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Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of CSR and USR, evaluate CSR practices in Polish public universities of economics, and provide actionable recommendations for improving CSR practices at universities. Design/methodology/approach: A comparative analysis of the 5 main economic universities in Poland was carried out on the basis of publicly available online sources. Findings: Overall, the findings indicate that Polish public economic universities are actively engaged in implementing CSR strategies. Their activities are diverse and tailored to their specific contexts, evidencing a strong commitment to promoting sustainable development, ethical conduct, and societal well-being. The research highlights successful strategies and provides recommendations that can serve as a valuable resource for enhancing CSR practices in higher education. Research limitations/implications: While this research provides a comprehensive overview of CSR practices at major public economic universities in Poland, future studies should address these limitations and expand the scope of analysis to include diverse perspectives, rigorous quantitative measures, and broader institutional contexts. Practical implications: The research provides valuable insights and practical recommendations that can significantly enhance the implementation of CSR practices in higher education institutions. By adopting these recommendations, universities can improve their societal and environmental impacts, enhance stakeholder engagement, foster innovation, and achieve a competitive edge in the education sector. The commercial and economic implications highlight substantial benefits not only for the universities but also for the broader communities they serve. Social implications: The research has significant social implications that extend beyond the academic community. It can influence public attitudes towards CSR, drive corporate and environmental responsibility, inform public and industry policies, and enhance the quality of life. By showcasing the positive impact of CSR initiatives in universities, the research can inspire wider adoption of ethical and sustainable practices across various sectors, contributing to a more equitable and sustainable society. Originality/value: The paper makes significant contributions by offering a detailed comparative analysis of CSR practices in Polish economic universities, integrating CSR and USR concepts, providing actionable recommendations, and addressing a broad audience. Its novel insights and practical guidance have the potential to influence the development and implementation of CSR strategies, fostering a culture of sustainability and social responsibility in the higher education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article's purpose was to explore the usage of and activities to enhance human potential and the socioeconomic impact of the VFD units of the Western Pomerania Voivodship, based on research done among the VFD units of the Western Pomerania Voivodship. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs literature analysis, tabular comparisons, and conducted questionnaires of bathers. The approach for the research was based on a desktop evaluation of accessible information, statistics, and other data national sources. The qualitative data acquired from self-research was used in the statistical analysis. The research group had 338 firemen from 17 VFD units and the research was scheduled from February and the end of March 2022. Findings: The study found that membership in the NRFS system had a considerable impact on local governments and firemen. The operation of TSOs in the NRFS system is a factor that promotes the improvement of firefighters' funding on the part of local governments, and on the part of TSO units themselves, it is a factor that raises their competence and confidence in the skills of their own team. Both have a considerable impact on the effectiveness of rescue and firefighting operations, as well as firefighters' attitudes. Research limitations/implications: The research haslimitations, such as its specific timeframe and omitted variables. Practical implications: The study's findings revealed a progressive professionalization of TSO units in NRFS, as well as an increase in social functions, particularly rescue functions - participation in rescue and firefighting activities, which is reflected in increased receipt of financial support from the municipal to provincial levels. Therefore, reduced activity and selfmotivation of TSO firefighters from outside the NRFS system may cause less professionalism during rescue and firefighting operations. Social implications: Volunteer fire stations perform essential social duties in their region of operation in addition to rescue and firefighting actions. The "extinction" of TSO units' activities outside the KSRG system may result in lower social activity in the locations where the aforementioned units operate, among other reasons. Originality/value: Study documents a certain stage of development of TSO units, with the long-term goal of professionalizing these structures of units joining the NRFS system. In addition to the components (conclusions) described in the article, this is demonstrated by the decreased participation of firefighters outside the NRFS in various activities aimed at raising funds for TSOs' broadly specified statutory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article presents a comprehensive study of the attitudes of bathers within identifying potential challenges and opportunities as well as recommendations for the future of drowning prevention education. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs literature analysis, tabular comparisons, and questionnaires of bathers. The approach for the research was based on a desktop evaluation of accessible information, statistics, and other data from international and sources. The qualitative data acquired from self-research was used in the statistical analysis. The research group had 314 respondents, and the research was scheduled for the summer vacation season of 2021. Findings: Parallels exist in governance and policy alignment, while disparities are evident in economic development and sectoral priorities. These findings offer a nuanced understanding of shared traits and distinct differences shaping the business landscapes and economic paths of these Central European nations. Research limitations/implications: The research has limitations, such as its specific timeframe and omitted variables. Practical implications: Practical implications extend to i.a. the need of implementing effective prevention programs (level 1 prevention) of safe behavior on the water and include this from the municipal level through the regional and national levels and introducing of a multi-year, unified national program of education and behavior in water areas, will increase the swimming skills of all age groups and reduce drowning. Social implications: The study suggests indicating systemic measures aimed directly at people enjoying water activities, with educational activities playing the most important role in eliminating the so-called "low swimming culture," which manifests itself in a lack of basic knowledge of the specifics of the water area used for swimming and the swimming skills possessed. Originality/value: The uniqueness of this research lies in the development of a technique to survey bathers' sentiments via an innovative, self-developed questionnaire mobile application, which allowed the interviewer to conduct the survey on a mobile device and independently by the tourist after receiving a link or scanning a "QR code". The research findings are applicable to both academic discourse and practical implementations, providing unique insights to foster collaboration and development within policymakers' institutions and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI), the result of the dynamic development of information technology, has been the subject of research for several decades. ChatGPT is an intelligent system that generates answers to arbitrary questions, and one of its fields of application is education. This article presents the results of a survey conducted as part of a teaching course in management among students at the Krakow University of Economics. The research was aimed at identifying students' opinions on the possibility of using ChatGPT in solving specific decision-making problems and was conducted during the didactic classes in the summer semester of the academic year 2022/23. The article describes the origin and development of ChatGPT, presents the research method and the results of the research. A discussion of the results obtained with conclusions presented in the scientific literature is also made. The analysis shows that the majority of the students surveyed were positive about the use of the ChatGPT system in their classes. The students' responses to the open-ended question revealed different opinions. On the one hand, the benefits of using ChatGPT as a learning support tool were pointed out, such as facilitating information retrieval, paraphrasing text or creating work plans. On the other hand, concerns were raised about laziness, plagiarism and the loss of the ability to search for information reliably and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cracow Review of Economics & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie is the property of Cracow University of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, we present the synthesis of three new neutral aryl-BIAN ZnCl2 complexes (where aryl-BIAN = bis(aryl-imino)acenaphthene) with formulations [Zn(4-iPrC6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (1), [Zn(2-iPrC6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (2) and [Zn(4-NO2C6H4-BIAN)Cl2] (3) obtained through a green synthesis methodology. Compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-LS mass spectrometry, FT-IR ATR mode, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Compound 3 was characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-LS mass spectrometry and FT-IR, ATR mode. The solid-state molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The new complexes 1, 2 and 3, and the known complexes of formulations [Zn(2,6-iPr2C6H3-BIAN)Cl2] (4) and [Zn(2,4,6-Me3C6H2-BIAN)Cl2] (5) were tested as catalysts in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides using the tetrabutylammonium bromide salt as a co-catalyst. Primary studies revealed that complex 4 presented the highest catalytic activity among all synthetized complexes. Good reaction TOFs were obtained for the conversion of propylene oxide (112 h−1) after 3 hours and for the conversion of styrene oxide (23 h−1) after 8 hours, at 4 MPa and 333 K. For more sterically hindered cyclohexene oxide, no cyclic carbonate formation was observed, under the same operational conditions. Furthermore, the effect of reaction time (1–40 h), pressure (0.5–40 MPa) and nucleophile to metal ratio (0.5–100) on final cyclic carbonate formation was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The dynamic economic changes in recent years have made the principles of sustainable development gain more and more importance and there is a great need to maintain a balance in the social, environmental, and economic dimensions. This has also been observed in project management, whereby the concept of sustainable project management plays an important role in both practice and science. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in scientific publications on the concept of sustainable project management. The article presents the assumptions of sustainability in a project and the identification of research directions in this area. The study aims to present the results of the literature review and answer the two research questions: which research areas related to sustainable project management dominate the literature and what are the further research directions in the field of sustainable project management? Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted based on a literature review in the field of sustainable project management and sustainability in project management. Scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database, published before 2022, were used. A keyword analysis was carried out, on the basis of which subject areas related to sustainable project management were distinguished, and the most cited articles were reviewed to extract recommendations for the directions of future research. Findings: The literature review, taking into account sustainable project management, show that project lifecycle, project success, and risk management are dominated research topic in the articles. Further research directions suggested in the literature indicate, inter alia, to extend the scope of research on sustainable project management to different countries and sectors. Originality/value: The literature review is based on the most recent publications. Moreover, in addition to the traditional literature review, keywords were analyzed and other research directions were analyzed, which was rarely seen in publications that focused mainly on the synthesis of conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]