patients with OSA. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated negative correlations between TMT and lowest oxygen saturation in the patients with OSA. These findings suggest potential relationships between sarcopenia and hypoxia in patients with OSA. Thus, these results underline the importance of maintaining oxygen saturation in patients with OSA by implementing active treatment. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of sarcopenia assessment by measuring TMT through conventional head MRI in patients with various neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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20. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITION IN INFANCY AND SELECTED MARKERS OF HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE SET OF FEMALES.
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Fatrcová-Šramková, Katarína, Juríková, Tȕnde, and Schwarzová, Marianna
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NUTRITION ,BREAST milk ,ADULTS ,BODY mass index ,CHILDBIRTH - Abstract
Nutrition by breast milk has many significant benefits for the health of individuals from both a shortterm and a long-term perspective. The aim of the research was to evaluate nutrition in infancy and possible determined factors of nutrition in females retrospectively. The specific aim was to comparatively evaluate the parameters of health and nutritional status in adulthood in groups with different types of nutrition in infancy. It was used questionnaire method, anthropometric data (linear and circumferential body parameters) and body composition were measured by a Bodystat Quadscan 4000 device (Bodystat Ltd, Doubles, UK). The Software Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) was used for statistical processing. In the group of 152 females (20 - 27 years, 22.66 ± 1.19 years), 49.3% (group A) were exclusively breastfed for < 3 months, and 50.7% (group B) for = 3 months. In group A there were the most females with duration >2 months (45.3%) and in group B >6 months (64.9%). There was a significant difference in A Body Shape Index - ABSI (p < 0.01) between groups in contrast to Waist-to-Hip Ratio - WHR, and Body Mass Index - BMI. There was no significant difference between the groups in the occurrence of risk values for waist circumference (14.5% of the set), % body fat (25.0%), BMI or WHR (15.1%). Birth on the planned date was in group A in 63.5% and in group B in 68.6%, and surgical method of birth in 5.88% and 10%. Skin-to-skin contact was practiced after the childbirth in 37.3% and 53.2% of the individual groups. The number of older siblings was similar, but duration of breastfeeding of siblings was significantly longer in group B versus group A (4.23 ± 4.33 versus 10.56 ± 9.20 months). We confirmed several significant differences in the investigated indicators in the groups of females with different duration of breast milk feeding in infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
21. Cancer knocks you out by fasting: Cachexia as a consequence of metabolic alterations in cancer.
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Cortellino S, D'Angelo M, Quintiliani M, and Giordano A
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Neoplastic transformation reprograms tumor and surrounding host cell metabolism, increasing nutrient consumption and depletion in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors uptake nutrients from neighboring normal tissues or the bloodstream to meet energy and anabolic demands. Tumor-induced chronic inflammation, a high-energy process, also consumes nutrients to sustain its dysfunctional activities. These tumor-related metabolic and physiological changes, including chronic inflammation, negatively impact systemic metabolism and physiology. Furthermore, the adverse effects of antitumor therapy and tumor obstruction impair the endocrine, neural, and gastrointestinal systems, thereby confounding the systemic status of patients. These alterations result in decreased appetite, impaired nutrient absorption, inflammation, and shift from anabolic to catabolic metabolism. Consequently, cancer patients often suffer from malnutrition, which worsens prognosis and increases susceptibility to secondary adverse events. This review explores how neoplastic transformation affects tumor and microenvironment metabolism and inflammation, leading to poor prognosis, and discusses potential strategies and clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.) more...
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- 2024
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22. Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?
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Louis, Julien, Vercruyssen, Fabrice, Dupuy, Olivier, and Bernard, Thierry
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OLDER athletes ,AGING ,DIET ,INGESTION ,MUSCLE strength ,DIETARY proteins ,NUTRITION services - Abstract
Master athletes are often considered exemplars of successful aging, thanks to their capacity to maintain a high sports performance during their entire life. A high training capacity, regular participation in sporting competitions, and delayed alterations in body composition and physiological capacities have been listed among the main factors contributing to impressive master athletes' performances.However, there is a paucity of data on themetabolismand dietary habits ofmaster athletes, and the question ofwhether they need to adapt their nutrition to the aging process remains open. Herein, the authors presented a contemporary overview of the metabolic challenges associatedwith aging, including the risk of low energy availability, anabolic resistance, and periods ofmetabolic crisis due to forced immobilization. After assembling scientific evidence to show that master athletes must adapt their dietary intake, the authors proposed a summary of nutritional recommendations for master athletes and suggested the next stage of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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23. Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest.
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Šlosar, Luka, Peskar, Manca, Pišot, Rado, and Marusic, Uros
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NEUROBIOLOGY ,PROPRIOCEPTION ,VIRTUAL reality ,CONVALESCENCE ,BED rest ,POSTURAL balance ,BIOFEEDBACK training ,SENSORY stimulation ,COGNITIVE rehabilitation ,PARKINSON'S disease ,BEDRIDDEN persons ,VISUALIZATION ,CEREBRAL palsy ,MOTOR ability - Abstract
Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions such as cognitive training, motor imagery, and action observation have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating or improving not only cognitive but also motor outcomes in bedridden patients. Recent technological advances have opened new opportunities to implement such non-physical interventions in semi- or fully-immersive environments to enable the development of bed rest countermeasures. Extended Reality (XR), which covers augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), can enhance the training process by further engaging the kinesthetic, visual, and auditory senses. XR-based enriched environments offer a promising research avenue to investigate the effects of multisensory stimulation on motor rehabilitation and to counteract dysfunctional brain mechanisms that occur during prolonged bed rest. This review discussed the use of enriched environment applications in bedridden patients as a promising tool to improve patient rehabilitation outcomes and suggested their integration into existing treatment protocols to improve patient care. Finally, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the positive cognitive and motor effects of an enriched environment are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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24. Körperliche Inaktivität und Rückenschmerz.
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Grenier, Jean-Pascal
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- 2023
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25. The use of tensiomyography in older adults: a systematic review.
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Pus, Katarina, Paravlic, Armin H., and Šimunič, Boštjan
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OLDER people ,MALE athletes ,NEUROMUSCULAR system physiology ,PERIPHERAL vascular diseases ,BICEPS femoris ,LEG muscles - Abstract
Introduction: Aging of skeletal muscles results in a cascade of events negatively affecting muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to reduced mobility, increased risk of falls, disability, and loss of independence. To date, different methods are used to assess muscle mechanical function, tensiomyography (TMG) being one of them. The aim of this review was twofold: to summarize the evidence-based usefulness of tensiomyography in older adults and to establish reference values for the main tensiomyography parameters in older adults. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and tensiomyography databases were searched from inception until 25 December 2022. Studies investigating older adults (aged 60+ years) that reported tensiomyographyderived parameters such as contraction time (Tc) and/or maximal displacement (Dm) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: In total, eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Tensiomyography has been used on different groups of older adults, including asymptomatic, master athletes, patients with peripheral arterial disease, and patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis with a mean age of 71.5 ± 5.38 (55.7% male subjects). The most evaluated were leg muscles such as vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and biceps femoris (BF). The present review demonstrates that tensiomyography is used to assess neuromuscular function in asymptomatic and diseased older adults. When compared to asymptomatic individuals, power master athletes, knee osteoarthritis patients, and patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease have the shortest Tc in BF, VL, and GM muscles, respectively. On the other hand, endurance master athletes showed the longest Tc in all three evaluated muscles. Less mobile, nursing-home residents showed higher Dm in VL and BF, while lower Dm in GM than the asymptomatic group. The knee osteoarthritis group showed the largest Dm in BF and VL while having the smallest Dm in GM. Conclusion: Tensiomyography can serve as a valuable tool for assessing neuromuscular function in older adults. The method is sensitive to muscle composition, architecture, and (pre) atrophic changes of the skeletal muscles and might be responsive to muscle quality changes in aging and diseased populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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26. A multimodal exercise countermeasure prevents the negative impact of head-down tilt bed rest on muscle volume and mitochondrial health in older adults.
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Dulac M, Hajj-Boutros G, Sonjak V, Faust A, Hussain SNA, Chevalier S, Dionne IJ, Morais JA, and Gouspillou G
- Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are thought to contribute to muscle atrophy and weakness that develop during ageing and mechanical unloading caused by immobilization, bed rest and microgravity. Older adults are at greater risk of developing muscle and mitochondrial dysfunctions in response to unloading. Although exercise is well known to promote muscle and mitochondrial health, its protective effect during mechanical unloading in older adults remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the impact of 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) with and without a multimodal exercise countermeasure in older men and women (55-65 years). Leg muscle volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed to assess markers of mitochondrial content, respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium retention capacity (mCRC). Indices of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including markers of fusion (MFN1 and 2), fission (Drp1), mitophagy (Parkin) and autophagy (p62 and LC3I and II) were measured using immunoblots. Muscle cross-sections were stained for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, a marker of denervation). HDBR triggered muscle atrophy, decreased mitochondrial content and respiration and increased mitochondrial ROS production. HDBR had no impact on mCRC or MQC markers but increased markers of autophagy and denervation. Exercise prevented the deleterious effects of HDBR on leg muscle volume, mitochondrial ROS production and markers of autophagy and denervation. Exercise also increased mitochondrial content and respiration without altering mCRC and MQC markers. Collectively, our results indicate that an exercise countermeasure that can be performed in bed is effective in protecting muscle and mitochondrial health during HDBR in older adults. KEY POINTS: Conditions associated with muscle unloading, such as immobilization, bed rest or microgravity, result in muscle atrophy and weakness, particularly in older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are thought to contribute to muscle atrophy caused by unloading and ageing. However, whether exercise can counteract the deleterious effects of unloading in older adults remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that older adults exposed to 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) displayed upper leg muscle atrophy, a decrease in mitochondrial content and respiration, an increase in H
2 O2 emission, and an increase in autophagy and denervation markers. No impact of HDBR on mitochondrial quality control was observed. A multimodal exercise countermeasure prevented the deleterious effects of HDBR on upper leg muscle volume, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission, and markers of autophagy and denervation and increased mitochondrial content and respiration. These findings highlight the effectiveness of exercise in promoting muscle and mitochondrial health in older adults undergoing bed rest., (© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.) more...- Published
- 2024
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27. FAT AND FAT-FREE MASS AS IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO SARCOPENIC OBESITY.
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Gažarová, Martina, Bihari, Maroš, and Šoltís, Jaroslav
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- 2023
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28. Endogenous humoral determinants of vascular endothelial dysfunction as triggers of acute poisoning complications.
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Ivnitsky, Jury Ju., Schäfer, Timur V., Rejniuk, Vladimir L., and Golovko, Alexandr I.
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ENDOTHELIUM diseases ,ASYMMETRIC dimethylarginine ,POISONING ,VASCULAR endothelium ,FISH oils ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,POISONS ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids - Abstract
The vascular endothelium is not only the semipermeable membrane that separates tissue from blood but also an organ that regulates inflammation, vascular tone, blood clotting, angiogenesis and synthesis of connective tissue proteins. It is susceptible to the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotics and to the acute hypoxia that accompanies acute poisoning. This damage is superimposed on the preformed state of the vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many humoral factors. The probability that an exogenous toxicant will cause life‐threatening dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, thereby complicating the course of acute poisoning, increases with an increase in the content of endogenous substances in the blood that disrupt endothelial function. These include ammonia, bacterial endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate, para‐cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine N‐oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, homocysteine, low‐density and very‐low‐density lipoproteins, free fatty acids and products of intravascular haemolysis. Some other endogenous substances (albumin, haptoglobin, haemopexin, biliverdin, bilirubin, tetrahydrobiopterin) or food‐derived compounds (ascorbic acid, rutin, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) reduce the risk of lethal vascular endothelial dysfunction. The individual variability of the content of these substances in the blood contributes to the stochasticity of the complications of acute poisoning and is a promising target for the risk reduction measures. Another feasible option may be the repositioning of drugs that affect the function of the vascular endothelium while being currently used for other indications. The vascular endothelium is damaged by the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotic chemicals and (or) acute hypoxia. This damage is superimposed on the initial state of vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many endogenous humoral factors. Vascular endothelium dysfunction increases the acute poisoning complications risk. Approach to the prevention of acute poisoning complications is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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29. Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on mobility of older adults: A scoping review.
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Felipe, Sarah Giulia Bandeira, Parreira Batista, Patrícia, da Silva, Cristina Cristóvão Ribeiro, de Melo, Ruth Caldeira, de Assumpção, Daniela, and Perracini, Monica Rodrigues
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CINAHL database ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,STAY-at-home orders ,LITERATURE reviews ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PHYSICAL mobility ,SOCIAL distancing ,OLD age - Abstract
Aims and objectives: To identify the most frequent determinants of contact limitation on older adults' mobility addressed by the recommendations to mitigate mobility limitation during the COVID‐19 pandemic and identify the recommendations characteristics and means of dissemination that might guide coping actions. Background: Measures for physical contact restriction were implemented to prevent COVID‐19 spread. These measures directly impacted older people, reducing their mobility, especially outside home environment. Health systems worldwide need to be prepared to implement strategies to mitigate negative effects of reduced mobility in this population. Design: Scoping review using Arksey and O′Malley's methodological framework. Method: Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases. Documents and reports with recommendations from government agencies were also consulted. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis based on a conceptual model of mobility proposed by Webber (The Gerontologist, 2010, 50, 443) regarding the most frequently addressed determinants, characteristics of the proposed interventions, and means of dissemination for the older person population. Findings Twenty‐eight studies were selected for the final sample. According to Webber's model, most articles (n = 14) presented the impacts on mobility from the perspective of physical determinants, relating this aspect to biological losses in the musculoskeletal system, and a minority assessed mobility in vital spaces, encompassing environmental (n = 3) and financial (n = 1) determinants. Also, the most frequent recommendation was that physical activity promotes maintenance of mobility and prevents the occurrence of adverse results, such as falls, fractures and functional decline. As to dissemination, digital technologies were recognised as a strategy to motivate, instruct and monitor exercise practice to increase mobility in older adults. Conclusion: The main conditions related to the decline in mobility of older adults during COVID‐19 pandemic were physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity is widespread and needs to be adapted according to individual needs. Finally, digital technologies are essential tools in this period, but other alternatives should also be considered for low‐income seniors. Implications for practice: It is hoped that the gaps identified through this scoping review can help enhance the discussion on the broader assessment of mobility in older adults and the design of interventions when contact restriction is a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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30. Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation.
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Inns, Thomas B., Bass, Joseph J., Hardy, Edward J.O., Wilkinson, Daniel J., Stashuk, Daniel W., Atherton, Philip J., Phillips, Bethan E., and Piasecki, Mathew
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MOTOR unit ,VASTUS lateralis ,MYONEURAL junction ,MUSCLE strength ,MUSCLE mass - Abstract
Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration of muscle function with a focus towards the neural input to muscle remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the role of motor unit adaptation in disuse‐induced neuromuscular deficits. Ten young, healthy male volunteers underwent 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation with intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) bilaterally recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) during knee extensor contractions normalised to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), pre and post disuse. Muscle cross‐sectional area was determined by ultrasound. Individual MUs were sampled and analysed for changes in motor unit (MU) discharge and MU potential (MUP) characteristics. VL CSA was reduced by approximately 15% which was exceeded by a two‐fold decrease of 31% in muscle strength in the immobilised limb, with no change in either parameter in the non‐immobilised limb. Parameters of MUP size were reduced by 11% to 24% with immobilisation, while neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission instability remained unchanged, and MU firing rate decreased by 8% to 11% at several contraction levels. All adaptations were observed in the immobilised limb only. These findings highlight impaired neural input following immobilisation reflected by suppressed MU firing rate which may underpin the disproportionate reductions of strength relative to muscle size. Key points: Muscle mass and function decline rapidly in situations of disuse such as bed rest and limb immobilisation.The reduction in muscle function commonly exceeds that of muscle mass, which may be associated with the dysregulation of neural input to muscle.We have used intramuscular electromyography to sample individual motor unit and near fibre potentials from the vastus lateralis following 15 days of unilateral limb immobilisation. Following disuse, the disproportionate loss of muscle strength when compared to size coincided with suppressed motor unit firing rate.These motor unit adaptations were observed at multiple contraction levels and in the immobilised limb only. Our findings demonstrate neural dysregulation as a key component of functional loss following muscle disuse in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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31. Prehab? Rehab? Both? Exploring interventions to alleviate disuse-induced muscle atrophy and anabolic resistance in older adults.
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LeGood NLM, Li X, Ha M, and Downer JDR
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- Humans, Aged, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Muscular Atrophy pathology, Sarcopenia pathology
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- 2024
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32. Implementation of exercise countermeasures during spaceflight and microgravity analogue studies: Developing countermeasure protocols for bedrest in older adults (BROA).
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Hedge, Eric T., Patterson, Courtney A., Mastrandrea, Carmelo J., Sonjak, Vita, Hajj-Boutros, Guy, Faust, Andréa, Morais, José A., and Hughson, Richard L.
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OLDER people ,SPACE flight ,REDUCED gravity environments ,AEROBIC exercises ,EXERCISE therapy - Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the development of countermeasures to attenuate the negative consequences of prolonged exposure to microgravity on astronauts’ bodies. Deconditioning of several organ systems during flight includes losses to cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle mass, bone density and strength. Similar deconditioning also occurs during prolonged bedrest; any protracted time immobile or inactive, especially for unwell older adults (e.g., confined to hospital beds), can lead to similar detrimental health consequences. Due to limitations in physiological research in space, the six-degree head-down tilt bedrest protocol was developed as ground-based analogue to spaceflight. A variety of exercise countermeasures have been tested as interventions to limit detrimental changes and physiological deconditioning of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian Space Agency recently provided funding for research focused on Understanding the Health Impact of Inactivity to study the efficacy of exercise countermeasures in a 14-day randomized clinical trial of six-degree head-down tilt bedrest study in older adults aged 55–65 years old (BROA). Here we will describe the development of a multi-modality countermeasure protocol for the BROA campaign that includes upper- and lower-body resistance exercise and head-down tilt cycle ergometry (high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise training). We provide reasoning for the choice of these modalities following review of the latest available information on exercise as a countermeasure for inactivity and spaceflight-related deconditioning. In summary, this paper sets out to review up-to-date exercise countermeasure research from spaceflight and head-down bedrest studies, whilst providing support for the proposed research countermeasure protocols developed for the bedrest study in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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33. Statins Neuromuscular Adverse Effects.
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Attardo, Silvia, Musumeci, Olimpia, Velardo, Daniele, and Toscano, Antonio
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STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) ,MYONEURAL junction ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,PERIPHERAL neuropathy ,THERAPEUTICS ,PHARMACOGENOMICS ,NEUROMUSCULAR diseases - Abstract
Statins are drugs widely prescribed in high-risk patients for cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases and are, usually, safe and well tolerated. However, these drugs sometimes may cause neuromuscular side effects that represent about two-third of all adverse events. Muscle-related adverse events include cramps, myalgia, weakness, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and, more rarely, rhabdomyolysis. Moreover, they may lead to peripheral neuropathy and induce or unmask a preexisting neuromuscular junction dysfunction. A clinical follow up of patients assuming statins could reveal early side effects that may cause neuromuscular damage and suggest how to better modulate their use. In fact, statin dechallenge or cessation, or the alternative use of other lipid-lowering agents, can avoid adverse events. This review summarizes the current knowledge on statin-associated neuromuscular adverse effects, diagnosis, and management. It is conceivable that the incidence of neuromuscular complications will increase because, nowadays, use of statins is even more diffused than in the past. On this purpose, it is expected that pharmacogenomic and environmental studies will help to timely predict neuromuscular complications due to statin exposure, leading to a more personalized therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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34. A microRNA Signature for the Diagnosis of Statins Intolerance.
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Mangas, Alipio, Pérez-Serra, Alexandra, Bonet, Fernando, Muñiz, Ovidio, Fuentes, Francisco, Gonzalez-Estrada, Aurora, Campuzano, Oscar, Rodriguez Roca, Juan Sebastian, Alonso-Villa, Elena, and Toro, Rocio more...
- Subjects
RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) ,MICRORNA ,PATIENT dropouts ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. Statins are the first-choice therapy for dislipidemias and are considered the cornerstone of ASCVD. Statin-associated muscle symptoms are the main reason for dropout of this treatment. There is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers with discriminative precision for diagnosing intolerance to statins (SI) in patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as evolutionarily conserved molecules that serve as reliable biomarkers and regulators of multiple cellular events in cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we evaluated plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers to discriminate between the SI vs. non-statin intolerant (NSI) population. It is a multicenter, prospective, case-control study. A total of 179 differentially expressed circulating miRNAs were screened in two cardiovascular risk patient cohorts (high and very high risk): (i) NSI (n = 10); (ii) SI (n = 10). Ten miRNAs were identified as being overexpressed in plasma and validated in the plasma of NSI (n = 45) and SI (n = 39). Let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7f-5p, miR-376a-3p and miR-376c-3p were overexpressed in the plasma of SI patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis supported the discriminative potential of the diagnosis. We propose a three-miRNA predictive fingerprint (let-7f, miR-376a-3p and miR-376c-3p) and several clinical variables (non-HDLc and years of dyslipidemia) for SI discrimination; this model achieves sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 83.67%, 88.57 and 89.10, respectively. In clinical practice, this set of miRNAs combined with clinical variables may discriminate between SI vs. NSI subjects. This multiparametric model may arise as a potential diagnostic biomarker with clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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35. Altered central and peripheral haemodynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young adults with SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Stute, Nina L., Stickford, Abigail S. L., Stickford, Jonathon L., Province, Valesha M., Augenreich, Marc A., Bunsawat, Kanokwan, Alpenglow, Jeremy K., Wray, D. Walter, and Ratchford, Stephen M.
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,YOUNG adults ,HEMODYNAMICS - Abstract
New Findings: What is the central question of this study?Are central and peripheral haemodynamics during handgrip exercise different in young adults 3–4 weeks following infection with of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with young healthy adults.What is the main finding and its importance?Exercising heart rate was higher while brachial artery blood flow and vascular conductance were lower in the SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with the control group. These findings provide evidence for peripheral impairments to exercise among adults with SARS‐CoV‐2, which may contribute to exercise limitations. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can have a profound impact on vascular function. While exercise intolerance may accompany a variety of symptoms associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on exercising blood flow (BF) remains unclear. Central (photoplethysmography) and peripheral (Doppler ultrasound) haemodynamics were determined at rest and during rhythmic handgrip (HG) exercise at 30% and 45% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in young adults with mild symptoms 25 days after testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2: n = 8M/5F; age: 21 ± 2 years; height: 176 ± 11 cm; mass: 71 ± 11 kg) and were cross‐sectionally compared with control subjects (Control: n = 8M/5F; age: 27 ± 6 years; height: 178 ± 8 cm; mass: 80 ± 25 kg). Systolic blood pressure, end systolic arterial pressure and rate pressure product were higher in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group during exercise at 45% MVC compared with controls. Brachial artery BF was lower in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group at both 30% MVC (Control: 384.8 ± 93.3 ml min–1; SARS‐CoV‐2: 307.8 ± 105.0 ml min–1; P = 0.041) and 45% MVC (Control: 507.4 ± 109.9 ml min–1; SARS‐CoV‐2: 386.3 ± 132.5 ml min–1; P = 0.002). Brachial artery vascular conductance was lower at both 30% MVC (Control: 3.93 ± 1.07 ml min–1 mmHg–1; SARS‐CoV‐2: 3.11 ± 0.98 ml min–1 mmHg–1; P = 0.022) and 45% MVC (Control: 4.74 ± 1.02 ml min–1 mmHg–1; SARS‐CoV‐2: 3.46 ± 1.10 ml min–1 mmHg–1; P < 0.001) in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group compared to control group. The shear‐induced dilatation of the brachial artery increased similarly across exercise intensities in the two groups, suggesting the decrease in exercising BF may be due to microvascular impairments. Brachial artery BF is attenuated during HG exercise in young adults recently diagnosed with mild SARS‐CoV‐2, which may contribute to diminished exercise capacity among those recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 like that seen in severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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36. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions on Sedentary Behavior Among Chinese University Students: A Retrospectively-Matched Cohort Study.
- Author
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Hongjun Yu, Yiling Song, Yangyang Wang, Xiaoxin Wang, Xiaolu Feng, Panpan Chen, Mingzhong Zhou, Xinyi Wen, and Chen Fan
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- 2022
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37. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Cornish, Stephen M., Cordingley, Dean M., Shaw, Keely A., Forbes, Scott C., Leonhardt, Taylor, Bristol, Ainsley, Candow, Darren G., and Chilibeck, Philip D.
- Abstract
Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [−0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD −0.01 [−0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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38. Early Biomarkers of Altered Renal Function and Orthostatic Intolerance During 10-day Bedrest.
- Author
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Tamma, Grazia, Di Mise, Annarita, Ranieri, Marianna, Centrone, Mariangela, Venneri, Maria, D'Agostino, Mariagrazia, Ferrulli, Angela, Šimunič, Boštjan, Narici, Marco, Pisot, Rado, and Valenti, Giovanna more...
- Subjects
KIDNEY physiology ,ORTHOSTATIC intolerance ,AQUAPORINS ,PEPTIDES ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Exposure to actual or simulated microgravity results in alterations of renal function, fluid redistribution, and bone loss, which is coupled to a rise of urinary calcium excretion. We provided evidence that high calcium delivery to the collecting duct reduces local Aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-mediated water reabsorption under vasopressin action, thus limiting the maximal urinary concentration to reduce calcium saturation. To investigate early renal adaptation into simulated microgravity, we investigated the effects of 10 days of strict bedrest in 10 healthy volunteers. We report here that 10 days of inactivity are associated with a transient, significant decrease (day 5) in vasopressin (copeptin) paralleled by a decrease in AQP2 excretion, consistent with an increased central volume to the heart, resulting in reduced water reabsorption. Moreover, bedrest caused a significant increase in calciuria secondary to bone demineralization paralleled by a decrease in PTH. Urinary osteopontin, a glycoprotein exerting a protective effect on stone formation, was significantly reduced during bedrest. Moreover, a significant increase in adrenomedullin (day 5), a peptide with vasodepressor properties, was observed at day 5, which may contribute to the known reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest. We conclude that renal function is altered in simulated microgravity and is associated with an early increase in the risk of stone formation and reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest within a few days of inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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39. Impact of MMP-9 Genetic Polymorphism and Concentration on the Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Ukrainian Population.
- Author
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Pogorielova, Oksana S., Korniienko, Viktoriia V., Chumachenko, Yaroslav D., Obukhova, Olha A., Martsovenko, Igor, and Harbuzova, Viktoriia Yu.
- Subjects
ATHEROSCLEROSIS risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,CORONARY artery disease ,GENOTYPES ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death in Europe. It is known that atherosclerosis is the primary risk factor of CAD development. MMP-9 is involved in all stages of atherosclerosis and thus may contribute to CAD emergence. To investigate the influence of MMP-9 on the (CAD) development 25 patients with intact coronary arteries (CA), 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 63 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled in the study. Real-time PCR was carried out for genotyping on the rs17567-polymorphic locus, and ELISA study was performed to measure the MMP-9 plasma concentration. It was found the lower risk of MI occurrence for AG-carriers ( P a = 0.023 ; OR
a = 0.299, 95% CI = 0.106–0.848) in Ukrainian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
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40. A single bout of prior resistance exercise attenuates muscle atrophy and declines in myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed-rest in older men.
- Author
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Smeuninx B, Elhassan YS, Sapey E, Rushton AB, Morgan PT, Korzepa M, Belfield AE, Philp A, Brook MS, Gharahdaghi N, Wilkinson D, Smith K, Atherton PJ, and Breen L
- Abstract
Impairments in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) during bed rest accelerate skeletal muscle loss in older adults, increasing the risk of adverse secondary health outcomes. We investigated the effect of prior resistance exercise (RE) on MyoPS and muscle morphology during a disuse event in 10 healthy older men (65-80 years). Participants completed a single bout of unilateral leg RE the evening prior to 5 days of in-patient bed-rest. Quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined prior to and following bed-rest. Serial muscle biopsies and dual stable isotope tracers were used to determine rates of integrated MyoPS (iMyoPS) over a 7 day habitual 'free-living' phase and the bed-rest phase, and rates of acute postabsorptive and postprandial MyoPS (aMyoPS) at the end of bed rest. Quadriceps CSA at 40%, 60% and 80% of muscle length significantly decreased in exercised (EX) and non-exercised control (CTL) legs with bed-rest. The decline in quadriceps CSA at 40% and 60% of muscle length was attenuated in EX compared with CTL. During bed-rest, iMyoPS rates decreased from habitual values in CTL, but not EX, and were significantly different between legs. Postprandial aMyoPS rates increased above postabsorptive values in EX only. The change in iMyoPS over bed-rest correlated with the change in quadriceps CSA in CTL, but not EX. A single bout of RE attenuated the decline in iMyoPS rates and quadriceps atrophy with 5 days of bed-rest in older men. Further work is required to understand the functional and clinical implications of prior RE in older patient populations. KEY POINTS: Age-related skeletal muscle deterioration, linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, is driven by impairments in muscle protein synthesis that are accelerated during periods of disuse. Resistance exercise can stimulate muscle protein synthesis over several days of recovery and therefore could counteract impairments in this process that occur in the early phase of disuse. In the present study, we demonstrate that the decline in myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle atrophy over 5 days of bed-rest in older men was attenuated by a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise performed the evening prior to bed-rest. These findings suggest that concise resistance exercise intervention holds the potential to support muscle mass retention in older individuals during short-term disuse, with implications for delaying sarcopenia progression in ageing populations., (© 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.) more...
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- 2023
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41. Pingchan Granule for Motor Symptoms and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
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Gu, Si-Chun, Ye, Qing, Wang, Chang-De, Zhao, Shao-Rong, Zhou, Jie, Gao, Chen, Zhang, Yu, Liu, Zhen-Guo, and Yuan, Can-Xing
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PARKINSON'S disease ,ANXIETY ,HAMILTON Depression Inventory ,CHINESE medicine ,GENERALIZED estimating equations ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: Pingchan granule (PCG) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of PCG for motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 292 participants with mild-to-moderate PD were included and followed for 36 weeks (24 week treatment, 12-week follow-up after intervention), randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive PCG or placebo. The primary outcomes included the severity of motor symptoms assessed by the Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part 3 (UPDRS-III) score and the rate of disease progression assessed by the total UPDRS score. Secondary outcomes included non-motor symptoms assessed using the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), UPDRS part 2 (UPDRS-II), and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scores. Assessments were done at baseline (T0), 12 weeks (T1), 24 weeks (T2), and 36 weeks (T3). Results: Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that the PCG group had significantly better improvement in UPDRS-III score at T1, T2, and T3 [time-by-group interaction, T1: β, −0.92 (95% CI, −1.59–−0.25; p = 0.01); T2: β, −2.08 (95% CI, −2.90–−1.27; p < 0.001); T3: β, −4.54 (95% CI, −5.37–−3.71; p < 0.001))]. The PCG group showed a greater decrease (rate of disease change) in the total UPDRS score between T0 and T2 [−2.23 (95% CI, −2.72–−1.73; p < 0.001) points per week vs. −0.21 (95% CI, −0.80–0.39; p = 0.50) points per week in the placebo group, p < 0.001]. Ameliorations of SCOPA-AUT, PDSS, HAM-D, HAM-A, UPDRS-II, and PDQ-39 scores were also observed. Conclusion: PCG had a long-lasting and extensive symptomatic efficacy for both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD with good tolerance. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-INR-17011949. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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42. Inter-Person Differences in Isometric Coactivations of Triceps Surae and Tibialis Anterior Decrease in Young, but Not in Older Adults After 14 Days of Bed Rest.
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Divjak, Matjaž, Sedej, Gašper, Murks, Nina, Gerževič, Mitja, Marusic, Uros, Pišot, Rado, Šimunič, Boštjan, and Holobar, Aleš
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BED rest ,TIBIALIS anterior ,OLDER people ,MUSCLE contraction ,SABBATH ,VARIABILITY (Psychometrics) - Abstract
We examined activation patterns of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), soleus (SO), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in eight older (58.4 ± 3.3 years) and seven young (23.1 ± 2.9 years) participants, before and after 14 days of horizontal bed rest. Visual feedback on the exerted muscle torque was provided to the participants. The discharge patterns of individual motor units (MUs) were studied in three repetitions of isometric plantar flexion at 30 and 60% of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC), before, and 1 day after the 14-day bed rest, respectively. In the GL and GM muscles, the older participants demonstrated higher MU discharge rates than the young, regardless of the contraction level, both before and after the bed rest. In the TA and SO muscles, the differences between the older and young participants were less consistent. Detailed analysis revealed person-specific changes in the MU discharge rates after the bed rest. To quantify the coactivation patterns we calculated the correlation coefficients between the cumulative spike trains of identified MUs from each muscle, and measured the root mean square difference of the correlation coefficients between the trials of the same session (intra-session variability) and between different sessions (inter-session variability) in each participant (intra-person comparison) and across participants (inter-person comparison). In the intra-person comparison, the inter-session variability was higher than the intra-session variability, either before or after the bed rest. At 60% MVC torque, the young demonstrated higher inter-person variability of coactivation than the older participants, but this variability decreased significantly after the bed rest. In older participants, inter-person variability was consistently lower at 60% than at 30% MVC torque. In young participants, inter-person variability became lower at 60% than at 30% MVC torque only after the bed rest. Precaution is required when analyzing the MU discharge and coactivation patterns, as individual persons demonstrate individual adaptations to aging or bed rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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43. Optimal Enteral Nutrition Support Preserved Muscle Mass in Critically Ill Children.
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Sirianansopa, Kantisa, Rassameehirun, Chavisa, Chomtho, Sirinuch, Suteerojntrakool, Orapa, and Kongkiattikul, Lalida
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Background. Inflammation and immobility are the most relevant mechanisms that alter protein synthesis and increase protein breakdown. Protein catabolism is associated with morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. Objective. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the routinely used enteral nutrition support guideline in preventing muscle breakdown in critically ill children. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Critically ill children (aged 1 month to 15 years) admitted to the PICU were enrolled. All patients were assessed for nutritional status and nutritional requirement. Enteral nutrition support following the guideline was initiated within the first 24 hours if no contraindication. The calorie target was defined either by direct measurement from indirect calorimetry or estimated from Schofield equation with protein target at least 1.5 g/kg/day. Anthropometric assessments and body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were examined at baseline and on the seventh day of the PICU admission. Results. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The most common age group was 1–5 years old (38.1%). The length of PICU stay was 9.1 (SD = 12.7) days. Respiratory problems were the major cause of PICU admission (50.8%). Mechanical ventilation was required in 55.6% of the patients with the average duration of 6.3 (SD = 12.4) days. Undernutrition was found in 36.5% of the patients. Enteral feeding was the major route of nutrition support (95.2%). After the first week of admission, muscle mass was significantly preserved (p < 0.01). All patients received the nutrition support at their target energy and protein goal within the first week. The enteral feeding-related complication was reported in 1.6% of the patients. Conclusion. Protein catabolism during critically ill period can be minimized by optimal nutrition support. Nutrition practice using the enteral nutrition support guideline was effective in helping critically ill children reach their target caloric and protein intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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44. DESBALANCE METABÓLICO EN ADULTOS MAYORES DURANTE EL CONFINAMIENTO POR LA PANDEMIA COVID-19.
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Vargas-Vargas, R. A., Fajardo-Bonilla, E., and Varela-Millán, J. M.
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SCIENTIFIC literature ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,METABOLIC disorders ,ENERGY metabolism ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SMART structures - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2022
45. FAT MASS TO FAT-FREE MASS RATIO AND BODY COMPOSITION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH CHRONIC LEG PROBLEMS.
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JURDANA, Mihaela, TOMAŽIČ, Ana, and ŽVANUT, Boštjan
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ADIPOSE tissues ,KNEE ,HIP joint ,BODY mass index ,BIOELECTRIC impedance ,WAIST circumference ,BODY composition ,OLDER people - Abstract
Copyright of Annales Kinesiologiae is the property of Annales Kinesiologiae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Effects of COVID-19 Confinement on the Health and Perspectives of Exercise Practice in Portugal.
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Loureiro, Nuno, Murta, Luís, Bento, Pedro, and Loureiro, Vânia
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SARS-CoV-2 ,EXERCISE therapy ,PRACTICE (Sports) ,INTERNET surveys - Abstract
Introduction: Social confinement, imposed by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, was an extraordinary situation and implied several consequences on people's health, which are still not fully understood. This study aimed to understand the changes in mental health and to determine the probability of returning to sports practice during the period of generalized confinement and lockdown due to COVID-19, between January and March 2021. Methods: A self-administered on online survey (PEF-COVID19) was applied to the general Portuguese population, aged = 18 years. The t-test for paired samples and the chi-square test were used to analyze the variables, p < 0.05. Results: 811 participants filled the questionnaire and 666 were included. Our study showed that during confinement: (i) there was an increase of anxiety (before - M= 3.1 ± 2.1; during - M= 4.3 ± 2.7) and stress (before - M = 3.1 ± 2.5; during - M= 4.1 ± 3) and (ii) a greater probability of dropping out sports practice (before - M = 1.1 ± 2; during - M= 7.5 ± 3.3). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the period of confinement and lockdown, significantly influenced health and the intention to remain practicing sports. These indicators demonstrate the need to develop quality sports/exercise programs, adjusted to different target groups, especially the most vulnerable, to keep the population active, reduce sedentary time and the consequent impacts on mental and physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
47. Returning to the Dance Studio Safely after a Pandemic.
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Harris, Diana Dart
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DANCE schools ,DANCE education ,MUSCLE strength ,EXERCISE ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has forced dancers and dance educators to re-think training protocols and re-evaluate approaches to dance education. The same dance educators who established safe ways to teach dance virtually must develop ways to return to in-person training that minimize injury risk. This article explores the effects of detraining and emotional stress on dance students and provides a framework for developing a periodic reconditioning approach. This approach needs to include a review of basic motor skills and exercises that focus on muscular strength and endurance, power, body acceleration and deceleration, and directional changes. It is imperative that dancers return to pre-COVID fitness and skill levels before embarking upon the next level of training in order to avoid injury risk and allow dance training to resume in safe, effective and healthy ways. This approach can be applied to dance training in the future in a variety of ways to help create the healthier, smarter, and stronger, athletic dancers that today's field of dance requires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
48. Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health:Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures
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Narici, Marco, De Vito, Giuseppe, Franchi, Martino, Paoli, Antonio, Moro, Tatiana, Marcolin, Giuseppe, Grassi, Bruno, Baldassarre, Giovanni, Zuccarelli, Lucrezia, Biolo, Gianni, di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio, Fiotti, Nicola, Dela, Flemming, Greenhaff, Paul, Maganaris, Constantinos, Narici, Marco, De Vito, Giuseppe, Franchi, Martino, Paoli, Antonio, Moro, Tatiana, Marcolin, Giuseppe, Grassi, Bruno, Baldassarre, Giovanni, Zuccarelli, Lucrezia, Biolo, Gianni, di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio, Fiotti, Nicola, Dela, Flemming, Greenhaff, Paul, and Maganaris, Constantinos more...
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The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis as entire populations have been asked to self-isolate and live in home-confinement for several weeks to months, which in itself represents a physiological challenge with significant health risks. This paper describes the impact of sedentarism on the human body at the level of the muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and nervous systems and is based on evidence from several models of inactivity, including bed rest, unilateral limb suspension, and step-reduction. Data form these studies show that muscle wasting occurs rapidly, being detectable within two days of inactivity. This loss of muscle mass is associated with fibre denervation, neuromuscular junction damage and upregulation of protein breakdown, but is mostly explained by the suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Inactivity also affects glucose homeostasis as just few days of step reduction or bed rest, reduce insulin sensitivity, principally in muscle. Additionally, aerobic capacity is impaired at all levels of the O2 cascade, from the cardiovascular system, including peripheral circulation, to skeletal muscle oxidative function. Positive energy balance during physical inactivity is associated with fat deposition, associated with systemic inflammation and activation of antioxidant defences, exacerbating muscle loss. Importantly, these deleterious effects of inactivity can be diminished by routine exercise practice, but the exercise dose–response relationship is currently unknown. Nevertheless, low to medium-intensity high volume resistive exercise, easily implementable in home-settings, will have positive effects, particularly if combined with a 15–25% reduction in daily energy intake. This combined regimen seems ideal for preserving neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular health. Highlights This paper describes the impact of sedentarism, caused by the COVID-19 home confinement on the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, metaboli more...
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- 2021
49. Rapid Transition to Telehealth Group Exercise and Functional Assessments in Response to COVID-19.
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Jennings, Stephen C., Manning, Kenneth M., Bettger, Janet Prvu, Hall, Katherine M., Pearson, Megan, Mateas, Catalin, Briggs, Brandon C., Oursler, Krisann K., Blanchard, Erin, Lee, Cathy C., Castle, Steven, Valencia, Willy M., Katzel, Leslie I., Giffuni, Jamie, Kopp, Teresa, McDonald, Michelle, Harris, Rebekah, Bean, Jonathan F., Althuis, Katherine, and Alexander, Neil B. more...
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PHYSICAL mobility ,COVID-19 ,FUNCTIONAL groups ,GERIATRIC assessment ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Exercise is critical for health maintenance in late life. The COVID-19 shelter in place and social distancing orders resulted in wide-scale interruptions of exercise therapies, placing older adults at risk for the consequences of decreased mobilization. The purpose of this paper is to describe rapid transition of the Gerofit facility-based group exercise program to telehealth delivery. This Gerofit-to-Home (GTH) program continued with group-based synchronous exercise classes that ranged from 1 to 24 Veterans per class and 1 to 9 classes offered per week in the different locations. Three hundred and eight of 1149 (27%) Veterans active in the Gerofit facility-based programs made the transition to the telehealth delivered classes. Participants' physical performance testing continued remotely as scheduled with comparisons between most recent facility-based and remote testing suggesting that participants retained physical function. Detailed protocols for remote physical performance testing and sample exercise routines are described. Translation to remote delivery of exercise programs for older adults could mitigate negative health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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50. Resistance Training Safety during and after the SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak: Practical Recommendations.
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Gentil, Paulo, de Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa, Souza, Daniel, Jimenez, Alfonso, Mayo, Xian, de Fátima Pinho Lins Gryschek, Anna Luiza, Pereira, Erica Gomes, Alcaraz, Pedro, Bianco, Antonino, Paoli, Antonio, Papeschi, Julio, and Carnevali Junior, Luiz Carlos more...
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ATHLETES ,IMMUNITY ,PHYSICAL fitness centers ,SAFETY ,STERILIZATION (Disinfection) ,RESISTANCE training ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole world causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, and inappropriate training conditions. The reduction of mobility imposed to contain the advance of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic can negatively affect the physical condition and health of individuals leading to muscle atrophy, progressive loss of muscle strength, and reductions in neuromuscular and mechanical capacities. Resistance training (RT) might be an effective tool to counteract these adverse consequences. RT is considered an essential part of an exercise program due to its numerous health and athletic benefits. However, in the face of the SARS-Cov-2 outbreak, many people might be concerned with safety issues regarding its practice, especially in indoor exercise facilities, such as gyms and fitness centers. These concerns might be associated with RT impact in the immune system, respiratory changes, and contamination due to equipment sharing and agglomeration. In this current opinion article, we provide insights to address these issues to facilitate the return of RT practices under the new logistical and health challenges. We understand that RT can be adapted to allow its performance with measures adopted to control coronavirus outbreak such that the benefits would largely overcome the potential risks. The article provides some practical information to help on its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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