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Abstract Background There are various frailty assessment tools in the world, and the application choice of frailty assessment tools for the elderly perioperative population varies. It remains unclear which frailty assessment tool is more suitable for the perioperative population in China. To validate the Perioperative Frailty Index (FI-32) derived from the Chinese Hospital Information System by investigating the impact of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes, and ascertain the diagnostic value of FI-32 for predicting postoperative complications through comparing with the FRAIL scale and the modified Frailty Index (mFI-11). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Elderly patients who were 60 years or older and underwent selective operation were included. The FI-32, FRAIL scale, and mFI-11 were assessed. Demographic, surgical variables and outcome variables were extracted from medical records. The data of readmission and mortality within 30 days and 90 days of surgery were ascertained by Telephone follow-up by professionally trained researchers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between frailty and complications. Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to compare FI-32 with mFI-11 and FRAIL, to explore the predictive ability of frailty. Results 335 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, and among them, 201 (60.0%) were females, and the Median(P 25, P 75)age at surgery was 69 (65,74) years. The prevalence of frailty in the study population was 16.4% (assessed by FI-32). After adjusting for concomitant variables including demographic characteristics (such as gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, average monthly income and educational level) and surgical factors (such as surgical approach, surgical site, anesthesia method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and intraoperative fluid intake), there was a statistically significant association between frailty and the development of postoperative complication after surgery (OR = 3.051, 95% CI:1.460–6.378, P = 0.003). There were also significant differences in mortality within 30 days of surgery, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the hospitalization costs. FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 showed a moderate predictive ability for postoperative complications, the Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.582, 0.566 and 0.531, respectively. With adjusting concomitant variables associated with postoperative complications, the AUCs of FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 in the adjusted prediction models were 0.824, 0.827 and 0.820 respectively. Conclusions The FI-32 has a predictive effect on postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly Chinese patients. Compared to FRAIL and mFI-11, the FI-32 had the same ability to predict postoperative complications, and FI-32 can be extracted directly from HIS, which greatly saves the time for clinical medical staff to evaluate perioperative frailty.

Abstract Background Cognitive frailty (CF) is characterized by the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, and it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to CF due to factors such as age-related brain changes and the presence of comorbidities. Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative CF on postoperative complications in older patients. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted among 253 patients aged 60–85 years, who underwent elective orthopedic and abdominal surgery (with a postoperative hospital stay of ≥ 3 days) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from May 2023 to November 2023. CF was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for the cognitive status and the Fried criteria for five frailty scales. Participants were split into four groups: Group A (neither frailty nor cognitive impairment), Group B (frailty without cognitive impairment), Group C (cognitive impairment without frailty), and Group D (cognitive frailty). The primary outcome was postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes included mobility disability, prolonged hospital stay (PLOS), re-operation and 90-day readmission. Results The median age (interquartile range) of participants was 69 (65–73) years, of which 40.3% were male. The prevalence of CF was 17.8%. The incidence of postoperative complications was 18.2% in Group A, 50.0% in Group B, 37.4% in Group C, and 75.6% in Group D. Multivariate analysis revealed that, compared to the control group (without cognitive impairment or frailty), patients with CF had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications (OR, 12.86; 95%CI, 4.23–39.08). “Patients with frailty without cognitive impairment” had an increased risk (OR, 6.53; 95%CI, 2.04–20.9), while “those with cognitive impairment without frailty” also showed a higher risk (OR, 3.46; 95%CI, 1.57–7.64). Conclusions Cognitive frailty is significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing orthopedic and abdominal surgeries with general anesthesia. It indicates that clinicians should pay much attention to these older adults with CF.

To explore the influence of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with different pH and available chlorine contents (ACC) on the germination of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the germination rate was taken as the index, and the germination process of tartary buckwheat sprouts with SAEW was optimized by single factor and response surface experiments. Moreover, to obtain good quality selenium-enriched tartary buckwheat sprouts, the effects of different Na2SeO3 concentrations on tartary buckwheat were studied on the basis of SAEW germination, with the total selenium content and germination rate as indexes. The optimum technological parameters were determined as follows: soaking time 2.3 h, pH6.5, germination temperature 21 ℃ and germination time 108 h. Under these conditions, the germination rate was 84.96%, which was close to the predicted value of the response surface group (85.36%), being 14.3% and 11.71% higher than those of distilled water and tap water groups, respectively. The optimal concentration of Na2SeO3 was 60 mg/L, under which the total selenium content of tartary buckwheat sprouts was 15.5 mg/L, and the germination rate was 85.63%, which were both higher than the predicted and actual values of response surface group. This study provided a theoretical and scientific basis for the development of SAEW and selenium-enriched treatment of tartary buckwheat sprouts.

Objective To better interpret the geological information contained in geophysical logging data and expand the application scope of well logs in geology, Methods several typical cases of representative logging data are analyzed. This analysis seeks to enhance the use of well logs in geological research. Logging data can aid in the deployment of sidetracking wells by identifying tectonic occurrences and variations in their combination characteristics. Image log data also enable determintion of palaeocurrent directions and the identification of bidirectional provenance supply, thus providing refined and scientifically calibrated interpretations in alignment with geological understanding. Results Logging data, often regarded as the "eyes" of geologists, are advantageous for identifying and evaluating pores, caves, fractures, and other subsurface features. These data are crucial for discovering hydrocarbon reservoirs and facilitating the fine and continuous calculation of reserve parameters. The coupling relationships between mudstone resistivity, acoustic interval transit time, and in situ stress in logging curves can also be used to indirectly predict the quality of ultradeep reservoirs and hydrocarbon productivity. Moreover, combining geology, logging, and seismic activity allows for the delineation of hydrocarbon traps and supports oil and gas exploration and production. Conclusion The analysis of these typical cases assists geologists in better interpreting the geological information in logging curves and further broadens the application field and scope of geophysical logging data.

Abstract Background This study explored the relationship between inflammatory markers and glucocorticoid dosage upon admission. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 206 patients with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) admitted to a Children’s Hospital from November 2017 to January 2022. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their methylprednisolone dosage: low-dose (≤ 2 mg/kg/d), medium-dose (2–10 mg/kg/d), and high-dose (≥ 10 mg/kg/d). We compared demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and radiological outcomes. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships between variables. Results The median age was highest in the low-dose group at 7 years, compared to 5.5 years in the medium-dose group and 6 years in the high-dose group (P

Bashang suancai is one of the most wellknown traditional fermented vegetables in North China. The study examined the variations in bacterial diversity, physicochemical properties, and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of Bashang suancai over a 7-day fermentation period, utilizing Illumina NovaSeq sequencing and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The leading bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria, while the predominant bacterial species included Vibrio, Lactiplantibacillus, Cyanobacteriales, Weissella, and Latilactobacillus. The bacterial community diversity decreased significantly following 7 days of fermentation. The microbial profiles were markedly affected by pH, reducing sugar content (RSC), and salt content (SC). A total of 187 VFCs were identified from the specimens. Following 5 days of fermentation, the taste compounds achieved equilibrium, with isothiocyanates, alcohols, and esters predominating among the volatile molecules. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that a strong link between Latilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Weissella, and Vibrio with the flavor of pickles. This study established a significant foundation for identifying strains that enhance taste development and improve the nutritional and sensory quality of Bashang suancai.

IntroductionDifenoconazole (DIFE) is a common pesticide used in citrus cultivation; excessive intake can cause neurological damage to the organism, and the existing colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips cannot meet the requirements for the detection of citrus samples.MethodsDifenoconazole test strip was prepared based on the colloidal gold immunochromatographic technique (GICT), and its application in citrus samples was investigated; with colloidal gold (CG) as the probe, the optimization of GICT parameters, and the determination of reaction method, the immunochromatographic test strips for the detection of DIFE in citrus was developed, and the limit of detection (LOD), specificity, accuracy, and stability of the test strips were verified.ResultsThe results showed that the visual detection limit of the prepared colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips was 0.2 mg/kg and the quantitative range was 0.06–0.6 mg/kg, and the test strips could specifically identify DIFE and have no cross-reaction with other common triazole pesticides. The detection method established in this study was verified by the GC–MS method, and the detection results achieved good consistency (R2 > 0.98).ConclusionThe test strips developed in this study have good performance and can be used for highly sensitive detection of citrus samples.

Abstract Prime editing is limited by low efficiency in plants. Here, we develop an upgraded engineered plant prime editor in hexaploid wheat, ePPEplus, by introducing a V223A substitution into reverse transcriptase in the ePPEmax* architecture. ePPEplus enhances the efficiency by an average 33.0-fold and 6.4-fold compared to the original PPE and ePPE, respectively. Importantly, a robust multiplex prime editing platform is established for simultaneous editing of four to ten genes in protoplasts and up to eight genes in regenerated wheat plants at frequencies up to 74.5%, thus expanding the applicability of prime editors for stacking of multiple agronomic traits.

The method and theoretical system of well logging geology have been widely used in the fields of basic geology, petroleum geology and engineering geology, but the different response sensitivity of different well logging series to geological information and the mismatching between geophysical properties of multiple well logs and geological genesis of rocks frequently result in misunderstandings in the research process of well logging geology. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to analyze the typical misunderstanding cases in the research of well logging geology and explore the corresponding scientific ideas and countermeasures. After analyzing the typical misunderstandings in the research of well logging geology, this paper investigates vertical resolution scale of various logging series and its contradiction with detection depth and illustrates the importance of the integration of different scales of data. In addition, the factor inducing “fake logging data” and its influence on interpretation evaluation are clarified and a set of ideas for well logging evaluation of geological interpretation is put forward. And the following research results are obtained. First, the typical misunderstandings in the research of well logging geology can be classified into two categories, namely geological body interpretation misunderstanding and reservoir property parameter calculation misunderstanding. Second, special geological phenomena, such as high-density and high-resistivity mudstone can lead to logging data ambiguity, so attention shall be paid to petrophysical response mechanisms during geological logging interpretation. Third, to carry out well logging evaluation of unconventional oil and gas, it is necessary to integrate new technologies of electric imaging logging, dipole acoustic logging and nuclear magnetic resonance logging, and the calibration of core data and the integration of geological ideas can improve the interpretation accuracy. Fourth, In the process of borehole structural logging analysis, sedimentary response, geostress evaluation and fracture identification, geological ideas shall be integrated to avoid the logging interpretation misunderstanding caused by the same response of different geological phenomena in well logs. In conclusion, the dialectical and systematic thinking from geology to logging and then to geology, from practice to recognition and then to practice and from “a narrow view” to “a broad view” can provide a scientific ideas for the comprehensive research of well logging geology.

In order to study the control law and effect of the related mechanism of porous media on the turbulent drag reduction of a plate wall, experimental research of a plate laid with porous media was carried out in a low-turbulence, re-flow wind tunnel. First, the hot wire was used to acquire the time-averaged statistics and fluctuation data inside the boundary layer on the plate surface by single point measurement. Then, the fluorescenct oil flow was applied to obtain the global skin friction distribution downstream of the porous media. Finally, through Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry technique, the normal velocity flow field on the surface and the structural information of the near-wall strip were captured in quantitative terms, and the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) was adopted to analyze the strip’s structural features with the mode reduction. The results showed that the drag reduction effect of porous media had a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the flow direction, with the maximum drag reduction rate on the surface of porous media. Meanwhile, the porous media changed the internal structure of the turbulent boundary layer, reduced the velocity gradient of the viscous bottom layer, and decreased the momentum exchange between the inner and outer layers, which suppressed the development of large-scale strip structure and promoted the lift of the spanwise vortices. The results of DMD analysis further explained that the porous media could effectively weaken the strip energy fluctuation and accelerate its spatio–temporal evolution process. Moreover, the second and higher order modes could reach a stable state in shorter time.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CO2 cryotherapy for lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in infants.Patients and methodsA retrospective analysis was undertaken on seven patients with lymph node fistula tracheobronchial tuberculosis who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) interventional therapy in the respiratory department of Tianjin Children's Hospital from July 2012 to July 2020. The efficacy, safety, and prognosis of CO2 cryotherapy intervention for the treatment of lymph node fistula TBTB in infants were summarized and analyzed.ResultsSeven patients with lymph node fistula TBTB were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 6–13 months. The course of the disease from onset to TBTB ranged from 20 to 70 days. The pathological diagnoses of seven cases by FB combined with tissue biopsy were lymph node fistula TBTB, of which 28.57% (two cases) were in the early stage of rupture and 71.43% (five cases) were in the rupture stage. All patients were treated with CO2 cryotherapy combined with foreign body forceps and local injection drugs based on systemic antituberculosis chemotherapy. Two patients were treated once with CO2 cryotherapy, and five were treated three times. According to the comparison of the clinical symptoms, imaging results, and endoscopic presentations before and after the intervention, six patients achieved clinical cure, and one achieved clinical improvement. No severe intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. The clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, radiological manifestations, and quality of life of all patients showed marked improvement. No recurrence occurred after 3–6 months of follow-up with FB.ConclusionCO2 cryotherapy can improve the treatment effect of lymph node fistula in infants with TBTB and reduce the incidence of complications. This treatment is safe and reliable in infants.

With the rapid increase in the number of infections, children with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection secondary to Influenza A virus (IAV), appear to have a great possibility of causing severe complications and illness. Despite some cases and research findings regarding the death of children with IAV and S. aureus, coinfection included, there were few details about successful treatment of pleural empyema and necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection following IAV. In this case report, we describe the clinical symptoms and treatment of a teenager with pleural empyema and necrotizing pneumonia related to S. aureus secondary infection who was initially infected by IAV. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and application of thoracoscopy for this potentially fatal pleural empyema caused by MRSA and IAV coinfection. We conclude that this is a significant case that contributes to raising awareness regarding rarely occurring severe respiratory infections by MRSA in a child with normal immune function after IAV. In addition, further studies are needed to explore risk factors for IAV coinfection with S. aureus.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common abdominal cancer. The existing therapeutic approaches often fail to achieve satisfactory results. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, provides new ideas for anticancer treatment. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related (PR) genes (PRGs) in HCC remain elusive.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (n = 22) were screened out using TCGA and GTEx databases. A novel PR risk signature was constructed through Lasso regression analysis. Its prognostic value was evaluated through a series of survival analyses and was tested in ICGC and GSE14520 cohorts. CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE methods were employed to determine the effects of the PR risk score on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). The TIDE scoring system, IMvigor210 cohort, GSE109211 dataset, and GSDC database were applied to explore the associations of the PR risk score with therapeutic effects. The biofunctions of WNK1 in hepatocellular cancer (HC) cells were confirmed through qPCR, colony formation, and Transwell assays.Results: Overall, 22 of 45 PRGs (48.9%) were abnormally expressed in HCC samples. Then, a PR risk signature consisting of eight PRGs was constructed. A high PR risk score led to an unfavorable prognosis. The PR risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor of HCC and could increase the decision-making benefit of the traditional TNM model. In addition, we established a nomogram containing the clinical stage and PR risk score to predict the survival rates of HCC patients. The prognostic value of the PR model was successfully validated in ICGC and GSE14520 cohorts. Moreover, high PR risk conferred the decreased infiltration level of CD8+ T cells and weakened the activities of “cytolytic activity” pathways. As for therapeutic correlation, a high PR risk score seemed to imply a poor efficacy of PD-1/L1 inhibitors and sorafenib. Finally, the overexpression of WNK1 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HC cells.Conclusions: The PR risk score was closely related to the prognosis, antitumor immune process, therapeutic outcomes, and malignant progression of HCC. WNK1, the core regulator of pyroptosis, possesses pro-oncogenic abilities, showing promise as a novel treatment target.

Flower color is the decisive factor that affects the commercial value of ornamental flowers. Therefore, it is important to study the regulation of flower color formation in lily to discover the positive and negative factors that regulate this important trait. In this study, MYB transcription factors (TFs) were characterized to understand the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily. Two R2R3-MYB TFs, LvMYB5, and LvMYB1, were found to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily flowers. LvMYB5, which has an activation motif, belongs to the SG6 MYB protein subgroup of Arabidopsis thaliana. Transient expression of LvMYB5 indicated that LvMYB5 can promote coloration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and that expression of LvMYB5 increases the expression levels of NbCHS, NbDFR, and NbANS. VIGS experiments in lily petals showed that the accumulation of anthocyanins was reduced when LvMYB5 was silenced. Luciferase assays showed that LvMYB5 can promote anthocyanin synthesis by activating the ANS gene promoter. Therefore, LvMYB5 plays an important role in flower coloration in lily. In addition, the transient expression experiment provided preliminary evidence that LvMYB1 (an R2R3-MYB TF) inhibits anthocyanin synthesis in lily flowers. The discovery of activating and inhibitory factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily provides a theoretical basis for improving flower color through genetic engineering. The results of our study provide a new direction for the further study of the mechanisms of flower color formation in lilies.

Porous media has potential applications in fluid machinery and in aerospace science and engineering due to its excellent drag-reduction properties. We carried out experimental time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) research, laying porous media with different pore densities on the suction side of an airfoil in the low-turbulence recirculation wind tunnel of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to study the effects and mechanisms of porous media on airfoil aerodynamic performance. We also used a smooth airfoil model in the experiment for comparison. Comparing the aerodynamic forces, pressure distributions, and the airfoil’s suction side flow field, we found that the porous media with different pore densities had different effects on the airfoil’s aerodynamic performance. Although the porous media with 20PPI (pores per inch) increased the pressure drag and reduced the airfoil lift, it considerably reduced the friction drag, thus significantly improving the airfoil’s aerodynamic force. The flow visualization results indicated that, although the porous media with 20PPI reduced the circulation of flow velocity around the suction side of airfoil, it also destroyed the vortex structure, broke the low-frequency large-scale vortex into a high-frequency granular vortex, inhibited the amplitude of vortex fluctuation, reduced the shear stress on the airfoil surface, weakened the vortex energy of different modes, and accelerated the vortex’s spatio-temporal evolution.

Few reports exist on QTL mapping of the important economic traits of hawthorn. We hybridized the cultivars 'Shandongdamianqiu' (female parent) and 'Xinbinruanzi' (male parent), and 130 F1 individuals and the two parents were used for RAD-seq, SNP development, and high-density linkage map construction. Three genetic maps were obtained, one for each of the parents and an integrated one. In these three maps, 17 linkage groups were constructed. The female and male parent maps contained 2657 and 4088 SNP markers, respectively, and had genetic distances of 2689.65 and 2558.41 cM, respectively, whereas the integrated map was 2470.02 cM, and contained 6,384 SNP markers. QTL mapping based on six agronomic traits, namely fruit transverse diameter, vertical diameter, single fruit weight, pericarp brittleness, pericarp puncture hardness, and average sarcocarp firmness were conducted, and 25 QTLs were detected in seven linkage groups. Explained phenotypic variation rate ranged from 17.7% to 35%. This genetic map contains the largest number of molecular markers ever obtained from hawthorn and will provide an important future reference for fine QTL mapping of economic traits and molecular assisted selection of hawthorn.

The effects of HPH (high-pressure homogenization) pre-treatment on the functional properties of OPIH (oyster protein isolates hydrolysates) were studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles, solubility, particle size distribution, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity index and microstructure of emulsions were analyzed. Results indicated that HPH pre-treatment increased the accessibility of OPI to trypsin hydrolysis, resulting in decease in particle size, increase in solubility, absolute zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity index. In addition, HPH pre-treated OPIH emulsions became more uniform and the particle size of droplets decreased. These results revealed that HPH pre-treatment has the potential to modify the functional properties of OPIH.

Bashang suancai is one of the most wellknown traditional fermented vegetables in North China. The study examined the variations in bacterial diversity, physicochemical properties, and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of Bashang suancai over a 7-day fermentation period, utilizing Illumina NovaSeq sequencing and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The leading bacterial phyla were Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , and Cyanobacteria , while the predominant bacterial species included Vibrio , Lactiplantibacillus , Cyanobacteriales , Weissella , and Latilactobacillus. The bacterial community diversity decreased significantly following 7 days of fermentation. The microbial profiles were markedly affected by pH, reducing sugar content (RSC), and salt content (SC). A total of 187 VFCs were identified from the specimens. Following 5 days of fermentation, the taste compounds achieved equilibrium, with isothiocyanates, alcohols, and esters predominating among the volatile molecules. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that a strong link between Latilactobacillus , Levilactobacillus , Lactiplantibacillus , Weissella , and Vibrio with the flavor of pickles. This study established a significant foundation for identifying strains that enhance taste development and improve the nutritional and sensory quality of Bashang suancai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are various frailty assessment tools in the world, and the application choice of frailty assessment tools for the elderly perioperative population varies. It remains unclear which frailty assessment tool is more suitable for the perioperative population in China. To validate the Perioperative Frailty Index (FI-32) derived from the Chinese Hospital Information System by investigating the impact of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes, and ascertain the diagnostic value of FI-32 for predicting postoperative complications through comparing with the FRAIL scale and the modified Frailty Index (mFI-11). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Elderly patients who were 60 years or older and underwent selective operation were included. The FI-32, FRAIL scale, and mFI-11 were assessed. Demographic, surgical variables and outcome variables were extracted from medical records. The data of readmission and mortality within 30 days and 90 days of surgery were ascertained by Telephone follow-up by professionally trained researchers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between frailty and complications. Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to compare FI-32 with mFI-11 and FRAIL, to explore the predictive ability of frailty. Results: 335 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, and among them, 201 (60.0%) were females, and the Median(P25, P75)age at surgery was 69 (65,74) years. The prevalence of frailty in the study population was 16.4% (assessed by FI-32). After adjusting for concomitant variables including demographic characteristics (such as gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, average monthly income and educational level) and surgical factors (such as surgical approach, surgical site, anesthesia method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and intraoperative fluid intake), there was a statistically significant association between frailty and the development of postoperative complication after surgery (OR = 3.051, 95% CI:1.460–6.378, P = 0.003). There were also significant differences in mortality within 30 days of surgery, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the hospitalization costs. FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 showed a moderate predictive ability for postoperative complications, the Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.582, 0.566 and 0.531, respectively. With adjusting concomitant variables associated with postoperative complications, the AUCs of FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 in the adjusted prediction models were 0.824, 0.827 and 0.820 respectively. Conclusions: The FI-32 has a predictive effect on postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly Chinese patients. Compared to FRAIL and mFI-11, the FI-32 had the same ability to predict postoperative complications, and FI-32 can be extracted directly from HIS, which greatly saves the time for clinical medical staff to evaluate perioperative frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive frailty (CF) is characterized by the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, and it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to CF due to factors such as age-related brain changes and the presence of comorbidities. Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative CF on postoperative complications in older patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among 253 patients aged 60–85 years, who underwent elective orthopedic and abdominal surgery (with a postoperative hospital stay of ≥ 3 days) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from May 2023 to November 2023. CF was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for the cognitive status and the Fried criteria for five frailty scales. Participants were split into four groups: Group A (neither frailty nor cognitive impairment), Group B (frailty without cognitive impairment), Group C (cognitive impairment without frailty), and Group D (cognitive frailty). The primary outcome was postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes included mobility disability, prolonged hospital stay (PLOS), re-operation and 90-day readmission. Results: The median age (interquartile range) of participants was 69 (65–73) years, of which 40.3% were male. The prevalence of CF was 17.8%. The incidence of postoperative complications was 18.2% in Group A, 50.0% in Group B, 37.4% in Group C, and 75.6% in Group D. Multivariate analysis revealed that, compared to the control group (without cognitive impairment or frailty), patients with CF had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications (OR, 12.86; 95%CI, 4.23–39.08). "Patients with frailty without cognitive impairment" had an increased risk (OR, 6.53; 95%CI, 2.04–20.9), while "those with cognitive impairment without frailty" also showed a higher risk (OR, 3.46; 95%CI, 1.57–7.64). Conclusions: Cognitive frailty is significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing orthopedic and abdominal surgeries with general anesthesia. It indicates that clinicians should pay much attention to these older adults with CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a kind of potential lixiviant for extraction processing. Unlike conventional ionic liquids (ILs), DESs are relatively cheap and environmentally friendly. Herein, three different ChCl‐based DESs, namely, choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/ethylene glycol, as well as choline chloride/propandioic acid, were synthesized and used to enhance bitumen recovery from oil sand by petroleum ether extraction. The results showed a multiphase system formed after mixing the components at ~25°C, consisting of sands and clays, a DES layer, and a petroleum ether layer containing the bitumen. These DESs were immiscible with bitumen or petroleum ether. Coupled with a density difference, a clear phase separation was presented between the bitumen–petroleum ether mixture and DES. The DES functioned as a separating agent, keeping the petroleum ether–bitumen mixture and spent sand apart from each other. The results showed that the bitumen recovery was increased by ~12% compared with that without the DESs. We deduced that the enhancement in the separation may result from the reduction of adhesion between bitumen and sand by the DESs. The ChCl‐based DESs and petroleum ether could be readily recycled to reduce industrial costs. After 10 cycles, the bitumen recovery remained above 86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geophysical well log data are widely used in the field of structural geology, sedimentary geology and petroleum geology. Gaps and misunderstandings are still existing in the scientific interpretation of geophysical well logs. Logging environments and log curves need correction and standardization before interpretation, additionally, there are some special geological phenomena that will mislead the well log interpretation. This review critically highlights the typical misunderstandings existing in the well log data interpretation, and proposes countermeasures as well as scientific interpretation of well logs when encounter these misunderstandings. The factors that affect the well log data acquisition are summarized in terms of types of drilling muds, borehole stability and logging instrument rotation. The vertical resolution of various log series spans a wide range from 5 mm to about 10 m. In the field of structural geology, well logs can be used for determination of stratum attitude, fault recognition, fracture and in situ stress characterization as well as unconformity identification. Lithology and depositional facies can be interpreted using well logs. Well logs aim at finding hydrocarbons, and are used for source rock characterization and logging reservoir evaluation in the petroleum geology field. Then the typical misunderstandings and countermeasures in solving geological issues using geophysical well logs are reviewed from published papers as well as from the authors' personal experiences. This review will provide insights into the scientific interpretation of geophysical well log data, and help solving geological issues for the petrophysicist and geologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous media has potential applications in fluid machinery and in aerospace science and engineering due to its excellent drag-reduction properties. We carried out experimental time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) research, laying porous media with different pore densities on the suction side of an airfoil in the low-turbulence recirculation wind tunnel of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to study the effects and mechanisms of porous media on airfoil aerodynamic performance. We also used a smooth airfoil model in the experiment for comparison. Comparing the aerodynamic forces, pressure distributions, and the airfoil's suction side flow field, we found that the porous media with different pore densities had different effects on the airfoil's aerodynamic performance. Although the porous media with 20PPI (pores per inch) increased the pressure drag and reduced the airfoil lift, it considerably reduced the friction drag, thus significantly improving the airfoil's aerodynamic force. The flow visualization results indicated that, although the porous media with 20PPI reduced the circulation of flow velocity around the suction side of airfoil, it also destroyed the vortex structure, broke the low-frequency large-scale vortex into a high-frequency granular vortex, inhibited the amplitude of vortex fluctuation, reduced the shear stress on the airfoil surface, weakened the vortex energy of different modes, and accelerated the vortex's spatio-temporal evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]