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Background: Brain-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) systems offer high spatial resolution and sensitivity for accurate clinical assessments. Attenuation correction (AC) is important in PET imaging, particularly in brain studies. This study assessed the reproducibility of attenuation maps (µ-maps) generated by a specialized time-of-flight (TOF) brain-dedicated PET system for imaging using different PET tracers., Methods: Twelve subjects underwent both 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and 18 F-flutemetamol (FMM) amyloid-PET scans. Images were reconstructed with µ-maps obtained by a maximum likelihood-based AC method. Voxel-based and region-based analyses were used to compare µ-maps obtained with FDG-PET versus FMM-PET; FDG-PET images reconstructed using an FDG-PET µ-map (FDG × FDG) versus those reconstructed with an FMM-PET µ-map (FDG × FMM); and FMM-PET images reconstructed using an FDG-PET µ-map (FMM × FDG) versus those reconstructed with an FMM-PET µ-map (FMM × FMM)., Results: Small but significant differences in µ-maps were observed between tracers, primarily in bone regions. In the comparison between the µ-maps obtained with FDG-PET and FMM-PET, the µ-maps obtained with FDG-PET had higher µ-values than those obtained with FMM-PET in the parietal regions of the head and skull, in a portion of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and on the surface of the frontal lobe. The comparison between FDG and FDG × FMM values in different regions yielded findings similar to those of the µ-maps comparison. FDG × FMM values were significantly higher than FDG values in the bilateral temporal bones and a small part of the temporal lobe. Similarly, FMM values were significantly higher than FMM × FDG values in the bilateral temporal bones. FMM × FDG values were significantly higher than FMM values in a small area of the right cerebellar hemisphere. However, the relative errors in these µ-maps were within ± 4%, suggesting that they are clinically insignificant. In PET images reconstructed with the original and swapped µ-maps, the relative errors were within ± 7% and the quality was nearly equivalent., Conclusion: These findings suggest the clinical reliability of the AC method without an external radiation source in TOF brain-dedicated PET systems., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine.)

Background: This study aims to report our surgical techniques for robot-assisted laparoscopic anterior resection, specifically focusing on mesorectal division using rolling division of the mesorectum, and to elucidate short-term outcomes at a single institution. Tumor-specific mesorectal excision (TSME) is commonly performed for resection of a tumor located in the upper rectum. However, especially in a narrow pelvis, it is difficult to perform appropriate mesorectal division at an adequate distance from the tumor in robot-assisted laparoscopic anterior resection., Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with rectal cancer who underwent robot-assisted TSME using rolling division of mesorectum. Patient characteristics, perioperative clinical results, surgical and pathological details were recorded., Results: A total of 198 patients underwent robot-assisted TSME for rectal cancer using rolling division of mesorectum between May 2019 and December 2023.The tumor was located in the upper rectum in 45 patients, middle rectum in 115 patients and lower rectum in 38 patients. The types of resections were 40 high anterior resection and 158 low anterior resections. The median operation time was 175 (range 109-310) min, and median mesorectal division time was 24 (range 15-45) min. Median blood loss was 3 (range 0-20) ml; no patients required blood transfusion. The overall complication rate of Clavien-Dindo classification grades I-IV was 7.1%. Anastomotic leakage was observed in two patients (1.0%) with grade III. There was no surgical mortality in this series., Conclusion: This robotic technique for anterior resection is a feasible and reliable procedure for achieving sufficient and safe TSME in this cohort., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Deep learning (DL) has recently attracted attention for data processing in positron emission tomography (PET). Attenuation correction (AC) without computed tomography (CT) data is one of the interests. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first attempt to generate an attenuation map of the human head via Sim2Real DL-based tissue composition estimation from model training using only the simulated PET dataset. The DL model accepts a two-dimensional non-attenuation-corrected PET image as input and outputs a four-channel tissue-composition map of soft tissue, bone, cavity, and background. Then, an attenuation map is generated by a linear combination of the tissue composition maps and, finally, used as input for scatter+random estimation and as an initial estimate for attenuation map reconstruction by the maximum likelihood attenuation correction factor (MLACF), i.e., the DL estimate is refined by the MLACF. Preliminary results using clinical brain PET data showed that the proposed DL model tended to estimate anatomical details inaccurately, especially in the neck-side slices. However, it succeeded in estimating overall anatomical structures, and the PET quantitative accuracy with DL-based AC was comparable to that with CT-based AC. Thus, the proposed DL-based approach combined with the MLACF is also a promising CT-less AC approach., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine.)

Background and Hypothesis: Using a mouse model of MPA with microvascular lesion with a clone (VasSF) of recombinant single chain fragments of the variable region of human IgG, we previously showed that vasculitis-associated apolipoprotein A2 (VAP2) may be a therapeutic target for vasculitis. The present study estimated the target molecules for VasSF and the association between VAP2 and cytokine levels in patient sera in terms of microvascular lesion severity., Methods: Sera and clinical information were collected from patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPA/GPA) and infectious disease. Neutrophil counts, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, total cholesterol associated with microvascular lesion, HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and cytokines were estimated. Serum VAP2 signals were determined with Western blotting., Results: VasSF bound to a 24 kDa molecule in the serum of active MPA/GPA patients. Anti-AP2 antibody also bound with the same 24 kDa molecule, named VAP2, because of size difference from normal APOA2. The VAP2 signal was significantly stronger in the active-disease group but significantly weakened in remission. The signal correlated positively with eGFR but not with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, CRP, MPO-ANCA, or PR3-ANCA levels. It correlated negatively with MPO activity, IL-16, MIF, and IL-1Ra. Moreover, VasSF bound to a 17 kDa molecule in the remission phase., Conclusion: The 24 kDa VAP2 molecule may be associated with neutrophil functions because of its inverse correlation with MPO activity, IL-16, MIF, and IL-1Ra, suggesting that VAP2-APOA1 formation in HDL triggers microvascular injury. VasSF may reverse the injury by removing APOA1-VAP2 heterodimers from peripheral blood vessels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Introduction: The distal tibial nail (DTN) is a novel retrograde intramedullary nail used for distal tibial fracture stabilization. We investigated the clinical results of DTN use for distal tibial fractures and compared them with those reported in the literature on locking plates and antegrade intramedullary nails., Materials and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study examined distal tibial fractures with AO/OTA classification 43 types: A1, A2, A3 or C1. The primary outcomes included bone union rate, soft tissue problems, and surgical complications. Secondary outcomes were EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q), and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot clinical scores 1 year postoperatively. Incidence of varus or valgus/anterior-posterior flexion deformity with a difference of ≥5° and postoperative reduction loss rate were evaluated., Results: Five men and five women were enrolled (mean age, 69 years [range, 30-77 years]), including one open-fracture-type Gustilo type IIIB case. Bone union was observed in all patients at 6 months postoperatively. Delayed union, leg edema, and guide pin breakage were observed in three, one, and one cases, respectively. No soft tissue or surgical complications were observed. During the final follow-up, the EQ-5D-5L, SAFE-Q, and AOFAS hindfoot scores were 0.876 (0.665-1.0), 83-92, and AOFAS 92.6 (76-100), respectively. Varus and retroflexion deformities were observed in one case each., Discussion: DTN has been reported to have biomechanically equivalent or stronger fixation strength than locking plates or antegrade intramedullary nails. In addition, while DTN was thought to be less invasive for soft tissue and can avoid injury to the knee, it was thought that care should be taken to avoid medial malleolus fractures and posterior tibialis tendon injuries. Comparisons with literature treatment results for locking plates and antegrade intramedullary nails showed comparable to advantageous results., Conclusions: DTN treatment results for distal tibial fractures were as good as those for locking plates and antegrade intramedullary nails. DTN is useful for stabilization and does not compromise the surrounding soft tissues., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Donor organ shortages for transplantation remain a serious global concern, and alternative treatment is in high demand. Fetal cells and tissues have considerable therapeutic potential as, for example, organoid technology that uses human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate unlimited human fetal-like cells and tissues. We previously reported the in vivo vascularization of early fetal liver-like hiPSC-derived liver buds (LBs) and subsquent improved survival of recipient mice with subacute liver failure. Here, we show hiPSC-liver organoids (LOs) that recapitulate midgestational fetal liver promote de novo liver generation when grafted onto the surface of host livers in chemical fibrosis models, thereby recovering liver function. We found that fetal liver, a hematopoietic tissue, highly expressed macrophage-recruiting factors and antifibrotic M2 macrophage polarization factors compared with the adult liver, resulting in fibrosis reduction because of CD163 + M2-macrophage polarization. Next, we created midgestational fetal liver-like hiPSC-LOs by fusion of hiPSC-LBs to induce static cell-cell interactions and found that these contained complex structures such as hepatocytes, vasculature, and bile ducts after transplantation. This fusion allowed the generation of a large human tissue suitable for transplantation into immunodeficient rodent models of liver fibrosis. hiPSC-LOs showed superior liver function compared with hiPSC-LBs and improved survival and liver function upon transplantation. In addition, hiPSC-LO transplantation ameliorated chemically induced liver fibrosis, a symptom of liver cirrhosis that leads to organ dysfunction, through immunomodulatory effects, particularly on CD163 + phagocytic M2-macrophage polarization. Together, our results suggest hiPSC-LO transplantation as a promising therapeutic option for liver fibrosis.

The retina is the only organ projecting external light to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Cholecystokinin receptor type A (Cckar/ Cckar ) is one of the essential factors for light reception in retinal cells. As there was a lack of literature on the matter, we aimed to elucidate the cause of the time-dependent phase change in clock gene expression. We found that Cckar mRNA expression in retinal cells exhibited diurnal variations. The rhythm of expression of the clock gene Per1 / Per2 in retinal cells was altered in Cckar -/- mice. The light sensitivity of retinal cells was evaluated in wild-type mice, which showed c-Fos was activated in the ganglion cell layer more than in the inner granular layer. This increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells was suppressed by lorglumide, a Cckar antagonist. Treatment of rat retina primary cells with lorglumide suppressed Per2 transcription, which was altered in a time-dependent manner relative to the Per2 expression. Light irradiation studies in Cckar -/- mice did not exhibit an increase in Period expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. These results indicate that Cckar is among the factors that regulate the cycle of clock genes on the retina. Cckar knockout attenuates the light responsiveness of suprachiasmatic nucleus and reduces the expression amplitude of Period genes in the retina. Thus, Cckar may contribute to entrainment of the light environment and maintenance of the expression cycle of Period gene, which is one of the core clock genes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Yosuke Kameoka,1 Fukuko Kishi,1 Minako Koura,2 Yoshio Yamakawa,1 Rora Nagasawa,1 Fuyu Ito,3 Junichiro Matsuda,2 Osamu Suzuki,2 Toshinori Nakayama,4 Kazuo Suzuki1,3–5 1Department of Research and Development, A-CLIP Institute, Ltd., Chiba, Japan; 2Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; 3Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 5Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis is a pauci-immune disease with the inflammation of the small blood vessels. The efficacies of antibody drugs for induction therapies of vasculitis vary among cases. Here, we developed a novel clone of a single chain Fv region (ScFv) with vasculitis-specific therapeutic potential.Materials and methods: The clone, termed VasSF, was selected from our Escherichia coli expression library of recombinant human ScFv based on the therapeutic efficacy in an SCG/Kj mouse model of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis (MAAV), such as improvement of the urinary score and decreased crescent formation in glomeruli, granulomatous in lung, MPO-ANCA biomarkers, the anti-moesin antibody, and some cytokine levels.Results: We identified vasculitis-associated apolipoprotein A-II (VAP2) as a target molecule of the clone and confirmed the independently-established VAP2 antibodies were also therapeutic in SCG/Kj mice. In MAAV, MPO-ANCA and cytokines stimulate neutrophils by facilitating heterodimer formation of VAP2 with apolipoprotein A-I in HDL. Conclusion: VasSF would constitute a novel antibody drug for vasculitis by suppressing the heterodimer formation of the apolipoproteins. Keywords: VasSF, ANCA antibody drug, apolipoprotein, HDL, myeloperoxidase, MPO, SCG/Kj, vasculitis

Objectives: Adenoid hypertrophy causes impaired nasopharyngeal airways (NA) ventilation. However, it is difficult to evaluate the ventilatory conditions of NA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the nasopharyngeal airway resistance (NA RES ) based on computational fluid dynamics simulations and the nasopharyngeal airway depth (NA D ) and adenoid hypertrophy grade measured on cephalometric cone-beam computed tomography images and determine the relationship between NA D and grade and NA RES to ultimately assess using cephalometric measurements whether NA has airway obstruction defects., Methods: Cephalogram images were generated from cone-beam computed tomography data of 102 children (41 boys; mean age: 9.14 ± 1.43 years) who received orthodontic examinations at an orthodontic clinic from September 2012 to March 2023, and NA D and adenoid grade and NA RES values were measured based on computational fluid dynamics analyses using a 3D NA model. Nonlinear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between NA RES and NA D and correlation coefficients to evaluate the relationship between grade and NA RES ., Results: NA RES was inversely proportional to the cube of NA D (R 2  = 0.786, P < 0.001), indicating a significant relationship between these variables. The resistance NA RES increased substantially when the distance NA D was less than 5 mm. However, adenoid Grade 4 (75 % hypertrophy) was widely distributed., Conclusions: These study findings demonstrate that the ventilatory conditions of NA can be determined based on a simple evaluation of cephalogram images. An NA D of less than 5 mm on cephalometric images results in NA obstruction with substantially increased airflow resistance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The number of smartphone apps for brain training is increasing, and the number of people who are working on brain training is also increasing. However, researchers disagree about the effectiveness of brain training., Methods: Therefore, in this study, we conducted an intervention test with the participation of 70 healthy middle-aged men and women and measured the effect of smartphone apps on lifestyle improvement using brain healthcare quotient calculated from brain imaging data., Results: As a result, in the intervention group, significant improvements were seen in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the whole brain, corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, external capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Additionally, in the intervention group, these FA increments correlated with improvements in cognitive function as measured by the trail-making test and vigor as measured by the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that improving lifestyle habits through smartphone apps can improve brain health and cognitive and emotional performance of healthy middle-aged adults. This is consistent with previous research that suggests that FA integrity in the limbic-thalamo-cortical pathway influences cognitive function and emotion regulation., (© 2024 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

In addressing the challenge of assessing healthy brain aging across diverse interventions, this study introduces the use of MRI-derived Brain Healthcare Quotients (BHQ) for comprehensive evaluation. We analyzed BHQ changes in 319 participants aged 24-69, who were allocated into dietary (collagen peptide, euglena, matcha, isohumulone, xanthophyll) and physical activity (hand massage with lavender oil, handwriting, office stretching, pink lens, clinical art) groups, alongside a control group, over a month. These interventions were specifically chosen to test the efficacy of varying health strategies on brain health, measured through BHQ indices: GM-BHQ for gray matter volume, and FA-BHQ for white matter integrity. Notably, significant improvements in FA-BHQ were observed in the collagen peptide group, with marginal increases in the hand massage and office stretching groups. These findings highlight BHQ's potential as a sensitive tool for detecting brain health changes, offering evidence that low-intensity, easily implemented interventions can have beneficial effects on brain health. Moreover, BHQ allows for the systematic evaluation of such interventions using standard statistical approaches, suggesting its value in future brain healthcare research.

Transient absorption at 340 nm under alkaline conditions has long been used to detect the presence of 3-keto- O -glycosides without understanding the molecular basis of the absorbance. The time course of A 340 nm for the alkaline treatment of 3-ketolevoglucosan, an intramolecular 3-keto- O -glycoside, was investigated to identify the three products generated through alkaline treatment. By comparing the spectra of these compounds under neutral and alkaline conditions, we identified 1,5-anhydro-D- erythro -hex-1-en-3-ulose (2-hydroxy-3-keto-D-glucal) as being the compound responsible for the absorption., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript., (2024 by The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience.)

Based on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), we developed a recombinant single-chain-fragment variable clone, VasSF, therapeutic against AAV in a mouse model (SCG/Kj mice). VasSF is thought to bind to vasculitis-associated apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) as a target molecule. VasSF is a promising new drug against AAV, but difficulties in the yield and purification of VasSF remain unresolved. We produced monomers of new VasSF molecules by modifying the plasmid structure for VasSF expression and simplifying the purification method using high-performance liquid chromatography. We compared the therapeutic effects between 5-day continuous administration of the monomers, as in IVIg treatment, and single shots of 5-day-equivalent doses. We also evaluated the life-prolonging effect of the single-shot treatment. Two-dimensional western blots were used to examine the binding of VasSF to APOA2. Our improved manufacturing method resulted in a 100-fold higher yield of VasSF than in our previous study. Monomerization of VasSF stabilized its efficacy. Single shots of a small amount (1/80 000 of IVIg) produced sufficient therapeutic effects, including decreased glomerular crescent formation, a decreasing trend of serum ANCA against myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA), decreases in multiple proinflammatory cytokines, and a trend toward prolonged survival. Two-dimensional western blots confirmed the binding of VasSF to APOA2. The newly produced pure VasSF monomers are stable and therapeutic for AAV with a single low-dose injection, possibly by removing vasculitis-associated APOA2. Thus, the new VasSF described herein is a promising drug against AAV., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: The evaluation of muscle pain and sensitivity by manual palpation is an important part of the clinical examination in patients with myalgia. However, the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on palpation of the masticatory muscles with or without a palpometer are not known., Objective: To estimate the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on the accuracy of palpation in standardized settings., Methods: Thirty-two dentists (age 35 ± 11 years) classified as either specialists (n = 16) or generalists (n = 16) participated in this experiment. All dentists were instructed to target force levels of 500- or 1000-gf, as determined on an electronic scale using either standardized palpometers or manual palpation (MP). All dentists participated in four different tests: MP, MP with visual feedback (MPVF), palpometer (PAL) and PAL with visual feedback (PALVF). Actual force values for each type of palpation from 0 to 2, 2 to 5 and 0 to 5 s were analysed by calculating target force level., Results: The relative differences during 2-5 and 0-5 s with 1000 gf were significantly lower for generalists than for specialists (p < .05). In generalists and specialists, the coefficients of variation and the relative differences during 2-5 s were significantly lower for PAL and PALVF than for MP (p < .05)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that the use of a palpometer, but not clinical experience with palpation of masticatory muscles, increases the accuracy of palpation, and ≥2 s of palpation with a palpometer is optimal for masticatory muscles., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Research into the health benefits of scents is on the rise. However, little is known about the effects of continuous inhalation, such as wearing scents on clothing, on brain structure. Therefore, in this study, an intervention study was conducted on a total of 50 healthy female people, 28 in the intervention group and 22 in the control group, asking them to wear a designated rose scent on their clothes for a month. The effect of continuous inhalation of essential oil on the gray matter of the brain was measured by calculating changes in brain images of participants taken before and after the intervention using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The results showed that the intervention increased the gray matter volume (GMV) of the whole brain and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) subregion. On the other hand, the GMV of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) did not change. This study is the first to show that continuous scent inhalation changes brain structure., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies with histological diversity and tumor heterogeneity, leading to the lack of a common molecular target. Telomerase is a key enzyme for keeping the telomere length and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression is often activated in most human cancers, including bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. For targeting of telomerase-positive tumor cells, we developed OBP-301, a telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus, in which the hTERT promoter regulates adenoviral E1 gene for tumor-specific viral replication. In this study, we present the diagnostic potential of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus OBP-401 for assessing virotherapy sensitivity using bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly associated with the therapeutic efficacy of OBP-401 in human bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. In the tumor specimens from 68 patients, malignant and intermediate tumors demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and hTERT than benign tumors. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly increased in malignant and intermediate tumors with high expression levels of CAR and hTERT between 24 and 48 h after infection. Our results suggest that the OBP-401-based GFP expression system is a useful tool for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy on bone and soft-tissue sarcomas., Competing Interests: Y.U. is the President and CEO of Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. H.T. and Tos.F. are consultants of Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. The other authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright: © 2024 Uotani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

In kagome metals, the chiral current order parameter [Formula: see text] with time-reversal-symmetry-breaking is the source of various exotic electronic states, while the method of controlling the current order and its interplay with the star-of-David bond order [Formula: see text] are still unsolved. Here, we reveal that tiny uniform orbital magnetization [Formula: see text] is induced by the chiral current order, and its magnitude is prominently enlarged under the presence of the bond order. Importantly, we derive the magnetic-field ([Formula: see text])-induced Ginzburg-Landau (GL) free energy expression [Formula: see text], which enables us to elucidate the field-induced current-bond phase transitions in kagome metals. The emergent current-bond-[Formula: see text] trilinear coupling term in the free energy, [Formula: see text], naturally explains the characteristic magnetic-field sensitive electronic states in kagome metals, such as the field-induced current order and the strong interplay between the bond and current orders. The GL coefficients of [Formula: see text] derived from the realistic multiorbital model are appropriate to explain various experiments. Furthermore, we discuss the field-induced loop current orders in the square lattice models that have been studied in cuprate superconductors., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

Objective: Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis has been classified into six types: A-F. Type F demonstrates distal reconstitution of the ICA via anastomosis with distal branches of the external carotid artery. Herein, we report the ICA agenesis of type F without rete-like collaterals, which has not been previously reported., Case Presentation: An 80-year-old woman presented with segmental agenesis of the right ICA accompanied by an unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Stent-assisted coil embolization was successfully performed. Digital subtraction angiography showed segmental agenesis of the right ICA from the cervical to the ascending foramen lacerum segment, which was preoperatively supplied with collateral blood flow by a dilated right accessory meningeal artery (AMA) anastomosed with the inferolateral trunk (ILT)-posteromedial branch. Based on the segmental concept, the case was diagnosed with segment 7 (horizontal intracavernous portion until ICA branches off the ILT) agenesis, which may have resulted in secondary regression of the ICA proximal to segment 7. According to the ICA agenesis classification, this was of type F because the case showed collateral flow to the distal ICA via transcranial anastomoses from the AMA without carotid rete-like collaterals., Conclusion: These findings suggest that the carotid rete-like collaterals did not form because the AMA was first developed during embryonic development., (©2024 The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy.)

Objective: Assessment of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during landing tasks is crucial for physical therapy in sports. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the VGRF during a single-leg landing can be estimated from a two-dimensional (2D) video image and pose estimation artificial intelligence (AI)., Methods: Eighteen healthy male participants (age: 23.0 ± 1.6 years) performed a single-leg landing task from a 30-cm height. The VGRF was measured using a force plate and estimated using center of mass (COM) position data from a 2D video image with pose estimation AI (2D-AI) and three-dimensional optical motion capture (3D-Mocap). The measured and estimated peak VGRFs were compared using a paired t -test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The absolute errors of the peak VGRF were also compared between the two estimations., Results: No significant difference in the peak VGRF was found between the force plate measured VGRF and the 2D-AI or 3D-Mocap estimated VGRF (force plate: 3.37 ± 0.42 body weight [BW], 2D-AI: 3.32 ± 0.42 BW, 3D-Mocap: 3.50 ± 0.42 BW). There was no significant difference in the absolute error of the peak VGRF between the 2D-AI and 3D-Mocap estimations (2D-AI: 0.20 ± 0.16 BW, 3D-Mocap: 0.13 ± 0.09 BW, P = 0.163). The measured peak VGRF was significantly correlated with the estimated peak by 2D-AI ( R = 0.835, P <0.001)., Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that peak VGRF estimation using 2D video images and pose estimation AI is useful for the clinical assessment of single-leg landing., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (©2024 Japanese Society of Physical Therapy.)