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Fluoroquinolones and macrolides may, due to a potential drug‐drug interaction, increase the concentration of any concomitantly administered direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and thereby increase the risk of severe bleeding. However, clinical evidence for such an effect is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides and bleeding events in patients with concomitant DOAC use. This was a nationwide cohort study including 19 288 users of DOACs in 2008‐2018 using information from Swedish national health registers. We compared the incidence of bleeding events associated with use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides using doxycycline as a negative control. Cox regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in time windows of various length of follow‐up after the start of antibiotic use. The incidence rates for fluoroquinolones and macrolides ranged from 12 to 24 and from 12 to 53 bleeding events per 100 000 patients in the investigated time windows. The aHRs (95% confidence interval) for use of fluoroquinolones and macrolides were 1.29 (0.69‐2.44) and 2.60 (0.74‐9.08) at the concomitant window, 1.31 (0.84‐2.03) and 1.79 (0.75‐4.29) at 30 days, and 1.34 (0.99‐1.82) and 1.28 (0.62‐2.65) at 150 days, respectively. With regard to fluoroquinolones, the present study suggests that the risk of bleeding when combined with DOACs, if any, is small. Codispensation of macrolides in patients on DOACs was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. However, due to the small number of macrolide users, the results must be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a patient with frosted branch-like appearance retinal vasculitis associated with peripheral capillary nonperfusion and full-field electroretinographic changes. A 62-year-old man presented with sudden bilateral decreased vision accompanied by headaches. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.01 in both eyes. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography showed bilateral frosted branch-like appearance retinal vasculitis, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed severe macular edema in both eyes. The cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed an increased lymphocyte count and protein levels. He was treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy, and his best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.8 OD and 1.0 OS at 6 months after onset. However, fluorescein angiography showed a lack of capillary perfusion in the periphery, and the oscillatory potentials on full-field electroretinography were severely reduced in both eyes. These findings indicated extensive retinal ischemia and inner retinal dysfunction, and that fluorescein angiography and full-field electroretinograms can be useful during follow-up of eyes with frosted branch-like appearance retinal vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, is excreted primarily by the kidneys. Development of effective chromatographic methodologies for the determination of daptomycin in human specimens is necessary for clinical use. This study developed a simple and validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to ultraviolet detection for determination of daptomycin in human plasma and urine. After the pretreatments involving protein precipitation, the supernatants were separated using a 2.3 µm particle size octadecylsilyl column, and the run time was 1 min. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 2-200 mg/L for plasma and 25-300 mg/L for urine. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values of plasma were within 13.5 and 92-100% and within 10.7 and 100-107%, respectively. Those of urine were within 5.0 and 101-104% and within 3.7 and 100-101%, respectively. The validated method was applied to the determination of plasma and urine samples in patients receiving 4-6 mg/kg of intravenous daptomycin, resulting in sufficient sensitivity for evaluating the plasma exposure and urinary excretion. In conclusion, the present method with acceptable analytical performance can be helpful for evaluating the pharmacokinetic disposition of daptomycin in clinical settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of names acknowledging the peer reviewers who reviewed manuscripts for the Annals of Pharmacotherapy between November 1, 2022, and October 1, 2023. It expresses gratitude for their time and effort in contributing to the journal. The document does not provide any additional information or context about these individuals. [Extracted from the article]

Objective  Diagnostic criteria for otogenic skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) have been conflicting among researchers. We aimed to propose clinically useful diagnostic criteria and a staging system for otogenic SBO that is associated with infection control and mortality. Design  The present study is designed as a retrospective one. Setting  This study was conducted at the University Hospital. Participants  Thirteen patients with otogenic SBO who met the novel rigorous diagnostic criteria consisted of symptomatic and radiological signs on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Simple refractory external otitis was not included. A staging system according to disease extent revealed by HRCT and MRI is proposed: lesions limited to the temporal bone (stage 1), extending to less than half (stage 2), exceeding the midline (stage 3), and extending to the whole of the clivus (stage 4). All patients received long-term antibiotic therapy. Patients were divided into infection-uncontrolled or -controlled groups based on symptoms, otoscopic findings, and C-reactive protein level at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 27.7 months. Main Outcome Measures  Possible prognostic factors, such as immunocompromised status and symptoms, including cranial nerve palsy, pretreatment laboratory data, and treatments, were compared between the infection-uncontrolled and -controlled groups. Disease stages were correlated with infection control and mortality. Results  The infection-uncontrolled rate and mortality rate were 38.5 and 23.1%, respectively. There were no significant differences in possible prognostic factors between the infection-uncontrolled and -controlled groups. HRCT-based stages significantly correlated with infection control and mortality. Conclusion  We proposed here the clinically useful diagnostic criteria and staging systems that can predict infection control and prognosis of otogenic SBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop phosphorescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), novel organoplatinum(II) complexes bearing oligofluorene-based cyclometalated ligands were synthesized. These materials exhibited intense reddish orange photoluminescence (PL) and thus were applied as emitting dopants to OLEDs. The fabricated OLEDs showed electroluminescence identical to PL of the corresponding dopants. A non-doped device was also successfully fabricated using the developed complex as an emitting layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]