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In this study, an optimization model was established based on the generalized contrastive weighted comprehensive scale index method. This model gives the evaluation indicators of SO2, NOx, CO, and TSP. It also innovatively introduces gas, the most harmful substance in underground coal mines, into the evaluation indicators. Moreover, the obvious hazardous concentration limit is used as the third standard concentration of the model. The scale sub-indices and the weights of SO2, NOx, CO, TSP, and gas are calculated, leading to the comprehensive scale index. Finally, the classification standard of the underground air quality is determined. An underground excavation face in Shaanxi Province is used as an example for air quality assessment. The air quality is generally poor at the points close to the working face, while that at the points far away from the working face is generally better. Furthermore, air quality optimization measures are given for areas with poor air quality.

The comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings (IOTs) not only resolved environmental problems, but also brought huge economic benefits. In this study, the synthetic route presented herein provides a novel method for the synthesis of ZSM-5 microspheres from IOTs. The effects of Si/Al molar ratios and the pH of the precursor solution on the formation of zeolite was evaluated by various analytical methods. The catalytic performance of the catalyst prepared by the solid-phase conversion method (denoted as MP-ZSM-5) was evaluated by methanol-to-propylene (MTP) reaction. Compared with the zeolite catalyst that synthesized via the conventional hydrothermal method (denoted as HM-ZSM-5), MP-ZSM-5 not only can achieve a long catalytic lifetime and good selectivity for propylene, but it can also demonstrate superior ability towards coke toleration. In addition, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) model is applied to the TG result to study the template removal process kinetics. The average activation energy values required for the removal of CTAB and TPABr are 201.11±13.42 and 326.88±16.91 KJ∙mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, this result is well coupled with the model-free kinetic algorithms to determine the conversion and isoconversion of the TPABr and CTAB decomposition in ZSM-5, which serves as important guidelines for the industrial production process.

Identity-based remote data auditing schemes can verify data integrity and provide a simple identity authentication and management for multiple users. However, prior works on identity-based remote data auditing lack the support of dynamic operations. In these schemes, tag generation is linked to the index of data block, which is related to update operations such as modification, insertion and deletion. If users perform dynamic operations on a data block, the tags of all subsequent blocks need to be modified. It means that if users want to update data on a big data platform, they have to download the whole file, update the file and send the updated file to the big data platform. Such pattern will bring huge communication overhead. In this paper, we propose an identity-based dynamic data auditing scheme which supports dynamic data operations, including modification, insertion and deletion. As far as we know, there is still no other identity-based data auditing scheme that supports dynamic operations. In particular, to achieve efficient dynamic operations, we use the data structure of Merkle hash tree for block tag authentication, which helps update data with integrity assurance. Analyses of security and performance show that the proposed scheme is efficient and secure.

Background Identification of more promising microRNAs (miRNAs) are being extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), since CRC is the leading cause of cancer deaths and most common malignant tumors worldwide. A series of colon cancer (CCa) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to provide a new perspective into this field. Methods The expression of miRNAs, mRNAs and the clinical data of 437 CRC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. The survival-related differentially expressed miRNAs (sDMIRs) and mRNAs were detected by COX regression analysis. The high-risk group and low-risk group were separated by the median risk score of the risk score model. The potential clinical characteristics of these sDMIRs were analyzed by R software. The potential molecular mechanisms of these sDMIRs were explored by computational biology. The expression levels of three sDMIRs were explored by qPCR in CRC samples. Results Three DMIRs (hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-194-3p and hsa-miR-891a-5p) correlated with the most remarkable prognostic values of CRC patients were selected to establish the risk score model (RSM) by univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis and the survival probability of the low-risk group was longer than that in the high-risk group. We detected the target genes of three sDMIRs and the potential molecular mechanisms of these sDMIRs. We further verified the high expression levels of hsa-miR-21-3p and hsa-miR-194-3p were associated with the early T-stages, while hsa-miR-891a-5p illustrated the reversed result. Conclusion Our study demonstrated three sDMIRs with significantly clinical values illustrated the potential predicting values in the prognosis of CRC patients. Our results may provide a new perspective for the diagnostic methods and treatment strategies in CRC patients.

Sulfadiazine (SDZ) residues in food products and the environment pose a serious threat to human health and ecological balance, thereby warranting the development of new methods for simple, rapid and accurate detection of these compounds. To this end, we developed a novel label-free dual-modal aptasensor for SDZ detection based on distance-dependent color change of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between AuNPs and rhodamine B (RhoB). In this aptasensor, the binding of the aptamer to SDZ causes unprotected AuNPs to aggregate in NaCl solution, which alters the color of the solution and restores the fluorescence of RhoB. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a linear colorimetric response in the SDZ concentration range of 50-1000 ng mL

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered to be one of the major sources of microplastics (MPs) in sewers; however, little has been reported on the surface properties and photochemical behavior of TWPs, especially in terms of their environmental persistent radicals, leachate type, and response after photoaging. It is also unknown how TWPs influence the production of common pollutants (e.g., sulfides) in anaerobic biofilms in sewers. In our study, the effects of cryogenically milled tire treads (C-TWPs) and their corresponding photoaging products (photoaging-TWPs, A-TWPs) on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the two TWPs at a low concentration (0.1 mg L

PurposeIn this paper, the authors aim to consider the manufacturer's battery research and development (R&D) decision under subsidy. The supply chain includes two manufacturers, which produce substitutable electric vehicles, and a battery supplier. One of the manufacturers can choose to develop batteries or buy batteries. The authors assume consumers do not have enough trust in the manufacturer-made battery.Design/methodology/approachStackelberg game is made use of to study the battery R&D strategy of the manufacturer under the incentive of government subsidies. This paper makes a comparative analysis on six situations, then the authors get some conclusions and give some managerial insights.FindingsThe results show that subsidy strategies do not necessarily reduce actual payments when the manufacturer does not research and develop batteries. The retail prices and actual payments are closely related to the substitutability and total cost advantage of product. The authors also find consumer trust positively affects the demand of the electric vehicles using the manufacturer-made batteries and then affects the manufacturer's battery R&D decision. When consumers have low trust in manufacturer-made battery, subsidy can bring greater sales and make R&D more profitable than procurement, so that the manufacturer chooses R&D. This study's findings also suggest consumer subsidy is always better for the government.Originality/valueDistinguished from previous studies, the authors discuss the decision-making of component research, and introduce various government subsidy strategies and consumer trust to study their roles in the manufacturer's battery R&D choice.

The quality of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is related to its endophytic fungi. It has been reported that the mycorrhizal fungus MF23 helps to increase the content of dendrobine in Dendrobium, but few studies have explained the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. In a previous study, we verified the mechanism of symbiosis between MF23 and D. nobile on agar medium. The research carried out in this study on bark medium, similar to the natural environment, is of great importance because of its benefits for wide application. We found a significant effect, especially in the later period of cultivation, in which the highest dendrobine content in the experimental group was 0.147%, which is equivalent to 2.88 times that of the control group, and suggesting that MF23 promoted D. nobile in the natural environment, which verifies the application of the technique in field conditions. This result also implied that post-modification enzyme genes might play an important role in stimulating the biosynthesis of dendrobine.

Selective introduction of the deuterium atom into the α-position of amines is important for the development of all types of novel deuterated drugs and agrochemicals due to the pervasive presence of amines. In this study, we report the first general single-electron-transfer reductive deuteration of both ketoximes and aldoximes using SmI2 as an electron donor and D2O as a deuterium source for the synthesis of α-deuterated primary amines with excellent levels of deuterium incorporations (>95% [D]). This protocol exhibits excellent chemoselectivity and tolerates a variety of functional groups. The potential application of this new method was showcased in the synthesis of deuterated drugs, such as rimantadine-d4, the tebufenpyrad analogue, derivatives of nabumetone and pregnenolone, and a series of building blocks for the rapid and general assembly of deuterated drugs and pesticides.

Herein, we reported an efficient and general synthetic route to assemble benzene-modified 2nd generation strigolactams and GR24. The key features of this synthesis include a palladium-catalyzed ortho-selective olefination of the commercially available substituted N-Boc phenylalanine and a decarboxylative Giese radical cyclization. The bioactivities of these compounds to stimulate the seed germination of Orobanche aegyptiaca parasitic weed were also analysed. 2nd generation strigolactam 15f derived from para-OMe phenylalanine showed superior bioactivity to the original unsubstituted 15b.

A highly chemoselective reductive deuteration of acyl fluorides to provide α,α-dideuterio alcohols with exquisite levels of deuterium incorporation was developed using SmI2 and D2O as the deuterium source. This method introduces acyl fluorides as attractive radical precursors for the generation of reactive acyl-type fluoride ketyls that should find widespread application in many synthetic strategies involving single electron transfer processes.

Biomimetic total syntheses of Festuclavine and Pyroclavine were achieved by a sequential radical coupling. The key steps include intramolecular decarboxylative Giese reaction to form the central C ring and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns)-directed indole C4-H olefination to introduce the indole C4 component. In addition, D-ring formation was completed by decarboxylative alkenylation and intramolecular SN2 reaction.

A fluorescence aptasensor was developed based on two-dimensional nanomagnetic materials Fe3O4/Au/g-C3N4 and FAM-labeled aptamer of sulfamethazine (FAM-SMZ1S) for sensitive and rapid detection of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in animal-derived foods. The aptasensor exhibited a high sensitivity with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.87 ng/mL (S/N = 3), the linear range from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. The performance of aptasensor was demonstrated in 10 real-world samples with the recovery rate in the range of 91.6%-106.82% and the coefficient of variation (CV) in the range of 2.8%-13.44%. In addition, the detection ability of the aptasensor was comparable with that of the HPLC as the detection results demonstrated good correlations (R2 > 0.9153). Therefore, the aptasensor can be a sensitive, accurate and rapid method for the detection of SMZ in animal-derived foods.

Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinically progressive illness that can advance from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are two of the most common diseases caused by NAFLD. As there are no early disease biomarkers and no US Food and Drug Administration‑approved medications, treatment for NAFLD is still focused on altering lifestyle and dietary habits, which makes it difficult to treat effectively. As a result, a novel treatment is urgently needed to prevent NAFLD progression. Calcium (Ca

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with relapse after surgery for fibrosarcoma. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 56 patients who experienced recurrence after fibrosarcoma resection and who received chemotherapy from September 2015 to September 2017 (no significant difference in general data of patients) (p>0.05). Differences in drug use and adverse effects were observed between patients who received monotherapy and those who received regular chemotherapy (MAID/AI). Results Compared with the regular chemotherapy group, patients in the apatinib monotherapy group exhibited an improved overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). In patients treated with apatinib, the incidence of adverse reactions was improved, and the symptoms were mild (P Conclusion Apatinib is a single-drug regimen that can be used in cases of recurrence of fibrosarcoma with high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2); its short-term efficacy is excellent, and its side effects are minimal. This drug may be used as part of a regular chemotherapy program.

The combination of persulfate (PDS) with micron-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) was introduced into the process of anaerobic fermentation (AF) to scrutinize the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from waste activated sludge for the first time. The synergetic effect of PDS and Fe3O4 results in the promotion of intracellular and extracellular substance liberation, augment in key hydrolases activities, and enrichment of hydrolytic and acidifying microbial population. Meanwhile, carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism as well as enzymes, are considerably accelerated. Consequently, the maximum SCFAs yield is significantly enhanced to 391.25 mg COD/L on day 8 of AF with the addition of 0.3 g Fe3O4/g SS and 0.5 g PDS/g SS, which was 2.39-folds than that of the control. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria were highly enriched and reached to 35.76% at the class level. This work affords an effective avenue to evidently boost the production of SCFAs from WAS via AF.

Background: The abundant immune-related long non-coding RNA (IRLNRs) in immune cells and immune microenvironment have the potential to forecast prognosis and evaluate the effect of immunotherapy. IRLNRs analysis will provide a new perspective for LUAC research. Methods: We calculated the immune score of each sample according to the expression levels of immune-related genes (IRGs) and screened the survival-related IRLNRs (sIRLNRs) by Cox regression analysis. The expression levels of AC068338.3 and AL691432.2 in tissues and cell lines were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Results: 36 IRLNRs were selected by Pearson correlation analysis. Ten sIRLNRs were significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes of LUAC patients. Five sIRLNRs were identified by multivariate COX regression analysis to establish the immune-related risk score model (IRRS). The overall survival (OS) in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group. IRRS could be an independent prognostic factor with significant survival correlation The distributions of immune gene concentrations were different between high-risk group and low-risk group. Furthermore, we further verified that the expression levels of AC068338.3 and AL691432.2 in different LUAC cell lines and tumor tissues were lower than that in Human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE) and adjacent tissues respectively. The lower expression levels of AC068338.3 and AL691432.2 were detected with the more advance T-stages. Conclusions: Our results highlighted some sIRLNRs with significant clinical correlations and demonstrated their monitored and prognostic values for LUAC patients. The results of this study may provide a new perspective for immunological research and immunotherapy strategies.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role on no shivering thermogenesis during cold exposure to maintain animal body temperature and energy homeostasis. However, knowledge of the cellular transition from white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT is still limited. In this study, we provided a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptional signatures of goat BAT and WAT. A total of 157 metabolites were significantly changed, including 81 upregulated and 76 downregulated metabolites. In addition, we identified the citric acid cycle, fatty acid elongation, and degradation pathways as coordinately activated in BAT. Interestingly, five unsaturated fatty acids (Eicosadienoic Acid, C20:2; γ-Linolenic acid, C20:3; Arachidonic Acid, C20:4; Adrenic acid, C22:4; Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6), Succinate, L-carnitine, and L-palmitoyl-carnitine were found to be abundant in BAT. Furthermore, L-carnitine, an intermediate of fatty acid degradation, is required for goat brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis through activating AMPK pathway. However, L-carnitine decreased lipid accumulation through inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipocytes. These results revealed that there are the significant alterations in transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles between goat WAT and BAT, which may contribute to better understanding the roles of metabolites in BAT thermogenesis process.

Objective: To compare the recurrence rate of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment with 0.3 mg vs. 0.25 mg ranibizumab. Subjects: All patients with ROP who underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in Hainan General Hospital between January 2014 and May 2020 were included in this study. Methods: 82 cases (146 eyes) who received intravitreal injection of 0.25 mg ranibizumab were included in the conventional-dose group, and 59 cases (108 eyes) who received intravitreal injection of 0.3 mg ranibizumab were included in the high-dose group. The two groups were further divided into the 25-28-week, 29-31-week, 32-34-week, and 35-36-week GA subgroups. The differences between the conventional-dose group and the high-dose group in gestational age (GA), birth weight(BW), age at initial injection(weeks), incidence of systemic diseases, the recurrence rate of ROP, and age at retinal vascularization completed(weeks) were analyzed. Results: GA, BW, age at initial injection, and the incidence of systemic diseases were not significantly different between the conventional-dose group and the high-dose group (p>0.05). The recurrence rates of ROP were significantly lower in the 25-28-week, 29-31-week, and 32-34-week subgroups of the high-dose group than in the same subgroups of the conventional-dose group (p0.05). Retinal vascularization was completed at a later age in the 32-34-week subgroup of the high-dose group than in the 32-34-week subgroup of the conventional-dose group (p0.05). No severe ocular or systemic complications occurred in any patient. Conclusion: Treatment with 0.3 mg ranibizumab can reduce the recurrence rate of ROP without prolonging retinal vascularization or causing serious systemic complications. Therefore, this dose may be an appropriate therapeutic dose for ROP.

When users store data in big data platforms, the integrity of outsourced data is a major concern for data owners due to the lack of direct control over the data. However, the existing remote data auditing schemes for big data platforms are only applicable to static data. In order to verify the integrity of dynamic data in a Hadoop big data platform, we presents a dynamic auditing scheme meeting the special requirement of Hadoop. Concretely, a new data structure, namely Data Block Index Table, is designed to support dynamic data operations on HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system), including appending, inserting, deleting, and modifying. Then combined with the MapReduce framework, a dynamic auditing algorithm is designed to audit the data on HDFS concurrently. Analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure enough to resist forge attack, replace attack and replay attack on big data platform. It is also efficient in both computation and communication.

A highly chemoselective reductive deuteration of acyl fluorides to provide α,α-dideuterio alcohols with exquisite levels of deuterium incorporation was developed using SmI