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Este trabajo se realizó a partir de la revisión bibliográfica de documentos publicados, sobre la influencia de los cambios post mortem de cinco especies de peces amazónicos (Piaractus brachypomus, Arapaima gigas, Brycon amazonicus, Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, Colossoma macropomum) en la calidad de la carne. El objetivo se centró en revisar aquellos artículos que presentan información sobre los cambios físicos, químicos y microbiológicos que suceden en la carne y algunos métodos de conservación que existen, se han seleccionado un total de 33 artículos de los cuales 18 son en inglés, 5 en portugués y 10 en español. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia del frío en la conservación de las especies, así como el manejo de atmósferas modificadas que regulan la degradación que se genera por el cambio post mortem, en conclusión, el sacrificio, el manejo y la conservación tienen mucho efecto en la calidad del producto.

Antecedentes: las autopsias son esenciales para investigar las enfermedades emergentes ya que contribuyen a comprender su fisiopatología y fundamentar el tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir las publicaciones sobre autopsias de casos COVID-19 en el marco de la pandemia, 2019-2020. Metodología: Revisión de alcance. Periodo: publicaciones de noviembre 2019 a diciembre 2020. Términos utilizados: autopsia, cambios post mortem, hallazgos incidentales, infecciones por coronavirus, en sujetos humanos, en español e inglés; en bases de datos Research4Life, PubMed, LILACS, Researchgate. Se utilizó el estándar PRISMA. El protocolo fue aprobado por la Unidad de Investigación Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Resultados: de un total de 320 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 42, correspondientes a 582 autopsias, todos en el idioma inglés. De los 42 artículos, los dos países con más publicaciones fueron Estados Unidos 16 y Alemania 5. En 27 el rango de autopsias reportadas fue 1-10. En 17 las medidas de bioseguridad implementadas no fueron consignadas y en 13 no fueron especificadas. En 19, no se describe si las autopsias fueron completas o parciales. Las autopsias completas se reportaron en 14 publicaciones, parciales en cinco y autopsias completas y parciales en cuatro. En 11 publicaciones no se describieron los hallazgos macroscópicos; en los 42 trabajos se examinaron los tejidos con microscopio óptico, en 28 se utilizaron marcadores inmunohistoquímicos y en siete, microscopio electrónico. El órgano descrito principalmente fue pulmón en 40 estudios. Conclusiones e implicaciones: son necesarias más publicaciones reportando series de autopsias completas, retomar la importancia del estudio de todos los órganos y la determinación de las causas de muerte por COVID-19. A diciembre de 2020, en América Latina no se había publicado estudios sobre autopsias. Las implicaciones para el manejo de casos y políticas públicas demuestran que se debe invertir en la realización de autopsias incluyendo los estudios histopatológicos que se requieran.

Introduction: “Pink teeth” are a post-mortem phenomenon characterized by a rose, reddish and even purple shade of color which may be observed in teeth. Their first reference dates back to 1829, when Thomas Bell described them. They have been a topic of debate for almost two centuries. The subject poses several questions: Would it be more logical to name them “red teeth” or “purple teeth”? What causes the increase in color intensity? Does the pink shade signal a specific cause of death? Does it remain forever or may it disappear for a variety of reasons? Objective: Describe the indicators that “pink teeth” may still be considered an important element in current forensic research. Main remarks: Based on the experience gathered from the cases analyzed in the last 20 years and the bibliographic review conducted, it is evident that the phenomenon appears mainly in anterior teeth and single-rooted premolars. On the other hand, pink teeth may be observed ante mortem as well as post mortem. For a number of reasons, post mortem pink teeth take several days to form, and they are a taphonomic phenomenon, present in violent as well as natural deaths, though their change in tone depends on various factors. General considerations: Founded on the experience obtained by the authors and the bibliography about the topic, it is evident that this sign, phenomenon or finding (upon clarification of the questions posed) may still be very significant and enlightening in the current forensic context.

Flatliners (2017) is a science fiction horror film. Directed by Niels Arden, as a remake of the original from 1990´s film. Starring renowned actors such as Ellen Page, Kiefer Sutherland and Diego Luna. The film shows the life of five medical students and the thrive to study the immediate brain activity after death. To achieve this goal, they stop their heart rate and deprive their brain from oxygen, in the meantime, and with the use of state-of-the-art equipment they are being monitored, seeking for never seen before brain activity. The film to a horror film when, after being brought back from the death they experience paranormal activity, which makes our stars, seek for forgiveness from past experiences in their personal life. During the film we can observe different aspects related to the medical field, different points of view from the medical staff regarding cardiopulmonary reanimation, according to their education and medical guidelines follow thru the medical err and how this affects the daily life of the medical practitioner.

Post mortem ultrastructural alterations of surface epithelial tissues were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Ten male albino mice were sacrificed, and the duodenum, ileum and lung excised and fixed immediately, at 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post mortem. The intestinal villi and microvilli tended to flatten and to lose rigidity of cellular architecture. Alveolal epithelial cells showed the beginning of edema. Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells were noticed as early as 20 minutes after death.

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En este trabajo se documenta el proceso de descomposición de un cadáver de cerdo en un ecosistema léntico, simulando la descomposición de un cuerpo humano, en la Ciénaga Inasika del municipio El Banco (Departamento del Magdalena) con el fin de estimar el intervalo postinmersión (ISPM). Para esto, se usó como biomodelo un cadáver de cerdo (Sus scrofa domesticus) sacrificado por contusión craneal; el cadáver fue enjaulado de tal manera que ingresaran los insectos, más no los grandes carroñeros. Posteriormente se sumergió en la ciénaga a 80 cm de profundidad con el fin de documentar los cambios post mortem y la sucesión entomológica. Se estableció un ISPM de 11 días y se documentaron seis fases de descomposición, en las cuales se recolectaron dípteros pertenecientes a las familias de Muscidae, Calliphoridae y Sarcophagidae. Las fases de descomposición observadasfueron: fresca, flotación temprana, descomposición flotante, deterioro de la hinchazón, restos flotantes y restos hundidos. Finalmente, dada la necesidad que tiene el país de expandir el conocimiento en ciencias forenses a causa del conflicto armado y la delincuencia común, buscamos desarrollar herramientas que faciliten los procesos legales, ayudando a esclarecer casos donde se tenga poca información sobre los hechos seguidos a la muerte de una persona.

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Ultrasonographic morphometry of wall layers is commonly used in veterinary patients with suspected small intestinal disease, however published studies comparing this method with histopathology in horses are limited. This prospective, methods comparison study compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of small intestinal wall layers using ex vivo high‐frequency ultrasound versus histopathology in a sample of 16 horses. Transverse section images of duodenum, distal jejunum, and ileum were acquired with a high‐frequency linear transducer (7–15 MHz). Transverse histological cryosections were obtained at the same level. Appearance and measurements of the intestinal wall layers were assessed on the ultrasonographic and histological images. High‐frequency scanning with the probe in close contact with the serosal surface of the equine intestinal wall allowed a clear and detailed definition of wall layers. A hyperechoic line was consistently detected within the tunica muscularis in all the intestinal tracts, corresponding histologically to the interface between its longitudinal and circular muscle layers. The overall trend of the values for wall layers thickness was comparable between ex vivo ultrasonography and histology. However, a poor agreement was found between the two methods for all layers. The ultrasonographic measurements were thicker compared to histological measurements, with the exception of the total wall and the muscular layer thicknesses. These layers were thinner on ultrasonography in the duodenum and in all the intestinal segments, respectively. Findings from the current study can be used as background for future ultrasonographic investigations of small intestinal diseases in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The physiology behind sudden violent death is considered in the light of information from a wide variety of clinical, experimental, forensic and veterinary sources. Physiological causes can be classified under the headings of blood loss; asphyxia; electrocution; tissue loss; destruction of brain; disconnection of brain; and poisoning. Death, although sudden, is not necessarily instantaneous; asphyxia and electrocution take some time to kill the subjects.Conclusions: The chemistry of dying, death and changes post mortem, needs more research in order to design further rational resuscitation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable dietary protein sources are cheaper alternatives to fishmeal in shrimp diets. This study assessed the impact of fermented and non-fermented soybean and canola meals on growth performance, in vivo and in vitro digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and meat quality of Litopenaeus van-namei. A total of 513 shrimps were randomly assigned to treatments (control and two experimental diets). Animals on the control diet (cd) were fed a commercial feed concentrate. For the other treatments, the fishmeal protein source was totally replaced by a mixture of soybean and canola meal (50:50), either unfermented (sc) or fermented (fsc). Results showed that fermentation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the hydrolysis degree (hd) of sc meals by 12 % compared to that of their unfermented counterparts. Also, it was found that canola meal had higher hd compared to soybean meal, both before and after fermentation. The use of sc diet decreased protein digestibility in shrimps (P < 0.05), although there was no significant variation in the activity of total proteases and chymotrypsin. Production performance traits of shrimps fed diets with fsc were comparable to those of shrimps on the control diet. The increase in shear force of shrimps fed fsc was accompanied by an increase in the water holding capacity (whc) by 8-9 % (P < 0.05). Sensory attributes were similar across diets. In summary, this study showed it is possible to fully replace fish meal with fsc in shrimp diets without impairing production performance traits, dietary protein digestibility, and shrimp meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this study was to check the effect of different stunning methods on the meat quality of Pintado Amazônico, female Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum × male Leiarius marmoratus, stored on ice for 18 d. A total of 90 specimens (2.5 ± 0.45 kg and 58.21 ± 6.20 cm) were divided into three groups and subjected to stunning by: water saturated with CO2, hypothermia on ice, or asphyxia in air. Subsequently, samples were removed to be analyzed after (times) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 d. At the established times, aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic microorganisms and aerobic psychrotrophic heterotrophic microorganisms were quantified, and the pH, total volatile base nitrogen, color (L*a*b*), and sensory traits were analyzed. The stunning method significantly affected ( P < 0.05) the meat quality. The group stunned on ice showed the best results compared with the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmortem changes in blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) muscle were studied on the basis of biochemical, chemical, physical, and microbiological changes during an 18 day storage period at 0°C. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) content, breakdown products, K-value, pH, trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), water holding capacity (WHC), color, and texture (shear force) changes were examined. Also, total mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts were measured. K-value increased linearly (r2= 0.98) from an initial value of 1.37 ± 0.59 to 59.42 ± 6.05% at Day 18. Spoilage indicators TVB-N and TMA-N increased from 29.56 ± 1.33 and 0.69 ± 0.25 to 39.04 and 2.04 ± 0.59 mg of N/100 g at Day 18, respectively; meanwhile, the total viable counts of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria increased from 3.48 ± 0.44 and 2.61 ± 0.29 log CFU/g to 6.27 ± 0.21 and 7.14 ± 0.39 log CFU/g, respectively, which indicated spoilage at the end of the storage period. The pH, texture, WHC, and color were affected (p< 0.05) during the storage period. Overall, results indicate that blue shrimp muscle quality was maintained for 12 days of storage in ice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The purpose of this work was to report the causes of mortality of eleven Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) that arrived to the shore of Cuyutlan, Colima, Mexico, in a critical health condition between the months of June and September of 2006. The signs presented were: inability to swim, weakness, loss of weight, sunken eyes, lethargy and mesh lesions in fins and shell. The necropsy was carried out. Representative lesion samples were collected from the main organs and they were fixed in 10% buffered formalin pH 7.2 using the histological technique and the hematoxylin-eosine tint. The results were: six cases (60%) presented multifocal hepatic haemochromatosis, three (30%) presented multifocal non supurative myocarditis, two (20%), multifocal granulomatous nephritis associated with Paecilomyces sp with calcification. Intestinal lymphangiectasia and heterophilic diffuse perihepatitis. Other pathologies included: one case (10%) presented cutaneous fibropapillomas, bacterial necrotic ulcerative dermatitis; one more presented multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with Paecilomyces sp; in three cases, intestinal trematode (Adenogaster serialis); in five epibiontes (Chelonibia testudinaria) in fins; and in one, a blood parasite (Toddia sp). The findings of these diseases will permit to propose preventive medicine with the aim to preserve marine turtles in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)