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1,596 results on '"Zahm S"'

1. Carcinogenicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.

Author

Zahm S, Bonde JP, Chiu WA, Hoppin J, Kanno J, Abdallah M, Blystone CR, Calkins MM, Dong GH, Dorman DC, Fry R, Guo H, Haug LS, Hofmann JN, Iwasaki M, Machala M, Mancini FR, Maria-Engler SS, Møller P, Ng JC, Pallardy M, Post GB, Salihovic S, Schlezinger J, Soshilov A, Steenland K, Steffensen IL, Tryndyak V, White A, Woskie S, Fletcher T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Bijoux W, Chittiboyina S, de Conti A, Facchin C, Madia F, Mattock H, Merdas M, Pasqual E, Suonio E, Viegas S, Zupunski L, Wedekind R, and Schubauer-Berigan MK

Subjects
Humans, Caprylates toxicity, Fluorocarbons toxicity, Alkanesulfonic Acids toxicity
Published
2024
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2. Risk of Bias Assessments and Evidence Syntheses for Observational Epidemiologic Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposures: Strengths and Limitations

Author

Steenland, Kyle, Schubauer-Berigan, M.K., Vermeulen, R., Lunn, R.M., Straif, K., Zahm, S., Stewart, P., Arroyave, W.D., Mehta, S.S., and Pearce, N.

Subjects
United States. Environmental Protection Agency, Animal behavior, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, risk of bias tools are used to evaluate epidemiologic studies as part of evidence synthesis (evidence integration), often involving meta-analyses. Some of these tools consider hypothetical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as gold standards. METHODS: We review the strengths and limitations of risk of bias assessments, in particular, for reviews of observational studies of environmental exposures, and we also comment more generally on methods of evidence synthesis. RESULTS: Although RCTs may provide a useful starting point to think about bias, they do not provide a gold standard for environmental studies. Observational studies should not be considered inherently biased vs. a hypothetical RCT. Rather than a checklist approach when evaluating individual studies using risk of bias tools, we call for identifying and quantifying possible biases, their direction, and their impacts on parameter estimates. As is recognized in many guidelines, evidence synthesis requires a broader approach than simply evaluating risk of bias in individual studies followed by synthesis of studies judged unbiased, or with studies given more weight if judged less biased. It should include the use of classical considerations for judging causality in human studies, as well as triangulation and integration of animal and mechanistic data. CONCLUSIONS: Bias assessments are important in evidence synthesis, but we argue they can and should be improved to address the concerns we raise here. Simplistic, mechanical approaches to risk of bias assessments, which may particularly occur when these tools are used by nonexperts, can result in erroneous conclusions and sometimes may be used to dismiss important evidence. Evidence synthesis requires a broad approach that goes beyond assessing bias in individual human studies and then including a narrow range of human studies judged to be unbiased in evidence synthesis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6980, Introduction Evidence synthesis (or evidence integration) is widely used to summarize findings of epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures. Such syntheses are part of systematic reviews of observational epidemiologic [...]

Published
2020
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6. Risk of bias assessments and evidence syntheses for observational epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures: Strengths and limitations

Author

IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Steenland, K., Schubauer-Berigan, M.K., Vermeulen, R., Lunn, R.M., Straif, K., Zahm, S., Stewart, P., Arroyave, W.D., Mehta, S.S., Pearce, N., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Sub Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Steenland, K., Schubauer-Berigan, M.K., Vermeulen, R., Lunn, R.M., Straif, K., Zahm, S., Stewart, P., Arroyave, W.D., Mehta, S.S., and Pearce, N.

Published
2020

7. Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma and its subtypes: a pooled analysis from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph)

Author

Kamper-Jørgensen, M., Rostgaard, K., Glaser, S. L., Zahm, S. H., Cozen, W., Smedby, K. E., Sanjosé, S., Chang, E. T., Zheng, T., La Vecchia, C., Serraino, D., Monnereau, A., Kane, E. V., Miligi, L., Vineis, P., Spinelli, J. J., McLaughlin, J. R., Pahwa, P., Dosman, J. A., Vornanen, M., Foretova, L., Maynadie, M., Staines, A., Becker, N., Nieters, A., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., Cocco, P., and Hjalgrim, H.

Published
2013
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12. Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma and its subtypes:a pooled analysis from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph)

Author

Kamper-Jørgensen, Mads, Rostgaard, K, Glaser, S L, Zahm, S H, Cozen, W, Smedby, K E, Sanjosé, S, Chang, E T, Zheng, T, La Vecchia, C, Serraino, D, Monnereau, A, Kane, E V, Miligi, L, Vineis, P, Spinelli, J J, McLaughlin, J R, Pahwa, P, Dosman, J A, Vornanen, M, Foretova, L, Maynadie, M, Staines, A, Becker, N, Nieters, A, Brennan, P, Boffetta, P, Cocco, P, Hjalgrim, H, Kamper-Jørgensen, Mads, Rostgaard, K, Glaser, S L, Zahm, S H, Cozen, W, Smedby, K E, Sanjosé, S, Chang, E T, Zheng, T, La Vecchia, C, Serraino, D, Monnereau, A, Kane, E V, Miligi, L, Vineis, P, Spinelli, J J, McLaughlin, J R, Pahwa, P, Dosman, J A, Vornanen, M, Foretova, L, Maynadie, M, Staines, A, Becker, N, Nieters, A, Brennan, P, Boffetta, P, Cocco, P, and Hjalgrim, H

Abstract

The etiology of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains incompletely characterized. Studies of the association between smoking and HL have yielded ambiguous results, possibly due to differences between HL subtypes.

Published
2013

13. Insecticide use and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: A subset meta-analysis of the North American Pooled Project.

Author

Kachuri L, Beane Freeman LE, Spinelli JJ, Blair A, Pahwa M, Koutros S, Hoar Zahm S, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Pahwa P, Dosman JA, McLaughlin JR, Demers PA, and Harris SA

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, Chlordan adverse effects, DDT adverse effects, Female, Hexachlorocyclohexane adverse effects, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell chemically induced, Logistic Models, Lymphoma, Follicular chemically induced, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse chemically induced, Male, Self Report, United States, Insecticides adverse effects, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell epidemiology, Lymphoma, Follicular epidemiology, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse epidemiology
Abstract

Insecticide use has been linked to increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, findings of epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent, particularly for NHL subtypes. We analyzed 1690 NHL cases and 5131 controls in the North American Pooled Project (NAPP) to investigate self-reported insecticide use and risk of NHL overall and by subtypes: follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for each insecticide were estimated using logistic regression. Subtype-specific associations were evaluated using ASSET (Association analysis for SubSETs). Increased risks of multiple NHL subtypes were observed for lindane (OR = 1.60, 1.20-2.10: FL, DLCBL, SLL), chlordane (OR = 1.59, 1.17-2.16: FL, SLL) and DDT (OR = 1.36, 1.06-1.73: DLBCL, SLL). Positive trends were observed, within the subsets with identified associations, for increasing categories of exposure duration for lindane (P trend = 1.7 × 10 -4 ), chlordane (P trend = 1.0 × 10 -3 ) and DDT (P trend = 4.2 × 10 -3 ), however, the exposure-response relationship was nonlinear. Ever use of pyrethrum was associated with an increased risk of FL (OR = 3.65, 1.45-9.15), and the relationship with duration of use appeared monotonic (OR for >10 years: OR = 5.38, 1.75-16.53; P trend = 3.6 × 10 -3 ). Our analysis identified several novel associations between insecticide use and specific NHL subtypes, suggesting possible etiologic heterogeneity in the context of pesticide exposure., (© 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Union for International Cancer Control.)

Published
2020
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14. IARC monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans

Author

Pearce, N., Blair, A., Vineis, P., Ahrens, W., Andersen, A., Anto, J., Armstrong, B., Baccarelli, A., Beland, F., Berrington, A., Bertazzi, P., Birnbaum, L., Brownson, R., Bucher, J., Cantor, K., Cardis, E., Cherrie, J., Christiani, D., Cocco, P., Coggon, D., Comba, P., Demers, P., Dement, J., Douwes, J., Eisen, E., Engel, L., Fenske, R., Fleming, L., Fletcher, T., Fontham, E., Forastiere, F., Frentzel-Beyme, R., Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, M., Goldberg, M., Grandjean, P., Grimsrud, T., Gustavsson, P., Haines, A., Hartge, P., Hansen, J., Hauptmann, M., Heederik, D., Hemminki, K., Hemon, D., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hoppin, J., Huff, J., Jarvholm, B., Kang, D., Karagas, M., Kjaerheim, K., Kjuus, H., Kogevinas, M., Kriebel, D., Kristensen, P., Kromhout, H., Laden, F., Lebailly, P., Lemasters, G., Lubin, J., Lynch, C., Lynge, E., Mannetje, A., McMichael, A., McLaughlin, J., Marrett, L., Martuzzi, M., Merchant, J., Merler, E., Merletti, F., Miller, A., Mirer, F., Monson, R., Nordby, K., Olshan, A., Parent, M., Perera, F., Perry, M., Pesatori, A., Pirastu, R., Porta, M., Pukkala, E., Rice, C., Richardson, D., Ritter, L., Ritz, B., Ronckers, C., Rushton, L., Rusiecki, J., Rusyn, I., Samet, J., Sandler, D., de Sanjose, S., Schernhammer, E., Costantini, A., Seixas, N., Shy, C., Siemiatycki, J., Silverman, D., Simonato, L., Smith, A., Smith, M., Spinelli, J., Spitz, M., Stallones, L., Stayner, L., Steenland, K., Stenzel, M., Stewart, B., Stewart, P., Symanski, E., Terracini, B., Tolbert, P., Vainio, H., Vena, J., Vermeulen, R., Victora, C., Ward, E., Weinberg, C., Weisenburger, D., Wesseling, C., Weiderpass, E., Zahm, S., Pearce, N., Blair, A., Vineis, P., Ahrens, W., Andersen, A., Anto, J., Armstrong, B., Baccarelli, A., Beland, F., Berrington, A., Bertazzi, P., Birnbaum, L., Brownson, R., Bucher, J., Cantor, K., Cardis, E., Cherrie, J., Christiani, D., Cocco, P., Coggon, D., Comba, P., Demers, P., Dement, J., Douwes, J., Eisen, E., Engel, L., Fenske, R., Fleming, L., Fletcher, T., Fontham, E., Forastiere, F., Frentzel-Beyme, R., Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, M., Goldberg, M., Grandjean, P., Grimsrud, T., Gustavsson, P., Haines, A., Hartge, P., Hansen, J., Hauptmann, M., Heederik, D., Hemminki, K., Hemon, D., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hoppin, J., Huff, J., Jarvholm, B., Kang, D., Karagas, M., Kjaerheim, K., Kjuus, H., Kogevinas, M., Kriebel, D., Kristensen, P., Kromhout, H., Laden, F., Lebailly, P., Lemasters, G., Lubin, J., Lynch, C., Lynge, E., Mannetje, A., McMichael, A., McLaughlin, J., Marrett, L., Martuzzi, M., Merchant, J., Merler, E., Merletti, F., Miller, A., Mirer, F., Monson, R., Nordby, K., Olshan, A., Parent, M., Perera, F., Perry, M., Pesatori, A., Pirastu, R., Porta, M., Pukkala, E., Rice, C., Richardson, D., Ritter, L., Ritz, B., Ronckers, C., Rushton, L., Rusiecki, J., Rusyn, I., Samet, J., Sandler, D., de Sanjose, S., Schernhammer, E., Costantini, A., Seixas, N., Shy, C., Siemiatycki, J., Silverman, D., Simonato, L., Smith, A., Smith, M., Spinelli, J., Spitz, M., Stallones, L., Stayner, L., Steenland, K., Stenzel, M., Stewart, B., Stewart, P., Symanski, E., Terracini, B., Tolbert, P., Vainio, H., Vena, J., Vermeulen, R., Victora, C., Ward, E., Weinberg, C., Weisenburger, D., Wesseling, C., Weiderpass, E., and Zahm, S.

Abstract

Background: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans. oBjectives: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed. discussion: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed. conclusions: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public’s health.

Published
2015

15. Bracken fern consumption and human bladder cancer

Author

Brown, L. M., Zahm, S. H., Hoover, R. N., and Fraumeni, J. F.

Subjects
Spores, Inhalation Exposure, Guinea Pigs, Risk Assessment, United Kingdom, Rats, Plants, Toxic, Cricetinae, Carcinogens, Animals, Humans, Cattle, Letters, Mutagens
Abstract

To assess the risk to human health of the plant bracken (Pteridium sp).An evaluation of studies of human and animal populations exposed to bracken, together with a review of expert reports and advice to the public.Bracken induced disease has been demonstrated in animals in both laboratory and field studies. Depending on the species, diseases in animals associated with the plant have included; cancers of the alimentary and urogenital tract, lung and breast; haematuria; retinal degeneration; and, thiamine deficiency. Potential exposure of human populations is through: food either directly (people in some parts of the world eat bracken as a traditional dish) or indirectly by consuming animals fed on bracken; milk; water; inhalation and ingestion of spores; and insect vectors. Four studies of human populations (two analytical and two observational) failed to assess adequately confounding factors and other sources of bias, so that conclusions about a risk to human health from bracken cannot firmly be drawn. Establishing exposure is also extremely difficult in populations (such as the United Kingdom) where direct consumption of bracken is rare.Bracken is a common plant worldwide. It is toxic to many animal species and to several organ systems. There is no tumour (or other disease) that is pathognomic of exposure in animals, though cancers of the alimentary and urogenital tract seem to be the most commonly associated. It is not possible to extrapolate from animal models to humans. Studies of human populations, do not establish a clear risk of bracken to human health, largely because of methodological problems. Testing the evidence against traditional criteria of causality only fulfils the criterion of biological plausibility. Despite this, current public information implies a serious risk to human health from bracken, and increasing media coverage of the subject is likely to lead to greater public concern. Further epidemiological studies are required.

Published
1999

18. Atrazine and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (1994-2007)

Author

Freeman, L. B., primary, Rusiecki, J., additional, Hoppin, J., additional, Lubin, J., additional, Koutros, S., additional, Andreotti, G., additional, Zahm, S. H., additional, Hines, C., additional, Coble, J., additional, Barone-Adesi, F., additional, Sloan, J., additional, Sandler, D., additional, Blair, A., additional, and Alavanja, M., additional

Published
2011
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19. Impact of pesticide exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risks in the Agricultural Health Study

Author

Blair, A., primary, Thomas, K., additional, Coble, J., additional, Sandler, D. P., additional, Hines, C. J., additional, Lynch, C. F., additional, Knott, C., additional, Purdue, M. P., additional, Zahm, S. H., additional, Alavanja, M. C. R., additional, Dosemeci, M., additional, Kamel, F., additional, Hoppin, J. A., additional, Freeman, L. B., additional, and Lubin, J. H., additional

Published
2011
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21. Be the fairest of them all : Challenges and recommendations for the treatment of gender in occupational health research

Author

Messing, K, Punett, L, Alexanderson, Kristina, Pyle, J, Zahm, S, Wegman, D, Stock, S, Grosbois, S, Messing, K, Punett, L, Alexanderson, Kristina, Pyle, J, Zahm, S, Wegman, D, Stock, S, and Grosbois, S

Abstract

Background Both women's and men's occupational health problems merit scientific attention. Researchers need to consider the effect of gender on how occupational health issues are experienced, expressed, defined, and addressed. More serious consideration of gender-related factors will help identify risk factors for both women and men. Methods The authors, who come from a number of disciplines (ergonomics, epidemiology, public health, social medicine, community psychology, economics, sociology) pooled their critiques in order to arrive at the most common and significant problems faced by occupational health researchers who wish to consider gender appropriately. Results This paper describes some ways that gender can be and has been handled in studies of occupational health, as well as some of the consequences. The paper also suggests specific research practices that avoid errors. Obstacles to gender-sensitive practices are considered. Conclusions Although gender-sensitive practices may be difficult to operationalize in some cases, they enrich the scientific quality of research and should lead to better data and ultimately to well-targeted prevention programs. ⌐ 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2003
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25. Personal Use of Hair Dye and the Risk of Certain Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Author

Zhang, Y., primary, Sanjose, S. D., additional, Bracci, P. M., additional, Morton, L. M., additional, Wang, R., additional, Brennan, P., additional, Hartge, P., additional, Boffetta, P., additional, Becker, N., additional, Maynadie, M., additional, Foretova, L., additional, Cocco, P., additional, Staines, A., additional, Holford, T., additional, Holly, E. A., additional, Nieters, A., additional, Benavente, Y., additional, Bernstein, L., additional, Zahm, S. H., additional, and Zheng, T., additional

Published
2008
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30. Genetic variants in caspase genes and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Author

Lan, Q., primary, Zheng, T., additional, Chanock, S., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Shen, M., additional, Wang, S. S., additional, Berndt, S. I., additional, Zahm, S. H., additional, Holford, T. R., additional, Leaderer, B., additional, Yeager, M., additional, Welch, R., additional, Hosgood, D., additional, Boyle, P., additional, and Rothman, N., additional

Published
2006
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36. Cancer incidence and mortality among beta-naphthylamine and benzidine dye workers in Moscow.

Author

BULBULYAN, MARIANA A, FIGGS, LARRY W, ZAHM, SHEILA HOAR, SAVITSKAYA, TATYANA, GOLDFARB, ALEXANDER, ASTASHEVSKY, SERGEI, ZARIDZE, DAVID, Bulbulyan, M A, Figgs, L W, Zahm, S H, Savitskaya, T, Goldfarb, A, Astashevsky, S, and Zaridze, D

Subjects
AMINES, BIPHENYL compounds, BLADDER tumors, DYES & dyeing, LONGITUDINAL method, SEX distribution, TIME, TUMORS, OCCUPATIONAL hazards, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, DISEASE incidence
Abstract

Background: Cancer incidence and mortality were evaluated among 4581 aniline dye production workers in Moscow.Methods: A historical cohort was assembled and followed-up from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1989. Moscow district oncologic dispensary registries furnished case ascertainment and employer records provided job exposure data. Expected cancers and deaths were calculated based on gender-, age-, and calendar time-specific incidence and mortality rates for the Moscow general population applied to the cohort's person-years of follow-up. Disease-specific standardized mortality and incidence values were derived from ratios of observed to expected cancers.Results: Men experienced elevated total cancer mortality (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 125; 95% CI: 110-142) and urinary bladder cancer mortality (SMR = 279; 95% CI: 192-391), and increased all malignancy (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 142; 95% CI: 125-160), oesophageal (SIR = 203; 95% CI: 108-347), respiratory tract (SIR = 154; 95% CI: 120-194) and bladder (SIR = 394; 95% CI: 268-559) cancer incidence. Women had elevated oesophageal (SMR = 313; 95% CI: 124-664) and bladder (SMR = 311; 95% CI: 149-571) cancer mortality and elevated all malignancy (SIR = 124; 95% CI: 106-144), oesophageal (SIR = 348; 95% CI: 140-719), and bladder (SIR = 861; 95% CI: 458-8002) cancer incidence. Bladder cancer rate increased with employment duration and younger age first hired. Rate estimates were highest among beta-naphthylamine exposed workers but was also increased among workers with other chemical exposures. A cancer prevention and control effort that limited benzidine exposure to < or = 3 years was apparently unsuccessful as indicated by a significant excess of bladder cancer (SIR = 1773; 95% CI: 356-5180) among these workers.Conclusion: Relative rates of oesophageal, lung, and stomach cancer were also elevated among all workers, but did not increase with total years worked, age first hired, or year first hired, suggesting a non-occupational aetiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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49. The Agricultural Health Study.

Author

Alavanja, M C, primary, Sandler, D P, additional, McMaster, S B, additional, Zahm, S H, additional, McDonnell, C J, additional, Lynch, C F, additional, Pennybacker, M, additional, Rothman, N, additional, Dosemeci, M, additional, Bond, A E, additional, and Blair, A, additional

Published
1996
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