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Agriculture is the largest water and land using sector in China. From the perspective of energy utilization, agriculture serves both as a carbon source and a carbon sink sector. This paper employs the methods of agricultural water pollution ecological footprint and carrying capacity, biology ecological footprint and carrying capacity, as well as energy ecological footprint and carrying capacity to measure the spatio-temporal patterns of resource utilization and ecological pressure index of agricultural water-land-energy in china. The main conclusions are: (1) In 2020, China’s agricultural biological ecological footprint (BEF) was the highest, constituting nearly 66 % of the total and demonstrating an upward trend. The agricultural water pollution ecological footprint (PEF) was also significant, at approximately 33 %, but it exhibited a declining trend. In contrast, the agricultural energy ecological footprint (EEF) was the lowest. (2) Over the past 20 years, the per capita agricultural total ecological footprint (TEF) increased by 114.63 %. The per unit area agricultural ecological footprint changed slightly, ranging from 3.16 to 3.63 hm2. The ecological efficiency of agricultural economy had been greatly improved. (3) The TEF in Henan, Heilongjiang and Shandong provinces ranked among the highest level in China. However, the regions with the highest level of agricultural total ecological capacity (TEC) were Sichuan, Tibet and Hunan. (4) Tianjin and Henan provinces experience the highest agricultural ecological stress, with stress indices (TEF/TEC) reaching 1.42 and 1.14, respectively, indicating that the supply of agricultural ecological resources within these regions significantly lags behind their exploitation and utilization, which is unfavorable for the agricultural sustainable development. The results can unveil the temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural resource pressure along with its underlying causes, while also offering strategies and recommendations for fostering sustainable agricultural development.

Altitude and ecological factors significantly influence plant growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, current research on the impact of altitude and ecological factors on the yield and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) is limited. This study established sampling sites in wild populations of A. argyi across seven altitude ranges on Funiu Mountain. We quantified the yield, output rate of moxa, and key medicinal ingredients. Additionally, we analyzed the response of yield and medicinal quality of wild A. argyi populations to various ecological factors at different altitudes. The results showed that wild populations of A. argyi exhibited higher yields and medicinal quality at altitudes below 500 m. Yield was positively correlated with higher soil total nitrogen (TN) content and lower soil total phosphorus (TP) content, while the improvements in medicinal quality were positively associated with higher population density and lower contents of both soil TN and TP. The variation in soil C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios across different altitudes was substantial, affecting soil mineralization and subsequently influencing the absorption of mineral elements by A. argyi. Notably, the phosphorus content in leaves and stems was negatively correlated with yield and medicinal quality, respectively. In contrast, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in leaves was positively correlated with yield. The differences in the primary medicinal ingredients between the leaves and stems of A. argyi were maximum at altitudes below 500 m. The contents of neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid in both leaves and stems showed a significant positive correlation. In the principal component analysis, the primary medicinal ingredients from the leaves contributed more significantly to the overall quality than those from stems. These results suggest that A. argyi is best suited for cultivation at altitudes below 500 m. Population density and the soil’s TN and TP contents play a crucial role in determining the yield and medicinal quality of A. argyi. Futhermore, the medicinal quality of A. argyi is more indicative of the main medicinal ingredients found in the leaves, while the stems also serve as a key organ for accumulating flavonoids and phenolic acids.

Background The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese residents is high while the control rate is low. It has been suggested by numerous epidemiologic studies that reducing salt intake could reduce blood pressure level. Therefore, it is significant for health management of residents and reducing social burden to explore determinants of salt-reduction behavior among residents. Objective To explore the predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors of salt-reduction behavior among Shandong residents based on the PRECEDE model, and provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent salt-reduction campaign. Methods This study was a mixed methods research. A total of 114 residents were interviewed in 2016 and 2018 by using purposive sampling method. The interview guide mainly contained attitudes to salt control, difficulties encountered and assistance received during salt control. The quantitative data were obtained from the database of terminal survey of Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH), and the sample of eastern as well as central-southern Shandong from the database was selected into this research. The part related to hypertension among this survey was selected from the database, and a total of 6 697 research objects were finally selected. Results The results of multinomial Logistic regression showed that gender, occupation and education level have an impact on the compliance of salt reduction behavior controlling for the effect of other variables (P

Abstract Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic and progressive dermatologic condition that can cause physical dysfunction, disfigurement, and impaired quality of life. However, the etiology of VLS remains unknown. The vulvar skin, intestinal and vaginal microbiomes have been postulated to play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to compare the compositional characteristics of the vulvar skin, vagina, and gut microbiota between perimenopausal or postmenopausal VLS patients and healthy controls. The study involved six perimenopausal or postmenopausal VLS patients which were based on characteristic clinical manifestations and histologic confirmation and five healthy controls. The pruritus severity of each patient was evaluated using the NRS scale, and the dermatology-specific health-related quality of life was assessed using the Skindex-16. Metagenomic sequencing was performed, and the results were analyzed for alpha and beta diversity. LEfSe analysis were used to investigate the microbial alterations in vulvar skin, gut and vagina. KEGG databases were used to analyze differences in functional abundance. The study found significant differences in alpha diversity between the two groups in stool and vaginal samples (P

Access to adequate and secure sanitation to prevent and reduce disease occurrence and improve people's health has been a longstanding global concern. Toilet standardization is immensely important for the promotion of sanitation in China. At present, China has more than 200 toilet-related standards, including national, industrial, provincial, association, and enterprise standards. In addition, there are many existing problems with the standard system, such as standards lagging, standards deficiency, and cross-repetition of standards content. This study analyzed the toilet standards utilizing a six-dimensional structure of the standardized system engineering methodology. A framework for the toilet standard system, which consists of six components, is proposed: basic general standard, public toilet standard, household toilet standard, toilet hardware standard, environmental health and safety standard, and toilet accessory standard and standard toilet peripherals. Additionally, the study suggests approaches for improving standardization including cultivating and developing association and enterprise standards, establishing a standardization technical committee, strengthening standard publicizing and implementation, and linkages with international standards. HIGHLIGHTS A six-level framework of the toilet standard system in China is presented and elaborated.; Problems and potential barriers for toilet standardization in China are analyzed.; We suggest establishing a technical standardization committee, standardization organization coordination mechanism, etc. to promote toilet standardization.; This study provides insights that will guide the formation of effective policies and strategies to enhance sanitation in China.;

The impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on autoimmune diseases (AID) patients has been an important focus. This study was undertaken to characterize the incidence, clinical manifestations and hospitalization among AID affected by COVID-19 and to analyze the association between immunomodulatory medication and these outcomes. Clinical, demographic, maintenance treatment, symptoms and disease course data and outcomes of AID patients with COVID-19 infection were assessed via an online survey tool and printed copy from 1 January till February 28, 2023. A total of 432 patients with AID were enrolled in the study. The results showed the most common conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) was hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The usage of csDMARDs didn't increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. Patients who warranted hospitalization were significantly older. ILD was associated with higher hospitalization rate. No csDMARDs other than calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) was associated with increased risk of hospitalization. HCQ intake was associated with cough. Compared with no glucocorticoids (GCs) group, high doses of GCs were accompanied with higher proportion of gastrointestinal symptoms and tachycardia, lower proportion of sore throat and ageusia. GCs didn't provoke the COVID‐19 infection in patients with AID, but chronic use of oral GCs was significantly more common in those requiring hospitalization, and higher dose of GCs were correlated with higher risk of hospitalization. 97 patients discontinued csDMARDs after infection, which resulted in an elevated risk of hospitalization. Meanwhile, withdrawal of csDMARDs was associated with higher odds of disease flare and lower proportion of remission than maintenance groups. Collectively, our analysis provides the evidence that maintenance treatment of csDMARDs may be more prudent for AID patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is mainly derived from the exocrine pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, and it is strongly aggressive malignant tumor. Due to its insidious onset and the lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers, PC currently remains one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies have found that hsa_circ_0001846 is involved in the progression of multiple cancers and has the potential to become biomarkers, but its function and mechanism in PC remains unclear. We found by qRT-PCR experiments that hsa_circ_0001846 was upregulated in PC cells and tissues, while circBase, Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis and FISH experiments identified the splicing site, ring structure and cellular localization of hsa_circ_0001846. Various functional experiments by using the construction of small interfering RNA targeting hsa_circ_0001846 and overexpression plasmid demonstrated that hsa_circ_0001846 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells. Moreover, the tumor weight and volume of nude mice were significantly reduced after the stable knockdown of hsa_circ_0001846. In the mechanism exploration, RNA pull-down experiments and dual-luciferase experiments helped us to determine that hsa_circ_0001846 regulated the KRAS expression by sponging miR-204-3p in PC, thus playing a pro-cancer role. In this study, the effect of miR-204-3p on PC was also explored for the first time, and we found that knockdown of miR-204-3p reversed the tumor suppressive effect caused by silencing hsa_circ_0001846, and silencing KRAS also rescued the pro-cancer effect caused by overexpression of hsa_circ_0001846. In conclusion, our study revealed the pro-cancer role of hsa_circ_0001846 in PC, and for the first time identified the mechanism that hsa_circ_0001846 regulated KRAS by sponging miR-204-3p to promote PC progression and had the potential to become a cancer biomarker.

Abstract The design of cereblon-binding molecular glues (MGs) that selectively recruit a desired protein while excluding teratogenic SALL4 is an area of significant interest when designing therapeutic agents. Previous studies show that SALL4 is degraded in the presence of IKZF1 degraders pomalidomide, and to a lesser extent by CC-220. To expand our understanding of the molecular basis for the interaction of SALL4 with cereblon, we performed biophysical and structural studies demonstrating that SALL4 zinc finger domains one and two (ZF1-2) interact with cereblon (CRBN) in a unique manner. ZF1 interacts with the N-terminal domain of cereblon and ZF2 binds as expected in the C-terminal IMiD-binding domain. Both ZF1 and ZF2 contribute to the potency of the interaction of ZF1-2 with CRBN:MG complexes and the affinities of SALL4 ZF1-2 for the cereblon:CC-220 complex are less potent than for the corresponding pomalidomide complex. Structural analysis provides a rationale for understanding the reduced affinity of SALL4 for cereblon in the presence of CC-220, which engages both ZF1 and ZF2. These studies further our understanding of the molecular glue-mediated interactions of zinc finger-based proteins with cereblon and may provide structural tools for the prospective design of compounds with reduced binding and degradation of SALL4.

This paper addresses the collaborative localization problem for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) clusters with random measurement delays. We propose a Cubature Kalman Hybrid Consensus Filter (CKHCF) based on the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) for widely distributed USV clusters lacking global communication capabilities. In this approach, each USV exchanges two pairs of information with all its neighbors and recalculates the received localization data based on distance and relative angle measurements. The recalculated information is then fused with the locally filtered data and updated to obtain localization information based on global measurements. To mitigate the impact of random measurement delays, we employ one-step prediction to compensate for delayed measurements. We present the derivation of the CKHCF algorithm and prove its consistency and boundedness using mathematical induction. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through simulation experiments.

Summary: Memory has been identified as the least heritable cognitive trait in canines, suggesting a significant influence of non-genetic factors. We observed a trend that overall memory scores (OMS) improve with age in a cohort of 27 young dogs, but considerable plasticity exists. Employing linear discriminant analysis of gut microbiome data from dogs exhibiting low and high OMS, a single bacterial species, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, was identified and confirmed to be correlated with elevated OMS. Subsequent analysis using a random forest regression model revealed that sex, litter, and breed identity had minimal predictive importance. Age had some predictive value but failed to achieve statistical significance in this dataset. In sharp contrast, the abundance of 17 bacterial taxa in the microbiome showed a stronger predictive capacity for memory performance. Our findings provide insights into microbiome underpinnings of mammalian cognitive functions and suggest avenues for developing psychobiotics to enhance canine memory and learning.

IntroductionMicrobial population structures within fecal samples are vital for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. The two primary methods for collecting feline fecal samples are: (1) using a fecal loop, which retrieves a rectal sample using a small, looped instrument, and (2) using the litter box, which collects stool directly from the litter. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different research objectives.Methods and resultsWhole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on the gut microbiomes of fecal samples collected using these two methods from 10 adult cats housed in the same research facility. We evaluated the influence of collection methods on feline microbiome analysis, particularly their impact on DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, microbial composition, and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Interestingly, fecal sample collection using a fecal loop resulted in a lower yield of microbial DNA compared to the litterbox method (p = 0.004). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of host contamination (p = 0.106), virus contamination (p = 0.232), relative taxonomy abundance of top five phyla (Padj > 0.638), or the number of microbial genes covered (p = 0.770). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, the number of taxa identified at each taxonomic level, and the relative abundance of taxonomic units.DiscussionThese two sample collection methods do not affect microbial population structures within fecal samples and collecting fecal samples directly from the litterbox within 6 hours after defecation can be considered a reliable approach for microbiome research.

Randomly moving active particles can be herded into directed motion by asymmetric geometric structures. Although such a rectification process has been extensively studied due to its fundamental, biological, and technological relevance, a comprehensive understanding of active matter rectification based on single particle dynamics remains elusive. Here, by combining experiments, simulations, and theory, we study the directed transport and energetics of swimming bacteria navigating through funnel-shaped obstacles--a paradigmatic model of rectification of living active matter. We develop a microscopic parameter-free model for bacterial rectification, which quantitatively explains experimental and numerical observations and predicts the optimal geometry for the maximum rectification efficiency. Furthermore, we quantify the degree of time irreversibility and measure the extractable work associated with bacterial rectification. Our study provides quantitative solutions to long-standing questions on bacterial rectification and establishes a generic relationship between time irreversibility, particle fluxes, and extractable work, shedding light on the energetics of nonequilibrium rectification processes in living systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks (PTNs) is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs, neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs. Therefore, this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism, structural and functional characteristics of bus–rail transit networks (BRTNs). In this framework, a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’ travel behaviors under various disturbances. Additionally, stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork. The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing, China. Results indicate that the rail transit network (RTN) plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN. Furthermore, the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network (BTN) exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption. These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.

Abstract Background This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of the skin-derived precursor Schwann cells for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury. Results The skin-derived precursor Schwann cells-treatment significantly restored erectile functions, accelerated the recovery of endothelial and smooth muscle tissues in the penis, and promoted nerve repair. The expression of p-Smad2/3 decreased after the treatment, which indicated significantly reduced fibrosis in the corpus cavernosum. Conclusions Implantation of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating erectile dysfunction induced by bilateral cavernous nerve injury.

Background: The sedative role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures is unclear. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of sedation with DEX during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures with a view to providing evidence-based references for clinical decision-making.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared DEX with different sedatives comparators (such as propofol, midazolam, and ketamine) for sedation in a variety of adult gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures from inception to 1 July 2022. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) or pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI were used for continuous outcomes or dichotomous outcomes, respectively, and a random-effect model was selected regardless of the significance of the heterogeneity.Results: Forty studies with 2,955 patients were assessed, of which 1,333 patients were in the DEX group and 1,622 patients were in the control (without DEX) group. The results suggested that the primary outcomes of sedation level of DEX are comparable to other sedatives, with similar RSS score and patient satisfaction level, and better in some clinical outcomes, with a reduced risk of body movements or gagging (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.97; p = 0.04; I2 = 68%), and a reduced additional requirement for other sedatives, and increased endoscopist satisfaction level (SMD: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.77; p = 0.03; I2 = 86%). In terms of secondary outcomes of adverse events, DEX may benefit patients in some clinical outcomes, with a reduced risk of hypoxia (RR:0.34; 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.55; p < 0.0001; I2 = 52%) and cough (RR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.54; p = 0.0004; I2 = 0%), no significant difference in the risk of hypotension, while an increased risk of bradycardia (RR: 3.08; 95% CI: 2.12 to 4.48; p < 0.00001; I2 = 6%).Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that DEX is a safe and effective sedative agent for gastrointestinal endoscopy because of its benefits for patients in some clinical outcomes. Remarkably, DEX is comparable to midazolam and propofol in terms of sedation level. In conclusion, DEX provides an additional option in sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced

Abstract Subsect. Hirculoideae Engl. & Irmsch., belonging to Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae Haw., has high species richness. It can be divided into S. diversifolia, S. pseudohirculus, and S. sinomontana complexes based on morphological characteristics. The species with prominent leaf veins on the posterior leaf edge were placed in the S. diversifolia complex, which is mainly distributed on the eastern and southern margins of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. In this study, 53 samples, representing 15 of the 33 described species in the S. diversifolia complex, were sequenced using the Restriction‐site Associated DNA Sequence (RAD‐seq) technique. A total of 111,938 high‐quality SNP loci were screened to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the S. diversifolia complex. The result of the neighbor‐joining (NJ) tree shows that the S. diversifolia complex is a paraphyletic group. Despite of some inconsistencies as revealed by genetic structural analysis, clustering results of representative species reconstructed by both NJ and principal component analysis analyses support previous biogeographic and morphological evidences. In addition, long‐distance gene flow events for 11 taxa were detected in the S. diversifolia complex, respectively from S. implicans 1 to S. implicans 2, S. diversifolia and S. maxionggouensis, and from S. maxionggouensis to S. nigroglandulifera. These findings may improve our comprehension of the phylogeny, classification, and evolution of the S. diversifolia complex.

Abstract Background Fecal specimens are critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. For domestic cats, lubricants are often necessary to obtain a sufficient quantity of sample. However, the effect of lubrication on feline microbiome analysis has not been assessed. Objectives To evaluate if lubrication using mineral oil during cat feces sample collection affects the DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, and the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Animals Eight 6‐year‐old male, neutered, domestic short‐haired cats housed in a research facility. Methods Cohort study. The gut microbiomes were investigated for fecal sample collection with and without lubrication using whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Results Fecal specimens were collected using a fecal loop under sedation without lubrication and with mineral oil lubrication. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the microbial DNA yield in ng/mg fecal sample (75.75 [25.8‐125.7] vs 60.72 [33.49‐87.95], P = .95), metagenomic sequencing yield in Gbp (10.31 [6.29‐14.32] vs 13.53 [12.04‐15.02], P = .2), proportion of host contamination (0.1 [0.02‐0.18] vs 0.15 [0‐0.3], P = .84), relative taxonomy abundance (P > .8), or the number of microbial genes covered (408 132 [341 556‐474 708] vs 425 697 [358 505‐492 889], P = .31). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Fecal sampling with mineral oil lubrication did not change the microbial DNA extraction yield, metagenomic sequencing yield, level of host contamination, the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Here we reported a proven cat‐friendly protocol for fecal sample collection in clinical and research setting for gut microbiome analyses.

Abstract Exploiting the spin degree of freedom to store and manipulate information provides a paradigm for future microelectronics. The development of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has created a fascinating platform for exploring spintronic properties in the two-dimensional (2D) limit. Transition-metal dichalcogenides such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have electronic band structures that are ideal for hosting many exotic spin–orbit phenomena. Here, we report the spin-filtering effect in all-vdW heterostructures with WSe2 barrier. Combining 2D-perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) with different thicknesses of WSe2, the FGT/WSe2/FGT spin valve shows distinct charge and spin transport behavior. Moreover, the negative magnetoresistance (−4.3%) could be inverted into positive magnetoresistance (up to +25.8%) with decreasing the WSe2 thickness. Furthermore, we proposed a spin-filtering model based on Δ-symmetry electrons tunneling to explain the crossover from negative to positive MR signal through ab initio calculation. These experimental and theoretical results illustrate the rich potential of the families of TMDC materials to control spin currents in 2D spintronic devices.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancer biological processes. Nevertheless, the contributions and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain largely unexplored. Dysregulated circRNAs between cancerous tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues were identified by circRNA microarray in PDAC. The biological effect of hsa_circ_007367 both in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Further, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were performed to confirm the interaction among hsa_circ_007367, miR-6820-3p, and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). The expression of hsa_circ_007367 and YAP1 were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarray (TMA) in 128 PDAC samples. We first identified that a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0007367, was markedly upregulated in PDAC tissues and cells. Functionally, in vivo and in vitro data indicated that hsa_circ_0007367 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of PDAC. Mechanistically, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0007367 could facilitate the expression of YAP1, a well-known oncogene, by sponging miR-6820-3p, which function as a tumor suppresser in PDAC cells. The results of ISH and IHC demonstrated that hsa_circ_0007367 and YAP1 were upregulated in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, clinical data showed that higher hsa_circ_0007367 expression was correlated with advanced histological grade and lymph node metastasis in PDAC patients. In conclusion, our findings reveal that hsa_circ_0007367 acts as an oncogene via modulating miR-6820-3p/YAP1 axis to promote the progression of PDAC, and suggest that hsa_circ_0007367 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of PDAC.

Large-scale traffic sensors are strategically deployed across various infrastructures and modes of transportation (e [...]

Abstract Background The genus Swertia is of great medicinal importance and one of the most taxonomically challenging taxa within Gentianaceae, largely due to the morphological similarities of species within this genus and with its closely related genera. Previous molecular studies confirmed its polyphyly but suffered from low phylogenetic resolutions because only limited sequence loci were used. Thus, we conducted the structural, gene evolutionary, and phylogenetic analyses of 11 newly obtained plastomes of Swertia. Our result greatly improved the phylogenetic resolutions in Swertia, shed new light on the plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships of this genus. Results The 11 Swertia plastomes together with the published seven species proved highly similar in overall size, structure, gene order, and content, but revealed some structural variations caused by the expansion and contraction of the IRb region into the LSC region, due to the heterogeneous length of the ψycf1. The gene rps16 was found to be in a state flux with pseudogenes or completely lost. Similar situation was also documented in other genera of Gentianaceae. This might imply loss of the gene in the common ancestor of Gentianaceae. The distribution plot of ENC vs. GC3 showed all these plastomes arranging very close in the Wright line with an expected ENC value (49–52%), suggesting the codon usage of Swertia was mainly constrained by a GC mutation bias. Most of the genes remained under the purifying selection, however, the cemA was identified under positive selection, possibly reflecting an adaptive response to low CO2 atmospheric conditions during the Late Miocene. Our phylogenomic analyses, based on 74 protein-coding genes (CDS), supported the polyphyly of Swertia with its close allies in the subtribe Swertiinae, presumably due to recent rapid radiation. The topology inferred from our phylogenetic analyses partly supported the current taxonomic treatment. Finally, several highly variable loci were identified, which can be used in future phylogenetic studies and accurate identification of medicinal genuineness of Swertia. Conclusions Our study confirmed the polyphyly of Swertia and demonstrated the power of plastome phylogenomics in improvement of phylogenetic resolution, thus contributing to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of Swertia.

Résumé Contexte La dysfonction érectile (DE) survient souvent en raison d’une lésion du nerf caverneux après une chirurgie colorectale. Les thérapies cellulaires ont un grand potentiel dans le traitement de la DE liée aux lésions du nerf caverneux; cependant, ces thérapies doivent être optimisées. Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré les effets thérapeutiques des cellules souches adipeuses (ADSC) allogéniques préconditionnées par lipopolysaccharides (L-ADSC) sur la dysfonction érectile induite par lésion du nerf caverneux chez le rat. Résultats Les résultats de l’étude in vitro ont révélé que les lipopolysaccharides à faible dose pourraient augmenter la viabilité des cellules souches adipeuses, inhiber l’activation de la caspase 3 induite par le peroxyde d’hydrogène, et favoriser la migration cellulaire. Comparé au surnageant des cellules souches adipeuses, le surnageant des cellules souches préconditionnées (L-ADSC) pourrait mieux réduire la fibrose, dans les cellules musculaires lisses du corps caverneux, induite par la transformation du facteur de croissance-protéine bêta 1. Dans l’étude in vivo, par comparaison au traitement par ADSC, la thérapie par L-ADSC indiquait une meilleure amélioration de la fonction érectile en augmentant le contenu musculaire lisse et en soulageant la fibrose pénienne chez le rat 2 semaines après lésion du nerf caverneux. Le résultat pourrait être lié à l’augmentation de la teneur en facteur de croissance hépatocytaire dans le corps caverneux, et de la protéine de base de la myéline dans le ganglion pelvien majeur. Conclusions Le traitement par cellules souches adipeuses (ADSC) allogéniques préconditionnées par lipopolysaccharides (L-ADSC) pourrait être une approche prometteuse pour restaurer la fonction érectile après lésion du nerf caverneux.

Human cancer statistics show that an increased incidence of urologic cancers such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Due to the lack of early markers and effective therapeutic targets, their prognosis is poor. Fascin-1 is an actin-binding protein, which functions in the formation of cell protrusions by cross-linking with actin filaments. Studies have found that fascin-1 expression is elevated in most human cancers and is related to outcomes such as neoplasm metastasis, reduced survival, and increased aggressiveness. Fascin-1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for urologic cancers, but there is no comprehensive review to evaluate these studies. This review aimed to provide an enhanced literature review, outline, and summarize the mechanism of fascin-1 in urologic cancers and discuss the therapeutic potential of fascin-1 and the possibility of its use as a potential marker. We also focused on the correlation between the overexpression of fascin-1 and clinicopathological parameters. Mechanistically, fascin-1 is regulated by several regulators and signaling pathways (such as long noncoding RNA, microRNA, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular regulated protein kinases). The overexpression of fascin-1 is related to clinicopathologic parameters such as pathological stage, bone or lymph node metastasis, and reduced disease-free survival. Several fascin-1 inhibitors (G2, NP-G2-044) have been evaluated in vitro and in preclinical models. The study proved the promising potential of fascin-1 as a newly developing biomarker and a potential therapeutic target that needs further investigation. The data also highlight the inadequacy of fascin-1 to serve as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer.

A developed tungsten (W) grade was prepared by powder metallurgy technology plus multi-step low-temperature rolling. The relative density, thermal conductivity, microstructure, tensile properties of original and high-temperature annealed states, micro-hardness and transient thermal shock resistance were characterized. The results of tensile test with a strain rate of 2 × 10-4 s−1 show that the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of rolled-W in the original and recrystallized state are 150–200 °C and 250–300 °C, respectively. The rolled-W presents high strength and great plasticity simultaneously. For example, the maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) below DBTT is as high as ∼ 1189 MPa, and the maximum total elongation (TE) above DBTT reaches 28.9 %. In particular, the TE of recrystallized W achieves an incredible 81.4 % at 500 °C, which is the highest value among all the published literatures so far. The results of transient thermal shock tests indicate that the rolled-W has an outstanding transient thermal shock resistance. It can withstand the thermal bombardment at an absorbed power densities (APD) of 0.33 GW·m−2 without causing any surface damages, and still no cracks are observed as the APD rises to 0.88 GW·m−2. Moreover, the failure mechanism of rolled-W was also studied in details. This work plays an important role in establishing a dependable China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) data-library on a unitary W grade, which can provide an effective reference for the identification of material performance under the high heat flux and subsequent numerical simulation.

This work investigates the irradiation hardening and deuterium (D) retention behaviour of tungsten (W) under synergistic irradiations of heavy ions and D plasma. 3.5 MeV iron (Fe13+) ion irradiation was performed on recrystallized W samples (RW) to produce displacement damage of 1 dpa. Then, low-energy (38 eV) D plasma exposure was conducted at 500 K. It is found that Fe ion irradiation creates substantial vacancy-type defects and dislocation loops/networks in RW. These irradiation-induced defects not only function as nucleation sites for dislocations that increase the activation probability of new dislocations and suppress the pop-in events, but also act as barriers for dislocations that result in irradiation hardening. Nano-indentation results show that the average hardness of RW-D, RW-Fe and RW-Fe-D increases from 5.26 GPa for RW to 5.28, 6.23 and 6.56 GPa, respectively. The strong interaction between dislocations and high density of damage-induced defects is suggested to be the chief source for the obvious irradiation hardening observed in the synergistic irradiation case. Besides, compared with RW-D, the total D retention in RW-Fe-D is increased by a factor of 2.65. NRA and TDS results suggest that Fe pre-irradiation not only increases D retention within the damage layer (within the first 1.3 μm), but also enhances that beyond the damage layer (>1.3 μm) before surface blisters are formed. This work further improves the fundamental understanding on the microstructure evolution, D retention and nano-mechanical behaviour of W under synergistic irradiation effect of heavy ions and D plasma.

Abstract A non‐recurring incident often negatively affects traffic, which is represented as non‐recurrent congestion. However, travellers can usually perceive congestion without knowing the underlying reasons. Accordingly, this paper proposes a data‐driven framework for non‐recurrent congestion detection and interpretation analysis. First, a statistical algorithm named generalized extreme studentized deviate is introduced to detect non‐recurrent congestion by comparing the current traffic speed with the speed threshold learned from historical data. The case study in Beijing shows that the proposed generalized extreme studentized deviate outperforms other prevailing algorithms in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and mean detection time. Second, data mining and natural language processing technologies are implemented on data collected from Sina Weibo, a Chinese microblog site akin to Twitter, to classify non‐recurring incidents that may be associated with non‐recurrent congestion, including traffic accident, road construction, concert, special sport (marathon), and commercial activity. Results show that overall classification accuracy reaches 95%. Finally, the association relationship between the detected non‐recurrent congestions and incidents is established via spatiotemporal information matching. This information matching provides a bidirectional verification. On the one hand, nearly 58% of non‐recurrent congestion can be explained by incident‐related (IR) microblogs. On the other hand, an average of 62% of IR microblogs can be traced by nearby non‐recurrent congestions. This paper suggests that social media can be used as a secondary source and integrated with traffic data to enhance the understanding of non‐recurrent congestion.

IntroductionFeline obesity is common, afflicting ~25–40% of domestic cats. Obese cats are predisposed to many metabolic dyscrasias, such as insulin resistance, altered blood lipids, and feline hepatic lipidosis. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that mediates the fat-liver axis, and in humans and animals, FGF21 can ameliorate insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Activation of the FGF21 pathway may have therapeutic benefits for obese cats.MethodsIn this preliminary cross-sectional study, ad libitum fed, purpose-bred, male-neutered, 6-year-old, obese and overweight cats were administered either 10 mg/kg/day of an FGF21 mimetic (FGF21; n = 4) or saline (control; n = 3) for 14 days. Body weight, food, and water intake were quantified daily during and 2 weeks following treatment. Changes in metabolic and liver parameters, intrahepatic triglyceride content, liver elasticity, and gut microbiota were evaluated.ResultsTreatment with FGF21 resulted in significant weight loss (~5.93%) compared to control and a trend toward decreased intrahepatic triglyceride content. Cats treated with FGF21 had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase. No significant changes were noted in liver elasticity, serum, liver, or metabolic parameters, or gut microbiome composition.DiscussionIn obese and overweight cats, activation of the FGF21 pathway can safely induce weight loss with trends to improve liver lipid content. This exploratory study is the first to evaluate the FGF21 pathway in cats. Manipulation of the FGF21 pathway has promising potential as a therapeutic for feline obesity. Further studies are needed to see if FGF21-pathway manipulation can be therapeutic for feline hepatic lipidosis.

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is an effective approach for motion planning in autonomous vehicles that need to satisfy multiple driving demands. Within the realm of planner design, current strategies inadequately address the issues related to redundancy and conflicts among these diverse demands. This shortcoming leads to low efficiency and suboptimal performance, particularly when faced with a high volume of demands. In response to this challenge, this paper introduces the Hierarchical and Multi-Domain (HMD) strategy as a solution for designing a multi-objective NMPC planner. This strategy enables the dynamic adjustment of the integration method for demand indicators based on their priority. To evaluate the risk of breaching driving demands, several risk functions are established. The constraints and objective function of the planner are meticulously designed in accordance with the HMD strategy and evaluation functions. Simulation results attest to the advantages of the HMD-based planner, which, compared to planners based on traditional multi-objective (TMO) strategies, exhibits a 68.5% improvement in solution efficiency and the simultaneous enhancement of driving safety. Additionally, the HMD approach reduces the maximum jerk by 58.8%.

Multi-UAV cooperative path planning is a key technology to carry out multi-UAV tasks, and its research has important practical significance. A multi-UAV cooperative path is a combination of single-UAV paths, so the idea of problem decomposition is effective to deal with multi-UAV cooperative path planning. With this analysis, a multi-UAV cooperative path planning algorithm based on co-evolution optimization was proposed in this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the meaning of multi-UAV cooperative flight, the optimization model of multi-UAV cooperative path planning was given. Secondly, we designed the cost function of multiple UAVs with the penalty function method to deal with multiple constraints and designed two information-sharing strategies to deal with the combination path search between multiple UAVs. The two information-sharing strategies were called the optimal individual selection strategy and the mixed selection strategy. The new cooperative path planning algorithm was presented by combining the above designation and co-evolution algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to a rendezvous task in complex environments and compared with two evolutionary algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively cope with the multi-UAV cooperative path planning problem in complex environments.

Temperature is one of the critical factors that strongly affect the behavior of hydrogen isotopes in tungsten (W). This work investigates the effect of initial exposure temperature on the deuterium (D) retention and surface blistering in recrystallized W. D plasma exposure is started at 420 K and 600 K, respectively, and then changed to the same temperature of 520 K. For each temperature, the irradiation fluence is ∼ 1 × 1026 D m−2, and therefore the total fluence is ∼ 2 × 1026 D m−2 for each sample. A reference W sample was also exposed at 520 K with the same total fluence. Compared with the reference sample, it is found that the initial temperature of 420 K significantly inhibits the formation of intergranular blisters and leads to a reduction of intragranular blisters in size. Although the initial temperature of 600 K facilitates the formation of intergranular blisters, the intergranular blister size is reduced. This is possibly related to the relatively higher concentration of trapped D over a large depth range as revealed by the TMAP simulation results, leading to the fact that intergranular cracks are more prone to propagate along sloping grain boundaries. Thermal desorption spectra results show that the initial exposure temperature of 420 K and 600 K reduce D retention by a factor of ∼ 56 % and ∼ 34 %, respectively. It is considered to be connected with the blistering-induced defects and D transport in W, which are strongly affected by the initial exposure temperature. This work demonstrates that the initial exposure temperature plays a crucial role in D behavior in W, improving the understanding of the temperature effects of hydrogen isotopes behavior in W.