493 results on '"Yasunori Nakamura"'
Search Results
2. Comparison between single-muscle evaluation and cross-sectional area muscle evaluation for predicting the prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
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Hirotaka Takayama, Takuya Yoshimura, Hajime Suzuki, Yuka Hirano, Masahiro Tezuka, Takayuki Ishida, Kiyohide Ishihata, Marie Amitani, Haruka Amitani, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasushi Imamura, Akio Inui, and Norifumi Nakamura
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oral cancer ,sarcopenia ,sliceOmatic® ,Harrell’s concordance index ,C-index ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
IntroductionThe most effective method of assessing sarcopenia has yet to be determined, whether by single muscle or by whole muscle segmentation. The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic value of these two methods using computed tomography (CT) images in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and methodsSex- and age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed for each parameter of sarcopenia related to overall survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Harrell’s concordance index was calculated for each model to assess discriminatory power.ResultsIn this study including 165 patients, a significant correlation was found between the CT-based assessment of individual muscles and their cross-sectional area. Single muscle assessments showed slightly higher discriminatory power in survival outcomes compared to whole muscle assessments, but the difference was not statistically significant, as indicated by overlapping confidence intervals for the C-index between assessments. To further validate our measurements, we classified patients into two groups based on intramuscular adipose tissue content (P-IMAC) of the spinous process muscle. Analysis showed that the higher the P-IMAC value, the poorer the survival outcome.ConclusionOur findings indicate a slight advantage of single-muscle over whole-muscle assessment in prognostic evaluation, but the difference between the two methods is not conclusive. Both assessment methods provide valuable prognostic information for patients with OSCC, and further studies involving larger, independent cohorts are needed to clarify the potential advantage of one method over the other in the prognostic assessment of sarcopenia in OSCC.
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- 2024
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3. Exercise Suppresses Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth via Oncostatin M
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Takuya Yoshimura, Yuka Hirano, Taiji Hamada, Seiya Yokoyama, Hajime Suzuki, Hirotaka Takayama, Hirono Migita, Takayuki Ishida, Yasunori Nakamura, Masahiro Ohsawa, Akihiro Asakawa, Kiyohide Ishihata, and Akihide Tanimoto
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exercise ,myokine ,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ,oncostatin M ,sarcopenia ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Major advances have been made in cancer treatment, but the prognosis for elderly cancer patients with sarcopenia and frailty remains poor. Myokines, which are thought to exert preventive effects against sarcopenia, have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various cancers, but their effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of exercise on the control of HNSCC and to examine the underlying mechanism involved. Mice were injected with HSC-3-M3 cells, a human cell line of highly metastatic and poorly differentiated tongue cancer, at the beginning of the study. Just prior to transplantation, blood was collected from the mice, and the levels of myokines were measured by ELISA. Oncostatin M (OSM), a selected myokine, was added to HSC-3-M3 cells, after which the cell proliferation ability, cell cycle, and protein expression were analyzed in vitro. Tumor cell viability was lower (control: 100%, exercise: 75%), tumors were smaller (control: 26.2 mm3, exercise: 6.4 mm3), and survival was longer in the exercise group than in the control group in vivo. OSM inhibited HSC-3-M3 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The addition of OSM increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, decreased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, and increased the expression of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. These results indicate that exercise may directly inhibit the proliferation of HNSCC cell lines via OSM.
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- 2024
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4. Prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in aged patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
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Takuya Yoshimura, Hajime Suzuki, Hirotaka Takayama, Shotaro Higashi, Yuka Hirano, Masahiro Tezuka, Takayuki Ishida, Kiyohide Ishihata, Marie Amitani, Haruka Amitani, Yasuhiro Nishi, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasushi Imamura, Etsuro Nozoe, Akio Inui, and Norifumi Nakamura
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sarcopenia ,oral squamos cell carcinoma ,inflammatory biomarkers ,nutrition ,frailty ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Background: Better prognostic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) must be developed, particularly within the realm of clinically and frequently administered tests, to advise appropriate clinical therapy and follow-up. In this study, we retrospectively investigated which of the several inflammation-nutrition indicators might predict the prognosis of patients with OSCC.Methods: The preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), CRP-albumin ratio (CAR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutrition status (CONUT), and modified CONUT (mCONUT) were retrospectively evaluated using blood samples collected 1–5 days before surgery. To estimate the effect on the prognosis of tumor progression, the mean values of the markers between stages I/II and III/IV were used for subgroup analysis. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model included all independent variables significantly associated with survival in the univariate analysis to determine the independent variables.Results: A total of 112 patients (69 males and 43 females) with primary OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital were included. There were statistically significant differences in the mean values of monocytes, platelets, and albumin between stages I/II and III/IV. According to the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, a low PNI was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS); women were associated with shorter DFS.Conclusion: The pretreatment PNI had excellent predictive value for the 5-year OS and DFS of patients with OSCC. Future large-scale prospective studies with a high sample size are needed to verify our findings in OSCC patients.
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- 2022
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5. One of the isoamylase isoforms, CMI294C, is required for semi-amylopectin synthesis in the rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae
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Toshiki Maeno, Yuki Yamakawa, Yohei Takiyasu, Hiroki Miyauchi, Yasunori Nakamura, Masami Ono, Noriaki Ozaki, Yoshinori Utsumi, Ugo Cenci, Christophe Colleoni, Steven Ball, Mikio Tsuzuki, and Shoko Fujiwara
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Cyanidioschyzon ,floridean starch ,isoamylase ,red algae ,semi-amylopectin ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Most rhodophytes synthesize semi-amylopectin as a storage polysaccharide, whereas some species in the most primitive class (Cyanidiophyceae) make glycogen. To know the roles of isoamylases in semi-amylopectin synthesis, we investigated the effects of isoamylase gene (CMI294C and CMS197C)-deficiencies on semi-amylopectin molecular structure and starch granule morphology in Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cyanidiophyceae). Semi-amylopectin content in a CMS197C-disruption mutant (ΔCMS197C) was not significantly different from that in the control strain, while that in a CMI294C-disruption mutant (ΔCMI294C) was much lower than those in the control strain, suggesting that CMI294C is essential for semi-amylopectin synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ΔCMI294C strain contained smaller starch granules, while the ΔCMS197C strain had normal size, but donut-shaped granules, unlike those of the control strain. Although the chain length distribution of starch from the control strain displayed a semi-amylopectin pattern with a peak around degree of polymerization (DP) 11–13, differences in chain length profiles revealed that the ΔCMS197C strain has more short chains (DP of 3 and 4) than the control strain, while the ΔCMI294C strain has more long chains (DP ≥12). These findings suggest that CMI294C-type isoamylase, which can debranch a wide range of chains, probably plays an important role in semi-amylopectin synthesis unique in the Rhodophyta.
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- 2022
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6. Comparison between singlemuscle evaluation and crosssectional area muscle evaluation for predicting the prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Hirotaka Takayama, Takuya Yoshimura, Hajime Suzuki, Yuka Hirano, Masahiro Tezuka, Takayuki Ishida, Kiyohide Ishihata, Marie Amitani, Haruka Amitani, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasushi Imamura, Akio Inui, and Norifumi Nakamura
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SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,SURVIVAL rate ,OVERALL survival ,COHORT analysis - Abstract
Introduction: The most effective method of assessing sarcopenia has yet to be determined, whether by single muscle or by whole muscle segmentation. The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic value of these two methods using computed tomography (CT) images in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods: Sex- and age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed for each parameter of sarcopenia related to overall survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Harrell’s concordance index was calculated for each model to assess discriminatory power. Results: In this study including 165 patients, a significant correlation was found between the CT-based assessment of individual muscles and their crosssectional area. Single muscle assessments showed slightly higher discriminatory power in survival outcomes compared to whole muscle assessments, but the difference was not statistically significant, as indicated by overlapping confidence intervals for the C-index between assessments. To further validate our measurements, we classified patients into two groups based on intramuscular adipose tissue content (P-IMAC) of the spinous process muscle. Analysis showed that the higher the P-IMAC value, the poorer the survival outcome. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a slight advantage of single-muscle over whole-muscle assessment in prognostic evaluation, but the difference between the two methods is not conclusive. Both assessment methods provide valuable prognostic information for patients with OSCC, and further studies involving larger, independent cohorts are needed to clarify the potential advantage of one method over the other in the prognostic assessment of sarcopenia in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Prebiotic effects of yeast mannan, which selectively promotes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus in a human colonic microbiota model
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Shunsuke Oba, Tadahiro Sunagawa, Reiko Tanihiro, Kyoko Awashima, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Tetsuji Odani, Yasunori Nakamura, Akihiko Kondo, Daisuke Sasaki, and Kengo Sasaki
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Yeast mannan (YM) is an indigestible water-soluble polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall, with a notable prebiotic effect on the intestinal microbiota. We previously reported that YM increased Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron abundance in in vitro rat faeces fermentation, concluding that its effects on human colonic microbiota should be investigated. In this study, we show the effects of YM on human colonic microbiota and its metabolites using an in vitro human faeces fermentation system. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that YM administration did not change the microbial diversity or composition. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that YM administration significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the relative ratio (with or without YM administration) of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus (r = 0.92), suggesting that these bacteria utilise YM in a coordinated manner. In addition, YM administration increased the production of acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acids. These results demonstrate the potential of YM as a novel prebiotic that selectively increases B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus and improves the intestinal environment. The findings also provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel functional foods.
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- 2020
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8. The relation between mindfulness and the fatigue of women with breast cancer: path analysis
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Kaori Ikeuchi, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Yasunori Nakamura, Tomoko Izawa, Nobuhiko Shinkura, and Kazuko Nin
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Mindfulness ,Breast cancer ,Fatigue ,Oncology ,Breast neoplasms ,Cancer survivors ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Although fatigue is a common and distressing symptom in cancer survivors, the mechanism of fatigue is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between the fatigue and mindfulness of breast cancer survivors using anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance as mediators. Methods Path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect associations between mindfulness and fatigue. Participants were breast cancer survivors who visited a breast surgery department at a university hospital in Japan for hormonal therapy or regular check-ups after treatment. The questionnaire measured cancer-related-fatigue, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from medical records. Results Two-hundred and seventy-nine breast cancer survivors were registered, of which 259 answered the questionnaire. Ten respondents with incomplete questionnaire data were excluded, resulting in 249 participants for the analyses. Our final model fit the data well (goodness of fit index = .993; adjusted goodness of fit index = .966; comparative fit index = .999; root mean square error of approximation = .016). Mindfulness, anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance were related to fatigue, and mindfulness had the most influence on fatigue (β = − .52). Mindfulness affected fatigue not only directly but also indirectly through anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance. Conclusions The study model helps to explain the process by which mindfulness affects fatigue. Our results suggest that mindfulness has both direct and indirect effects on the fatigue of breast cancer survivors and that mindfulness can be used to more effectively reduce their fatigue. It also suggests that health care professionals should be aware of factors such as anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance in their care for fatigue of breast cancer survivors. Trial registration This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN number. 000027720 ) on June 12, 2017.
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- 2020
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9. D- and l-amino acid concentrations in culture broth of Lactobacillus are highly dependent on the phylogenetic group of Lactobacillus
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Hirosuke Sugahara, Keitaro Nagayama, Shiori Ikeda, Tatsuhiko Hirota, and Yasunori Nakamura
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Probiotics ,Lactobacillus ,Amino acid ,d-amino acid ,d-alanine ,Cluster analysis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
d-amino acids produced by Lactobacillus are thought to contribute to the taste quality and health functions; however, no studies have comprehensively evaluated the concentrations of the D- and L-forms of amino acids separately in individual Lactobacillus strains. To gain insight into amino acid concentrations in Lactobacillus, we evaluated amino acid concentrations in culture broth of Lactobacillus separately for the D- and L-forms. Lactobacillus strains were cultured in culture broth, and the amino acid concentrations in supernatant were assessed. The amino acid concentrations obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were subjected to cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance with Ward's minimum variance method. In the analysis of amino acid concentrations under culture with different monosaccharides, the distances among strains cultured with the same monosaccharide were significantly greater than those among cultures of the same strain under different monosaccharides (p
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- 2021
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10. Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 on Mild Menopausal Symptoms in Middle-Aged Women
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Daisuke Sawada, Tomonori Sugawara, Tatsuhiko Hirota, and Yasunori Nakamura
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paraprobiotics/probiotics ,women’s health ,menopause ,psychological effect ,gut–brain axis ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) is a paraprobiotic that exhibits beneficial effects on the intestinal function and microbiota, and increases resistance to psychological stress. The stress response mechanism mainly involves the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which is influenced by the gut–brain axis. Furthermore, the gut–brain axis also communicates bidirectionally with the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes share a common route that affects both mental and health aspects in women. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial aimed to analyze the influence of the intake of CP2305 on mild symptoms associated with menopause. Eighty women aged 40–60 years ingested CP2305 or placebo tablets for six consecutive menstrual cycles. Assessment was based on the observation of climacteric symptoms with two validated questionnaires—the Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) and the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS). The results showed that CP2305 provided significant relief in the SMI total score, SMI vasomotor score, SMI psychological score, GCS total score, GCS somatic score, and GCS vasomotor score compared to the placebo. The percentage of women with symptom relief for the SMI total score was 75.0%, with 30 of 40 women in the CP2305 group, and 55.0%, with 22 of 40 women in the placebo group (p = 0.0594). These findings provide new insights into the function of paraprobiotic CP2305 in relieving mild climacteric symptoms in women.
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- 2022
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11. The relationship between the fine structure of amylopectin and the type of crystalline allomorph of starch granules in rice endosperm
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Yasunori Nakamura, Kazuki Yashiro, Go Matsuba, Yifei Wang, Goro Mizutani, Masami Ono, and Jinsong Bao
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Organic Chemistry ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
12. Evaluation of Data-Driven Respiration Gating in Continuous Bed Motion in Lung Lesions
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Takeshi Nii, Shota Hosokawa, Tomoya Kotani, Hiroshi Domoto, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasutomo Tanada, Ryotaro Kondo, and Yasuyuki Takahashi
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Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
13. Effects of BEIIb-Deficiency on the Cluster Structure of Amylopectin and the Internal Structure of Starch Granules in Endosperm and Culm of Japonica-Type Rice
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Yasunori Nakamura, Masami Ono, Tamao Hatta, Keiji Kainuma, Kazuki Yashiro, Go Matsuba, Akira Matsubara, Akio Miyazato, and Goro Mizutani
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cereal endosperm ,amylopectin structure ,small angle X-ray scattering ,starch branching enzyme IIb ,starch biosynthesis ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
It is known that one of starch branching enzyme (BE) isoforms, BEIIb, plays a specific role not only in the synthesis of distinct amylopectin cluster structure, but also in the formation of the internal structure of starch granules in rice endosperm because in its absence the starch crystalline polymorph changes to the B-type from the typical A-type found in the wild-type (WT) cereal endosperm starch granules. In the present study, to examine the contribution of BEIIb to the amylopectin cluster structure, the chain-length distributions of amylopectin and its phosphorylase-limit dextrins (Φ-LD) from endosperm and culm of a null be2b mutant called amylose-extender (ae) mutant line, EM10, were compared with those of its WT cultivar, Kinmaze, of japonica rice. The results strongly suggest that BEIIb specifically formed new short chains whose branch points were localized in the basal part of the crystalline lamellae and presumably in the intermediate between the crystalline and amorphous lamellae of amylopectin clusters in the WT endosperm, whereas in its absence branch points which were mainly formed by BEI were only located in the amorphous lamellae of amylopectin. These differences in the cluster structure of amylopectin between Kinmaze and EM10 endosperm were considered to be responsible for the differences in the A-type and B-type crystalline structures of starch granules between Kinmaze and EM10, respectively. The changes in internal structure of starch granules caused by BEIIb were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state 13C NMR, and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It was noted that the size the amylopectin cluster in ae endosperm (approximately 8.24 nm) was significantly smaller than that in WT endosperm (approximately 8.81 nm). Based on the present results, we proposed a model for the cluster structure of amylopectin in WT and ae mutant of rice endosperm. We also hypothesized the role of BEIIa in amylopectin biosynthesis in culm where BEIIb was not expressed and instead BEIIa was the major BE component in WT of rice.
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- 2020
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14. Author Correction: Prebiotic effects of yeast mannan, which selectively promotes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus in a human colonic microbiota model
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Shunsuke Oba, Tadahiro Sunagawa, Reiko Tanihiro, Kyoko Awashima, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Tetsuji Odani, Yasunori Nakamura, Akihiko Kondo, Daisuke Sasaki, and Kengo Sasaki
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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- 2021
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15. Prognostic Role of Preoperative Sarcopenia Evaluation of Cervical Muscles with Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Takuya Yoshimura, Hajime Suzuki, Hirotaka Takayama, Shotaro Higashi, Yuka Hirano, Masahiro Tezuka, Takayuki Ishida, Kiyohide Ishihata, Marie Amitani, Haruka Amitani, Yasuhiro Nishi, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasushi Imamura, Etsuro Nozoe, and Norifumi Nakamura
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oral cancer ,head and neck cancer ,sarcopenia ,computed tomography ,cervical muscles ,psoas muscle index ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is at a risk of poor prognosis. There is no universal consensus on how to assess sarcopenia in patients with OSCC in daily practice. It is important to validate the usefulness of sarcopenia assessment from cervical muscles, which are frequently used in routine clinical practice in patients with OSCC. In this study, we investigated whether preoperative lumbar (L3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in OSCC patients were associated with cervical (C3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity from CT measurements. We also investigated whether skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in the C3 muscles were associated with survival rates in patients with OSCC. We demonstrated that both the quality and quantity of muscle between the C3 and L3 levels were positively correlated with each other. We also demonstrated that the survival rates in patients with low sternocleidomastoid muscle mass index, high processus spinosus muscle-intramuscular adipose tissue content, and the combination of both were significantly lower than those in the controls. These results suggest that the assessment of sarcopenia from multiple neck muscles by preoperative CT measurements may be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with OSCC.
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- 2021
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16. Contributions of Three Starch Branching Enzyme Isozymes to the Fine Structure of Amylopectin in Rice Endosperm
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Takayuki Sawada, Mizuho Itoh, and Yasunori Nakamura
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amylopectin ,chain-length distribution ,endosperm ,rice ,starch ,starch biosynthesis ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Three starch branching enzyme (BE) isozymes, BEI, BEIIa, and BEIIb, are involved in starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Past in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that each BE isozyme plays a distinct role in forming the fine structure of amylopectin. To elucidate more details of their roles, we prepared DNA constructs in which all the possible combinations of the expressions of these three isozymes were suppressed in developing rice endosperm. Analysis of the chain-length distributions of amylopectin produced under these various conditions confirmed the contributions of the individual BE isozymes to the fine structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm. Among these isozymes, the impact of loss of BEIIb activity on amylopectin fine structure was most remarkable and indicated that it plays a specific role in the synthesis of short chains with a 6–13 degree of polymerization (DP). The contribution of BEI to the amylopectin synthesis was unclear when only BEI activity was reduced. It was clear, however, when both BEI and BEIIb activities were substantially inhibited. The DP11-22 intermediate chains were markedly reduced in the ΔBEI/BEIIb line compared with the ΔBEIIb line, indicating that BEI plays a distinct role in the synthesis of these intermediate chains. Although no substantial change in amylopectin chain profile was detected in the ΔBEIIa line, the role of BEIIa could be deciphered by analyzing amylopectin fine structure from the ΔBEI/BEIIa/BEIIb line in comparison to that from ΔBEI/BEIIb line. This strongly suggests that BEIIa compensates for the role of BEI, rather than that of BEIIb, by forming intermediate chains of DP11-22. In addition, the new possibility that BEIIa is involved in the formation of starch granules in rice endosperm was suggested because the onset temperature for gelatinization of starch granules in the ΔBEIIa/BEIIb line was significantly higher than that in the ΔBEIIb line. In summary, the present study highlights the distinct roles of BEI, BEIIa, and BEIIb in the synthesis of amylopectin in developing rice endosperm.
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- 2018
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17. Evaluation of the Level of Achievement and Issues in Gerontological Nursing Practice During COVID-19.
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Yuko Kawakami, Yasunori Nakamura, Ayako Matsuo, and Atsuko Emoto
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GERIATRIC nursing ,COVID-19 pandemic ,ACTIVE learning ,CURRICULUM ,ANXIETY - Abstract
This study examined the achievements and issues in online case development and online practice in elderly care facilities, which were implemented as alternative measures during COVID-19, in addition to regular hospital care. When said achievements were assessed using the gerontological nursing core curriculum scale, hospital practice, which included patient interaction, scored higher than online practice in “risk assessment of health disorders” and “comprehensive assessment of elderly people.” However, the online case development practice, where nurses could work at their own pace, scored as high as hospital practice in the “exploration of nursing to allow an individual to live true to themselves.” Furthermore, when the advantages and disadvantages of each form of practice were examined using quantitative text analysis, online practice caused anxiety due to the inability to grasp the progress of others, as well as difficulties in discussions. These factors hinder active learning, such as group work, which is necessary for team medicine and multidisciplinary cooperation in integrated community care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Effects of Yeast Mannan Which Promotes Beneficial Bacteroides on the Intestinal Environment and Skin Condition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
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Reiko Tanihiro, Katsuhisa Sakano, Shunsuke Oba, Chikako Nakamura, Kohji Ohki, Tatsuhiko Hirota, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Shukuko Ebihara, and Yasunori Nakamura
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yeast mannan ,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ,Bacteroides ovatus ,prebiotics ,gut microbiota ,equol ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Yeast mannan (YM) is an indigestible water-soluble polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall. In vitro fecal fermentation studies showed that YM could exhibit a notable prebiotic effect. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of YM intake on the intestinal environment and skin condition. One hundred and ten healthy female subjects aged 30–49 years were supplemented with YM or placebo for eight weeks. Skin dryness was set as the primary endpoint. No side effects were observed during the study. Microbiota analyses revealed that YM intake selectively increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus compared to that by placebo. Feces and urine analyses showed that YM intake lowered the concentration of fecal p-cresol, indole, and skatole, and elevated urinal equol levels compared to those in placebo. Furthermore, YM supplementation ameliorated subjective skin dryness. This study suggests that YM intake could promote beneficial Bacteroides and improve the intestinal environment and skin condition.
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- 2020
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19. Impact of Preoperative Low Prognostic Nutritional Index and High Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Content on Outcomes of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Takuya Yoshimura, Hajime Suzuki, Hirotaka Takayama, Shotaro Higashi, Yuka Hirano, Masahiro Tezuka, Takayuki Ishida, Kiyohide Ishihata, Yasuhiro Nishi, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasushi Imamura, Etsuro Nozoe, and Norifumi Nakamura
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oral squamous cell carcinoma ,sarcopenia ,computed tomography ,psoas muscle mass index ,intramuscular adipose tissue content ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The impact of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients remains controversial. We investigated the effects of the preoperative nutritional status and abnormalities in body composition on the mortality of OSCC patients. A retrospective study involving 103 patients with OSCC was conducted. Disease-specific survival (DSS) according to the preoperative psoas muscle mass index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive performance of the covariates with respect to DSS. The DSS rate in patients with high IMAC and low PMI was significantly lower than that in controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and high IMAC were independent risk factors. We demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition and abnormal body composition, such as preoperative skeletal muscle quality, are associated with DSS in OSCC patients. Our study suggests that the evaluation of preoperative malnutrition and skeletal muscle quality would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with OSCC.
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- 2020
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20. Suppressed expression of starch branching enzyme 1 and 2 increases resistant starch and amylose content and modifies amylopectin structure in cassava
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Yoshie Okamoto, Chikako Utsumi, Yoshinori Utsumi, Satoshi Takahashi, Motoaki Seki, Yasunori Nakamura, Masami Ono, and Maho Tanaka
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Manihot ,food.ingredient ,Starch ,Amylopectin ,Plant Science ,Genetically modified crops ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Amylose ,RNA interference ,1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme ,Carbohydrate Conformation ,Genetics ,Food science ,Resistant starch ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Resistant Starch ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Transformation (genetics) ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Transcriptome ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
Suppression of starch branching enzymes 1 and 2 in cassava leads to increased resistant starch content through the production of high-amylose and modification of the amylopectin structure. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy root crop used for human consumption as a staple food and industrial applications. Starch is synthesized by various isoforms of several enzymes. However, the function of starch branching enzymes (SBEs) in starch biosynthesis and mechanisms of starch regulation in cassava have not been understood well. In this study, we aimed to suppress the expression of SBEs in cassava to generate starches with a range of distinct properties, in addition to verifying the functional characteristics of the SBEs. One SBE1, two SBE2, and one SBE3 genes were classified by phylogenetic analysis and amino acid alignment. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed tissue-specific expression of SBE genes in the tuberous roots and leaves of cassava. We introduced RNAi constructs containing fragments of SBE1, SBE2, or both genes into cassava by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and assessed enzymatic activity of SBE using tuberous roots and leaves from these transgenic plants. Simultaneous suppression of SBE1 and SBE2 rendered an extreme starch phenotype compared to suppression of SBE2 alone. Degree of polymerization of 6-13 chains in amylopectin was markedly reduced by suppression of both SBE1 and SBE2 in comparison to the SBE2 suppression; however, no change in chain-length profiles was observed in the SBE1 suppression alone. The role of SBE1 and SBE2 may have functional overlap in the storage tissue of cassava. Simultaneous suppression of SBE1 and SBE2 resulted in highly resistant starch with increased apparent amylose content compared to suppression of SBE2 alone. This study provides valuable information for understanding starch biosynthesis and suggests targets for altering starch quality.
- Published
- 2021
21. High Temperature Properties of CO2 Gas Mixture with O2 and HFO-1234yf Decompositions: Predominant Molecular Products and Critical Electric Field Strength at 300-3000 K
- Author
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Takehiro Sugita, Tatsuya Ishii, Motohiro Sato, Yasunori Nakamura, Naoto Kodama, and Yasunobu Yokomizu
- Subjects
Materials science ,HFO-1234yf ,Electric field ,Analytical chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2021
22. Effects of Denture Cleaning Regimens on the Quantity of Candida on Dentures: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Nursing Home Residents
- Author
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Yasuhiro Nishi, Katsura Seto, Mamoru Murakami, Kae Harada, Masakazu Ishii, Yuji Kamashita, Shinichiro Kawamoto, Tohru Hamano, Takuya Yoshimura, Asutsugu Kurono, Yasunori Nakamura, and Masahiro Nishimura
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,oral care ,denture cleaning regimen ,nursing home residents ,denture cleanser - Abstract
Oral care involving a denture cleaning regimen is important for reducing the incidence of systemic diseases. However, limited information is currently available on denture cleaning frequencies and regimens. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the number of Candida spp. present on the complete dentures of nursing home residents and cleaning regimens. Residents were surveyed to assess their denture cleaning methods. Plaque was collected by applying a sterile swab to the mucosal surface of each examined complete denture worn by 77 residents, and the Candida spp. collected were cultured, identified, and quantified. The relationship between denture cleaning regimens and the quantity of Candida spp. was investigated. Correlation and multivariable analyses revealed that the strongest factor influencing the number of Candida spp. on dentures was the frequency of use of denture cleansers. The number of Candida spp. was the lowest on dentures cleaned daily with a denture cleanser. The present results demonstrated that the daily use of a denture cleanser effectively controlled the adherence of Candida spp. to dentures. Oral and other healthcare providers need to provide instructions on and assist nursing home residents with the daily care of dentures, using denture cleansers, including the environment where cleaning is performed.
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- 2022
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23. Daily Intake of Paraprobiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 Improves Pre-Obese Conditions and Affects the Gut Microbial Community in Healthy Pre-Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
- Author
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Tomonori Sugawara, Daisuke Sawada, Sae Yanagihara, Yumeko Aoki, Isao Takehara, Hirosuke Sugahara, Tatsuhiko Hirota, Yasunori Nakamura, and Susumu Ishikawa
- Subjects
lactobacillus amylovorus cp1563 ,paraprobiotics ,10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid ,obesity ,clinical trial ,gut microbiota ,butyrate-producing bacteria ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Despite the fact that gut microbiota is closely associated with obesity, few studies have focused on the influences of paraprobiotics as food ingredients on both obesity prevention and the gut microbial community. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 (CP1563) as a paraprobiotic for obesity prevention and investigated its effects on the gut microbial community in pre-obese subjects. One hundred sixty-nine healthy subjects with a body mass index from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 ingested beverages with or without the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (10-HOA) for 12 weeks. The changes in abdominal, total, visceral, and subcutaneous fatty areas were significantly lower in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA revealed that the changes in the abundances of the genera Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae;g were significantly greater in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group, and the changes in the abundances of the genus Collinsella was significantly smaller in the CP1563-10HOA group than in the placebo group. Our results showed that continuous ingestion of the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-HOA reduced abdominal body fat and affected the gut microbial community in pre-obese healthy subjects. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the anti-obesity effect of paraprobiotics and gut microbiota.
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- 2020
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24. Combined Supplementation with Glycine and Tryptophan Reduces Purine-Induced Serum Uric Acid Elevation by Accelerating Urinary Uric Acid Excretion: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
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Shunji Oshima, Sachie Shiiya, and Yasunori Nakamura
- Subjects
glycine ,purines ,tryptophan ,uric acid ,urinary ph ,urate clearance ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The authors previously confirmed the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the combination of glycine and tryptophan in subjects with mild hyperuricemia. This study examined whether combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan suppressed the elevation in serum uric acid levels caused by purine ingestion and accelerated urinary uric acid excretion in subjects with lower urate excretion using a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Healthy Japanese adult males with lower urate excretion ingested water containing purines in addition to dextrin (placebo), tryptophan, glycine, or a glycine and tryptophan mixture. The combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly reduced the elevated serum uric acid levels after purine ingestion. Glycine alone and in combination with tryptophan significantly increased urinary uric acid excretion and urate clearance compared with the effects of the placebo. Urinary pH increased by the ingestion of the mixture. These results suggested that the improved water solubility of uric acid due to increased urinary pH contributed to the increase of urinary uric acid excretion.
- Published
- 2019
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25. An updating approach for knowledge‐based planning models to improve plan quality and variability in volumetric‐modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer
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Mikoto Tamura, Kazuki Kubo, Yasumasa Nishimura, Kiyoshi Nakamatsu, Kenji Nakamura, Katsuya Okuhata, Hajime Monzen, Yasunori Nakamura, Masao Tanooka, Masakazu Otsuka, and Yoshihiro Ueda
- Subjects
Male ,Organs at Risk ,RapidPlan ,Knowledge based planning ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Specific knowledge ,Prostate cancer ,medicine ,Radiation Oncology Physics ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Model configuration ,Instrumentation ,standardization ,Radiation ,business.industry ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,knowledge‐based planning ,medicine.disease ,Volumetric modulated arc therapy ,Regression ,Radiation therapy ,Conformity index ,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ,model update ,Nuclear medicine ,business - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the dose–volume parameters and regression scatter plots of the iteratively improved RapidPlan (RP) models, specific knowledge‐based planning (KBP) models, in volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer over three periods. Methods A RP1 model was created from 47 clinical intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/VMAT plans. A RP2 model was created to exceed dosimetric goals which set as the mean values +1SD of the dose–volume parameters of RP1 (50 consecutive new clinical VMAT plans). A RP3 model was created with more strict dose constraints for organs at risks (OARs) than RP1 and RP2 models (50 consecutive anew clinical VMAT plans). Each RP model was validated against 30 validation plans (RP1, RP2, and RP3) that were not used for model configuration, and the dose–volume parameters were compared. The Cook's distances of regression scatterplots of each model were also evaluated. Results Significant differences (p
- Published
- 2021
26. Impact of preoperative low prognostic nutritional index and high intramuscular adipose tissue content on outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
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Hajime Suzuki, Yuka Hirano, Takuya Yoshimura, Masahiro Tezuka, Shotaro Higashi, Yasunori Nakamura, Etsuro Nozoe, Hirotaka Takayama, Takayuki Ishida, and Norifumi Nakamura
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Index (economics) ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Adipose tissue ,Basal cell ,business ,Gastroenterology - Published
- 2021
27. Serum Uric Acid-Lowering Effects of Combined Glycine and Tryptophan Treatments in Subjects with Mild Hyperuricemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
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Shunji Oshima, Sachie Shiiya, and Yasunori Nakamura
- Subjects
glycine ,tryptophan ,uric acid ,urinary pH ,triglyceride ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
We determined the serum uric acid-lowering effects of combined daily supplementation of glycine and tryptophan in patients with mild hyperuricemia using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Japanese healthy adult males and females with mild hyperuricemia (fasting serum uric acid of 6.6–7.9 mg/dL) ingested a powder mixture containing 3.0 g of glycine and 0.2 g of tryptophan or a placebo powder once daily at bedtime for 6 weeks. Combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (from 7.1 mg/dL to 6.7 mg/dL, p = 0.004) before and after the trial. Serum uric acid concentrations significantly decreased in the subjects supplemented with the amino acid mixture compared with those in placebo-treated subjects (p = 0.028). In addition, the combination treatment with glycine and tryptophan decreased serum triglyceride levels (from 119 mg/dL to 86 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Increased solubility of uric acid caused by urinary pH were likely contributors to the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the amino acid mixture.
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- 2019
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28. Yeast mannan increases Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron abundance and suppresses putrefactive compound production in in vitro fecal microbiota fermentation
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Yasunori Nakamura, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Yu Shimada, Shunsuke Oba, Tadahiro Sunagawa, Kazuto Washida, and Reiko Tanihiro
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Cell wall ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ingredient ,fluids and secretions ,medicine ,Food science ,Molecular Biology ,Feces ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Chemistry ,Prebiotic ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,In vitro ,Yeast ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,030104 developmental biology ,Fermentation ,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Yeast mannan is a part of yeast cell wall and can potentially affect gut microflora as a soluble dietary fiber. We demonstrated that yeast mannan suppressed putrefactive production and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in in vitro fecal fermentation. These results suggest that yeast mannan can be used as a novel prebiotic food ingredient.
- Published
- 2020
29. Effects of
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Daisuke, Sawada, Tomonori, Sugawara, Tatsuhiko, Hirota, and Yasunori, Nakamura
- Subjects
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Lactobacillus gasseri ,Humans ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Female ,Menopause ,Middle Aged ,Climacteric - Published
- 2022
30. Dielectric Breakdown Properties for High Temperature HFO-1234yf/CO2 Gas Mixture with Consideration of Predominant Molecular Products at 300–3000 K
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Takehiro Sugita, Yasunobu Yokomizu, Naoto Kodama, Yasunori Nakamura, and Motohiro Sato
- Published
- 2022
31. Molecular regulation of starch metabolism
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Yasunori Nakamura, Martin Steup, Christophe Colleoni, Alberto A. Iglesias, Jinsong Bao, Naoko Fujita, and Ian Tetlow
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ddc:580 ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Genetics ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Starch ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Institut für Biochemie und Biologie - Published
- 2022
32. Comparison of Chain-Length Preferences and Glucan Specificities of Isoamylase-Type α-Glucan Debranching Enzymes from Rice, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteria.
- Author
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Taiki Kobayashi, Satoshi Sasaki, Yoshinori Utsumi, Naoko Fujita, Kazuhiro Umeda, Takayuki Sawada, Akiko Kubo, Jun-Ichi Abe, Christophe Colleoni, Steven Ball, and Yasunori Nakamura
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
It has been believed that isoamylase (ISA)-type α-glucan debranching enzymes (DBEs) play crucial roles not only in α-glucan degradation but also in the biosynthesis by affecting the structure of glucans, although molecular basis on distinct roles of the individual DBEs has not fully understood. In an attempt to relate the roles of DBEs to their chain-length specificities, we analyzed the chain-length distribution of DBE enzymatic reaction products by using purified DBEs from various sources including rice, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. When DBEs were incubated with phytoglycogen, their chain-length specificities were divided into three groups. First, rice endosperm ISA3 (OsISA3) and Eschericia coli GlgX (EcoGlgX) almost exclusively debranched chains having degree of polymerization (DP) of 3 and 4. Second, OsISA1, Pseudomonas amyloderamosa ISA (PsaISA), and rice pullulanase (OsPUL) could debranch a wide range of chains of DP≧3. Third, both cyanobacteria ISAs, Cyanothece ATCC 51142 ISA (CytISA) and Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 ISA (ScoISA), showed the intermediate chain-length preference, because they removed chains of mainly DP3-4 and DP3-6, respectively, while they could also react to chains of DP5-10 and 7-13 to some extent, respectively. In contrast, all these ISAs were reactive to various chains when incubated with amylopectin. In addition to a great variation in chain-length preferences among various ISAs, their activities greatly differed depending on a variety of glucans. Most strikingly, cyannobacteria ISAs could attack branch points of pullulan to a lesser extent although no such activity was found in OsISA1, OsISA3, EcoGlgX, and PsaISA. Thus, the present study shows the high possibility that varied chain-length specificities of ISA-type DBEs among sources and isozymes are responsible for their distinct functions in glucan metabolism.
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- 2016
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33. Determination of Organic Acids in Honey by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Hiroto Kawashima, Yasunori Nakamura, and Momoka Suto
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Detection limit ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,010401 analytical chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Capillary electrophoresis ,chemistry ,Succinic acid ,Gluconic acid ,Tartaric acid ,Malic acid ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Citric acid ,Safety Research ,Food Science ,Organic acid - Abstract
Organic acids in honeys are currently quantified by enzymatic, capillary zone electrophoresis, and chromatographic methods; however, these methods have long analysis times and low sensitivities and selectivities. Here, we developed a simple, rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)–based method for the determination of organic acids: gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid in honey. First, we evaluated the linearity, matrix effects, detection limits, quantification limits, and repeatability of our method; the limit of detection for organic acids ranged from 0.005 to 0.70 mg/kg. In this study, it was 8 to 31 times higher sensitive than the high-performance liquid chromatography method. We then used our method to determine the concentrations of gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid in 25 honey samples. Gluconic acid was found to account for 64.6 to 99.8% of the total organic acids in the samples. From the correlation and statistical analysis of each component, it is considered that the organic acid is produced by worker bee enzymes such as glucose oxidase and the TCA cycle. The developed method, which has high sensitivity and selectivity, will enable the analysis of more complex and low-concentration components.
- Published
- 2020
34. A study on thermal‐interrupting performance improvement of SF6gas circuit breaker by promotion of nozzle ablation
- Author
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Kawana Takashi, Katsuhiko Horinouchi, Yasunori Nakamura, Yoshinori Shimizu, Shuichi Hiza, Yuji Yoshitomo, Yasunobu Yokomizu, and Motohiro Sato
- Subjects
Materials science ,Nuclear engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nozzle ,Ablation ,Pressure rise ,Promotion (rank) ,Thermal ,medicine ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Performance improvement ,Circuit breaker ,media_common - Published
- 2020
35. Calculation Method of Gas-Pressure Rising Process in Puffer Chamber of High-Voltage SF6 Circuit-Breaker
- Author
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Yasunori Nakamura, Katsuhiko Horinouchi, Yoshinori Shimizu, Yasunobu Yokomizu, Motohiro Sato, and Yuji Yoshitomo
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Materials science ,Gas pressure ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nozzle ,medicine ,Process (computing) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,High voltage ,Mechanics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Ablation ,Circuit breaker - Published
- 2020
36. Dynamic whole-body 18F-FDG PET for differentiating abnormal lesions from physiological uptake
- Author
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Nagara Tamaki, Motoki Nishimura, Kei Yamada, Yasunori Nakamura, Chisa Bamba, Maki Kiba, Shigenori Matsushima, and Tomoya Kotani
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business.industry ,Urinary system ,Stomach ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,Pet imaging ,medicine.disease ,Small intestine ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,18f fdg pet ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Whole body ,Pathological - Abstract
Serial assessment of visual change in 18F-FDG uptake on whole-body 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed to differentiate pathological uptake from physiological uptake in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. In 88 suspected cancer patients, serial 3-min dynamic whole-body PET imaging was performed four times, from 60 min after 18F-FDG administration. In dynamic image evaluation, high 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated by two nuclear medicine physicians and classified as “changed” or “unchanged” based on change in uptake shape over time. Detectability of pathological uptake based on these criteria was assessed and compared with conventional image evaluation. Dynamic whole-body PET imaging provided images of adequate quality for visual assessment. Dynamic image evaluation was “changed” in 118/154 regions of high physiological 18F-FDG uptake (77%): in 9/19 areas in the stomach (47%), in 32/39 in the small intestine (82%), in 17/33 in the colon (52%), and in 60/63 in the urinary tract (95%). In the 86 benign or malignant lesions, 84 lesions (98%) were “unchanged.” A high 18F-FDG uptake area that shows no change over time using these criteria is highly likely to represent pathological uptake, with sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 76%, PPV of 70%, NPV of 98%, and accuracy of 84%. Dynamic whole-body 18F-FDG PET imaging enabled differentiation of pathological uptake from physiological uptake in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, based on visual change of uptake shape.
- Published
- 2020
37. Lactobacillus curvatus CP2998 Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes
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Ryo Katsuki, Reiko Nakao, Shinji Sakata, Katsutaka Oishi, and Yasunori Nakamura
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glucocorticoid receptor ,Atrophy ,Ubiquitin ,Internal medicine ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Dexamethasone ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Myogenesis ,Chemistry ,Skeletal muscle ,medicine.disease ,Muscle atrophy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To investigate whether heat-killed Lactobacillus curvatus CP2998 (CP2998) inhibits glucocorticoid-induced myotube atrophy which is associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) in the presence or absence of CP2998. DEX exposure significantly decreased myotube diameters and increased mRNA expression levels of MuRF1 and MAFbx, E3 ubiquitin ligases. CP2998 treatment restored myotube diameters and dose dependently decreased mRNA expression levels of these E3 ubiquitin ligases. CP2998 treatment also inhibited DEX-induced glucocorticoid dependent transcription. Our results suggest that CP2998 prevents DEX-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing glucocorticoid receptor activation.
- Published
- 2019
38. Inhibitory Effect of the Glycerophosphate Moiety of Lipoteichoic Acid from Lactic Acid Bacteria on Dexamethasone-Induced Atrogin-1 Expression in C2C12 Myotubes
- Author
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Yasunori Nakamura, Shinji Sakata, Tatsuhiko Hirota, Shin-ichi Yokota, Tsukasa Shiraishi, and Ryo Katsuki
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Muscle Proteins ,Protein degradation ,Dexamethasone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Glycolipid ,Lactobacillales ,medicine ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ,Myogenesis ,Skeletal muscle ,Molecular biology ,Muscle atrophy ,Lactic acid ,Teichoic Acids ,Muscular Atrophy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Glycerophosphates ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lipoteichoic acid ,medicine.symptom ,C2C12 - Abstract
Atrogin-1, which is an important regulator of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in skeletal muscle, is a major marker of muscle loss and disuse muscle atrophy. To investigate which components of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suppress dexamethasone (DEX)-induced atrogin-1 expression, mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes were treated with DEX in the presence or absence of components of LAB. Heat-killed cells and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) derived from five LAB strains significantly suppressed DEX-induced atrogin-1 expression. The glycerophosphate (GroP) fraction prepared from chemically-degraded LTA and sn-glycerol-1-phosphate suppressed DEX-induced atrogin-1 expression, whereas the glycolipid anchor fraction of LTA did not. Heat-killed cells obtained by culturing under low-Mn2+ conditions, which generated fewer poly-GroP polymers in LTA, displayed significantly lower inhibitory activity compared to heat-killed cells grown under normal conditions. These results suggested that LTA of LAB contributed to suppressing atrogin-1 expression and that the GroP moiety of LTA was responsible for its inhibitory activity.
- Published
- 2021
39. Prognostic Role of Preoperative Sarcopenia Evaluation of Cervical Muscles with Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Author
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Yasushi Imamura, Hirotaka Takayama, Hajime Suzuki, Takayuki Ishida, Marie Amitani, Norifumi Nakamura, Shotaro Higashi, Kiyohide Ishihata, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasuhiro Nishi, Takuya Yoshimura, Yuka Hirano, Etsuro Nozoe, Masahiro Tezuka, and Haruka Amitani
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,psoas muscle index ,Adipose tissue ,Article ,intramuscular adipose tissue content ,sarcopenia ,Lumbar ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Mass index ,Basal cell ,RC254-282 ,Cervical muscles ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,cervical muscles ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,computed tomography ,oral cancer ,medicine.disease ,stomatognathic diseases ,Sarcopenia ,head and neck cancer ,Sternocleidomastoid muscle ,business - Abstract
Simple Summary As sarcopenia has been shown to be associated with a variety of functional impairments and increased mortality, it has become increasingly important to evaluate sarcopenia comorbidity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We assessed sarcopenia in patients with OSCC in a way that is feasible in daily practice and retrospectively evaluated its impact on prognosis. Patients with both low quality and low quantity of cervical muscles had a significantly worse prognosis. Assessing sarcopenia by evaluating both the quality and quantity of preoperative cervical skeletal muscle mass may be useful in optimizing the treatment of patients with OSCC without requiring additional imaging or patient burden. Abstract Accumulating evidence has shown that sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is at a risk of poor prognosis. There is no universal consensus on how to assess sarcopenia in patients with OSCC in daily practice. It is important to validate the usefulness of sarcopenia assessment from cervical muscles, which are frequently used in routine clinical practice in patients with OSCC. In this study, we investigated whether preoperative lumbar (L3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in OSCC patients were associated with cervical (C3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity from CT measurements. We also investigated whether skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in the C3 muscles were associated with survival rates in patients with OSCC. We demonstrated that both the quality and quantity of muscle between the C3 and L3 levels were positively correlated with each other. We also demonstrated that the survival rates in patients with low sternocleidomastoid muscle mass index, high processus spinosus muscle-intramuscular adipose tissue content, and the combination of both were significantly lower than those in the controls. These results suggest that the assessment of sarcopenia from multiple neck muscles by preoperative CT measurements may be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with OSCC.
- Published
- 2021
40. Changes in fine structure of amylopectin and internal structures of starch granules in developing endosperms and culms caused by starch branching enzyme mutations of japonica rice
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Yasunori Nakamura, Akiko Kubo, Masami Ono, Kazuki Yashiro, Go Matsuba, Yifei Wang, Akira Matsubara, Goro Mizutani, Junko Matsuki, and Keiji Kainuma
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Starch branching enzyme ,Protein Conformation ,Spectrum Analysis ,Amylopectin ,Oryza ,Starch ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Culm ,Endosperm ,X-Ray Diffraction ,1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme ,Mutation ,Genetics ,Carbohydrate Conformation ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Rice ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
BEIIb plays a specific role in determining the structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm, whereas BEIIa plays the similar role in the culm where BEIIb is absent. Cereals have three types of starch branching enzymes (BEs), BEI, BEIIa, and BEIIb. It is widely known that BEIIb is specifically expressed in the endosperm and plays a distinct role in the structure of amylopectin because in its absence the amylopectin type changes to the amylose-extender-type (ae-type) or B-type from the wild-type or A-type and this causes the starch crystalline allomorph to the B-type from the wild-type A-type. This study aimed to clarify the role of BEIIa in the culm where BEIIb is not expressed, by using a be2a mutant in comparison with results with be2b and be1 mutants. The results showed that the amylopectin structure exhibited the B-type in the be2a culm compared with the A-type in the wild-type culm. The starch granules from the be2a culm also showed the B-type like allomorph when examined by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Both amylopectin chain-length profile and starch crystalline properties were found to be the A-type at the very early stage of endosperm development at 4-6 days after pollination (DAP) even in the be2b mutant. All these results support a view that in the culm as well as in the endosperm at 4-6 DAP, BEIIa can play the role of BEIIb which has been well documented in maturing endosperm. The possible mechanism as to how BEIIa can play its role is discussed.
- Published
- 2021
41. Evaluation of data-driven respiratory gating in continuous bed motion in lung lesions.
- Author
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Takeshi Nii, Shota Hosokawa, Tomoya Kotani, Hiroshi Domoto, Yasunori Nakamura, Yasutomo Tanada, Ryotaro Kondo, and Yasuyuki Takahashi
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- 2022
- Full Text
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42. On the cluster structure of amylopectin
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Yasunori Nakamura and Keiji Kainuma
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Models, Molecular ,Polymer science ,Amylopectin ,Structure (category theory) ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Amylopectin biosynthesis ,Structural element ,Isoenzymes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Genetics ,Side chain ,Cluster (physics) ,Carbohydrate Conformation ,Starch granule ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Two opposing models for the amylopectin structure are historically and comprehensively reviewed, which leads us to a better understanding of the specific fine structure of amylopectin. Amylopectin is a highly branched glucan which accounts for approximately 65–85 of starch in most plant tissues. However, its fine structure is still not fully understood due to the limitations of current methodologies. Since the 1940 s, many scientists have attempted to elucidate the distinct structure of amylopectin. One of the most accepted concepts is that amylopectin has a structural element known as “cluster”, in which neighboring side chains with a degree of polymerization of ≥ 10 in the region of their non-branched segments form double helices. The double helical structures are arranged in inter- and intra-clusters and are the origin of the distinct physicochemical and crystalline properties of starch granules. Several models of the cluster structure have been proposed by starch scientists worldwide during the progress of analytical methods, whereas no direct evidence so far has been provided. Recently, Bertoft and colleagues proposed a new model designated as “the building block and backbone (BB) model”. The BB model sharply contrasts with the cluster model in that the structural element for the BB model is the building block, and that long chains are separately synthesized and positioned from short chains constituting the building block. In the present paper, we conduct the historical review of the cluster concept detailing how and when the concept was established based on experimental results by many scientists. Then, differences between the two opposing concepts are explained and both models are critically discussed, particularly from the point of view of the biochemical regulation of amylopectin biosynthesis.
- Published
- 2021
43. Achievements of true whole-body imaging using a faster acquisition of the lower extremities in variable-speed continuous bed motion
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Yasunori Nakamura, Yasuyuki Takahashi, Ryotaro Kondo, Motoki Nishimura, Shota Hosokawa, Koki Shirako, Yasutomo Tanada, Takeshi Nii, and Hiroshi Domoto
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Physics ,Radiation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Image quality ,Whole body imaging ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Thigh ,Trunk ,Motion (physics) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging) ,Lower Extremity ,Positron emission tomography ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Whole Body Imaging ,Nuclear medicine ,business - Abstract
Variable-speed continuous bed motion 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT), a reliable imaging technique, allows setting the bed motion speed for arbitrary sections of the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the PET image quality and the bed speed following shortening of the scanning time for the lower extremities to achieve whole-body acquisition optimization of the examination time. Four sets of images were created by editing four-phase dynamic whole-body PET/CT images acquired at a bed speed of 6 and 14 mm/s in the trunk and lower extremities, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated using regions of interest in the liver, gluteus muscles, thigh, and lower legs, and the relationship between the bed speed and the SNR was assessed. The number of patients with findings in the lower extremities among 967 cases was evaluated. Based on this relationship between the SNR and bed motion speed, it is reasonable to increase the speed of the lower extremities by up to three times that of the trunk. The findings from whole-body FDG-PET imaging revealed that the number of patients with detected lesions in the lower extremities was 6.6% (64/967), bone metastases were found in 2.6%, soft lesions in 1.8%, and inflammation in 2.3%. Images of the lower extremities, which have a better SNR than the trunk, can be acquired at a faster bed speed using the variable-speed continuous bed motion PET.
- Published
- 2021
44. Reserve Starch Metabolism
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Yasunori Nakamura
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Chemistry ,Starch metabolism ,Food science - Published
- 2021
45. Ablated Mass of PTFE Nozzle due to High-current SF6 Arc Exposure: Formulation of Ablated Mass
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Katsuhiko Horinouchi, Yasunobu Yokomizu, Motohiro Sato, Yoshinori Shimizu, Shuichi Hiza, and Yasunori Nakamura
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Arc (geometry) ,Materials science ,Nozzle ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,High current ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material - Published
- 2019
46. Progress of Starch Biosynthesis Research and Future Perspectives: History of Starch Biosynthesis Research
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Yasunori Nakamura
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,Biology ,Starch biosynthesis - Published
- 2019
47. Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of the Synthesis and Accumulation of Starch in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Tuberous Root
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Michio Kawasaki, Toshiaki Matsuda, Yasunori Nakamura, Osamu Ueno, Mitsutaka Taniguchi, Youji Nitta, and Hiroshi Miyake
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Amyloplast ,Electron microscopy ,Immunogold electron microscopy ,Plastid ,Starch branching enzyme ,Starch synthesis ,Sweet potato. ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The structural changes in the plastid-amyloplast system in the parenchyma cells of sweet potato tuberous roots during thickening were examined by electron microscopy. In the tuberous roots, proplastids and plastids that contain starch granules propagated in young parenchyma cells adjacent to the meristem, but amyloplasts did not in parenchyma cells. It was suggested that the number of amyloplasts in a parenchyma cell is determined by the propagation of the proplastids and plastids. The form of amyloplasts and the number, size and form of starch granules in them were various. Tubular membranes containing the electron-dense substance were formed in plastids and extended from the envelope membranes of plastids to the starch granules. The electron-dense substance also existed around the starch granules. Tubular membranes are converted into membrane-bound inclusion bodies as a result of loading of the electron-dense substance into these tubes in the plastids. The inclusion bodies were also at the periphery of the amyloplasts. In this study, the functions of both tubular membrane and the inclusion were discussed. The localization of starch branching enzyme in tuberous roots was examined by immunogold electron microscopy. The label for branching enzyme was localized predominantly throughout the surface of each starch granule, suggesting that this is the branching for amylopectin synthesis, but not throughout the stroma in the plastid-amyloplast system. Small and round starch granules were often formed at parts of the periphery in the amyloplast. Dense labeling for the enzyme was detected around the granules. The increase of the number of starch granules in an amyloplast is certainly made by means of the formation of new starch granules at the periphery of the amyloplast. It is likely that the new granules are intensively formed there.
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- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Impact of Preoperative Low Prognostic Nutritional Index and High Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Content on Outcomes of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Yasushi Imamura, Yasuhiro Nishi, Hirotaka Takayama, Shotaro Higashi, Yuka Hirano, Norifumi Nakamura, Yasunori Nakamura, Takayuki Ishida, Takuya Yoshimura, Etsuro Nozoe, Masahiro Tezuka, Hajime Suzuki, and Kiyohide Ishihata
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Adipose tissue ,Gastroenterology ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,intramuscular adipose tissue content ,sarcopenia ,psoas muscle mass index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,Basal cell ,business.industry ,Skeletal muscle ,Retrospective cohort study ,computed tomography ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,oral squamous cell carcinoma ,Malnutrition ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Sarcopenia ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Abstract
Simple Summary Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers. To date, the impact of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on survival in OSCC patients remains controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of preoperative nutritional status and abnormalities in body composition on the mortality of OSCC patients. The disease-specific survival (DSS) rate among patients with a high intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and a low psoas muscle mass index was significantly lower than that in controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and high IMAC were independent risk factors. We demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition and abnormal body composition, such as abnormal preoperative skeletal muscle quality, are associated with DSS in OSCC patients. Our study suggests that the evaluation of preoperative malnutrition and skeletal muscle quality would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with OSCC. Abstract The impact of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients remains controversial. We investigated the effects of the preoperative nutritional status and abnormalities in body composition on the mortality of OSCC patients. A retrospective study involving 103 patients with OSCC was conducted. Disease-specific survival (DSS) according to the preoperative psoas muscle mass index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive performance of the covariates with respect to DSS. The DSS rate in patients with high IMAC and low PMI was significantly lower than that in controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and high IMAC were independent risk factors. We demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition and abnormal body composition, such as preoperative skeletal muscle quality, are associated with DSS in OSCC patients. Our study suggests that the evaluation of preoperative malnutrition and skeletal muscle quality would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with OSCC.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Effects of a single dose of tablets containing lactononadecapeptide on cognitive function in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial
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Yasunori Nakamura, Masaki Sasai, Koichi Sashihara, Kazuhito Ohsawa, Megumi Kato, and Toshiyuki Kaneko
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vital signs ,Placebo-controlled study ,Placebo ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Double blind ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lactones ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Double-Blind Method ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Cognitive flexibility ,General Medicine ,Physical therapy ,Verbal memory ,business ,Oligopeptides ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive load ,Biotechnology ,Tablets - Abstract
Lactononadecapeptide (LNDP; NIPPLTQTPVVVPPFLQPE) is a memory-improving peptide. The current study aimed to determine the effects of a single dose of tablets containing LNDP on cognitive function in healthy Japanese men aged 30-59 years. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in participants randomly assigned to receive LNDP or placebo tablets. The Uchida–Kraepelin test was used to induce cognitive load in participants as a model of work load. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the CNS Vital Signs. Composite memory and verbal memory were significantly higher following consumption of LNDP than placebo tablets. Carryover effects were observed in attention and concentration domains so that period 1 data was analyzed. LNDP consumption led to higher processing speed, executive function, and cognitive flexibility than placebo. Thus, supplementation with a single dose of LNDP tablets may improve cognitive functions including memory, attention, concentration, and information processing in daily life.
- Published
- 2020
50. Prebiotic effects of yeast mannan, which selectively promotes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus in a human colonic microbiota model
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Reiko Tanihiro, Shunsuke Oba, Daisuke Sasaki, Tadahiro Sunagawa, Kyoko Awashima, Kengo Sasaki, Akihiko Kondo, Yasunori Nakamura, Hiroshi Sugiyama, and Tetsuji Odani
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Science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Carbohydrates ,Microbial communities ,Polysaccharide ,Article ,Microbiology ,Cell wall ,Microbial ecology ,Applied microbiology ,Dietary carbohydrates ,Polysaccharides ,medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Prebiotic ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,Propionate ,Medicine ,Fermentation ,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ,Bacteria - Abstract
Yeast mannan (YM) is an indigestible water-soluble polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall, with a notable prebiotic effect on the intestinal microbiota. We previously reported that YM increased Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron abundance in in vitro rat faeces fermentation, concluding that its effects on human colonic microbiota should be investigated. In this study, we show the effects of YM on human colonic microbiota and its metabolites using an in vitro human faeces fermentation system. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that YM administration did not change the microbial diversity or composition. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that YM administration significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the relative ratio (with or without YM administration) of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus (r = 0.92), suggesting that these bacteria utilise YM in a coordinated manner. In addition, YM administration increased the production of acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acids. These results demonstrate the potential of YM as a novel prebiotic that selectively increases B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus and improves the intestinal environment. The findings also provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel functional foods.
- Published
- 2020
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