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本論文以Gulliver’s Travels晚清時期的中譯本《海外軒渠錄》（1906）為研究對象，探討譯者對原文諷刺手法的翻譯策略。Gulliver’s Travels 是西方諷刺（satire）文學經典之作，主要通過「敘事角色」（persona）以及「想像遊記」（imaginary voyage）的手法取得諷刺效果。晚清時期中西文學傳統殊異，想要在中文語境中再現原文的諷刺特點，並非易事。本論文通過具體的文本對比和分析發現，由於中國文學傳統以及晚清翻譯規範的影響，譯者在翻譯過程中改寫原文，因此《海外軒渠錄》未能體現Gulliver’s Travels的諷刺手法，而譯文也從一個側面展示出中西文學相互碰撞、對話的過程。本研究希望藉此個案，從文學表現以及文學交流的角度再論晚清小說翻譯。, This thesis examines one late Qing Chinese translation of Gulliver’s Travels in 1906, namely Haiwai Xuanqulu 海外軒渠錄. The study focuses on how the literary devices of satire employed in the original text were rendered into Chinese by the late Qing translators. These devices include a narrative "persona" and the "imaginary voyage" structure. It is a challenging task for the translator to fully render these literary techniques into Chinese in late Qing period when the Western and Chinese literatures were remarkably different. Through detailed text comparison and analysis, we find that, influenced by Chinese literature tradition and late Qing translation practice, the translators made changes in translation in a way that the original satirical effect was not retained in the translated work. The translation also reflects in some degree the clash and dialogue between Western and Chinese literatures. This thesis aims to explore late Qing fiction translation from the perspective of literary transmission., Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 季凌婕., Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-93)., s also in Chinese., Ji Lingjie., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115936, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

本文以1860至1911年間外國旅華攝影師在中國的攝影作品為研究對象，致力於討論中國「舊照活化」文化現象中同一批照片在19世紀末20世紀初的西方與20世紀90年代以降的當代中國這兩個不同的社會語境和時段中的具體運用方式，以考察照片、歷史敘述、民族國家政治意識形態之間的關係，試圖在「雙時軌」的對比結構中為晚清攝影研究打開新的探討空間。, 論文主體部分圍繞著「國家」、「民族」和「革命」這三個當代晚清攝影運用中的關鍵概念展開，分析攝影作品內部的話語變化，以及與這種變化息息相關的「主體性」與文化政治問題。第二章以晚清旅華攝影師代表約翰·湯姆遜的中國成像為討論對象，在比較1874年在英國出版、湯姆遜自主編纂的附圖遊記《中國與中國人影像》與2009年由中國官方出版界重新選編的《晚清碎影》的基礎上，具體呈現不同的主體在「想像晚清中國」和「呈現晚清中國」上的差別。第三章繞著當代晚清相冊中的「民族」選題而展開，探討「少數民族」與「中華民族」的表現方式及其缺陷。第四章著重討論「辛亥革命」在當代晚清相冊中的表現方法，以《壹玖壹壹：從鴉片戰爭到軍閥混戰的百年影像史》為例，分析照片集如何在一個通俗歷史的框架下處理「辛亥革命」這一歷史節點。在此基礎上，結論部分總結了舊照活化文化現象下「國家」與「歷史敘述」的同構關係，並以「視覺」為中心，分析了以攝影為材料的歷史敘述如何建構「民族-國家」視野下的身份認同。, The China’s early photographs have enjoyed a drastic revival of attentions in the recent decades. An important category of these photos are those taken by Westerners during the late Qing China. This thesis aims to investigate these subjects from a cultural historical perspective, the photos are thus considered as a form of representation instead of visual history materials, and a comparative approach was employed to discuss the complex relationship among photo image, imperialism, history narrating under the political structure of nation-state and China’s contemporary social reality., Photographs which were taken by the Westerners during the late Qing China emerged in the age of European capitalism and imperialist expansion. After the year 1860, China was defeated by the British-French Alliance in the Second Opium War and the Qing government was forced to open up to the treat and culture of the west. This change attracted Westerners of different occupations, including commercial photographers, explorers and journalists, to photograph various geographical and social aspects that are of their interests. The kinds of photographed subjects they chose and the kinds of commentaries they made vividly reflected how they understand China from the imperialism point of view., A hundred years later, these late Qing photos become an important part of the "old photo revival" wave raised in the 1990s China. Much different from the time when they were created, these photos were used as raw materials to construct the popular historiography of imperial China that fulfils the meta-historical definition of a Nation-State. This was achieved by the means of re-organizing photos in albums and exhibitions, and rewriting the original meanings and the contexts of specific photos based on the concept of "Nation", "State" and "Revolution"., In this thesis, I will focus on comparing the usages of these photos at the time they were produced and now in contemporary China, demonstrate the relationship between the visual representation and ideology by analyzing representative photographers’ works and representative albums. In Chapter Two, I discuss the photographs taken by John Thomson, who is representative of the traveler-photographer of his time, by comparing the album compiled by himself (Illustrations of China and Its People) in 1874 and the album reconstructed by China’s official publisher (Through The Lens of John Thomson, 1868-1872) in 2009. The differences between "imagining the late-Qing China" and "representing the late-Qing China" will be shown. Chapter Three is developed based on the subject of "Nation-Ethnic" as seen in the contemporary Late-Qing related albums. The ways of representing "Ethnic Minority" and "Chinese National" (Zhonghua minzu) as well as their drawbacks are discussed. Chapter Four probes into the representation of "Xinha Revolution" in the contemporary late-Qing album. Using Liu Heung Shing’s From The Opium War to The Warlord Eraas an example, the chapter analyses how such historical event is represented though album under the logic of historiography. Final chapter emphasize the connection between history narrating and the power structure, and concludes the relationship among photography-based historical narrative, visual powerand the "Nation-State" identity., Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 李瀟雨., Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-236)., s also in English., Li Xiaoyu., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6116160, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

本文以社會/society一詞的傳入及其影響爲例，來探討晚清中國「社會」話語的傳入過程、含義變遷及其影響。與一般觀念史或概念史研究所不同的是，本文尤其注意觀念與時代環境之間的關聯，並特別關注相關人物對詞彙的具體使用。, 本文緒論部分討論了新詞彙和新話語在研究中國近代史中的特殊作用、被稱作「觀念史」或「概念史」的理論來源，以及它們與以往思想史的區別與聯繫。結論部分則對全文作了回顧，並簡要介紹了「社會」一詞在民國後的用情況。除此之外，主體部分則可大致分爲兩個部分。第一部分包括前三章，主要討論society一詞的翻譯過程及「社會」話語的逐漸形成。筆者認為，society的翻譯可分爲三個階段：從19世紀早期到甲午中日戰爭前可稱爲第一階段，這一階段society一般被翻譯爲「會」或「國」。從甲午戰爭到戊戌政變爲第二階段，這一時間society多被譯爲「羣」。自戊戌政變後到1904年前後爲第三階段，這一階段，society逐漸被譯爲「社會」。當然，本文不僅描述了society分別被譯爲不同詞彙的過程，更重要的是要討論在使用不同詞彙之時所牽涉的思想與時代之間的關聯。, 本文後三章可稱爲第二部分。在這一部分，本文不僅繼續討論晚清「社會」一詞的使用方式，更重在討論「社會」話語的逐漸形成所帶來的人們認識和思維方式的變化。後三章分別討論了「社會」話語形成後晚清士人對中國「社會性質」的判定，倫理關係上個人─社會─國家關係的逐漸形成及其內涵，以及人們對「正當社會」的想像。, This thesis focuses on the import, change of meanings and the influence of the discourse of "society"(shehui) in late Qing China. Different from ordinary "history of concepts" or "history of ideas", it pays attention especially to the mutual influence between ideas and their social contexts, and also emphasizes the specific use of the word by intellectuals., The "Introduction" discusses the special function of new words and new discourses in modern Chinese history, the theory basis of the so claimed "history of concepts" and "history of ideas" and the relation between the "history of ideas" and traditional intellectual history. The "Conclution" part looks back to the whole theis and introduces briefly the uses of "society"(shehui) in the republic era. Besides these, the thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part includes three chapters, which mainly discuss the translation of "society" and the gradual formation of the discourse of "society". As claimed by the author, the translation of society can be divided into three periods. The first period lasts from early nineteenth century to the Sino-Japanese war, during which "society" was mainly translated into "society"(hui) or "state"(guo). The second period is from the Sino-Japanese War to the Coup of 1898, during which society was mainly translated into "group/grouping"(qun). The third period is from the Coup of 1898 to the early twentieth century, around the year 1904, during which the discourse of "society"(shehui) has been gradually formed and accepted by the intellectuals, not all the intellectuals though., The second part of the thesis continues to discuss how the intellectuals in the last years of Qing dynasty talked about "society", with an emphasis on the influence of the new linguistic weapon. The three chapters explores respectively the evaluation of the nature of Chinese "society" by the intellectuals, the change of their ethic thoughts by the new "society" and their imagination of a just "society"., Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 承紅磊., Parallel title from added title page., Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-205)., s in English and Chinese., Cheng Honglei., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6116504, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

晚清時期，翻譯傳記風行一時，尤其是歐美英雄傳記，引發了廣泛的迴響，但是迄今未能受到學界充分關注。就今日的眼光來看，這些文本承載新內容，塑造新典範，傳播新思想，蘊含新情感，在文學史、史學史、思想史上均佔據舉足輕重的地位，不可等閒視之。本文就以晚清翻譯傳記爲研究對象，在梳理歷史脈絡與文本源流的基礎上，考察晚清譯者如何塑造新的英雄譜系，如何奠定新的英雄典範。與此同時，本文將探討晚清譯者如何創造性地轉化中國傳統與域外資源，如何重組不同的本土思想傳統，與域外資源對接，如何在傳統與反傳統之間徘徊。本文以翻譯傳記的影響力、原創性爲標準，選取最受矚目的歐美英雄哥倫布、加里波第、俾斯麥、納爾遜之傳記譯介展開論述，至於文本的來源，主要是《新民叢報》與廣智書局發行的梁啟超及其同人的作品、林萬里的翻譯傳記與《圖畫日報》的改編版本。, 本文主體包括五章。第一章從宏觀的角度考察晚清翻譯傳記的源流，通過大規模的原始資料發掘與源文本考據，從翻譯傳記出版形態、英雄譜系兩個角度加以梳理，證明晚清知識分子融合本土趣味與明治日本的影響，建構出晚清的近世歐美英雄譜。第二章至五章爲個案研究，代表了梁啟超塑造、影響英雄傳記譯介的四種模式，也反映了晚清譯者調動不同本土傳統，與域外思想對話的四種路向。第二章首先選取晚清哥倫布評傳展開分析，展示傳教士的知識論述與梁啟超的公德論述對於翻譯傳記的影響。相對而言，後者佔據更重要的位置，梁啟超轉化明治日本思想，創造「進取冒險」等觀念，林萬里與《圖畫日報》藉以塑造哥倫布形象。與此同時，他們也依據各自的立場，援引儒家倫理等思想資源，建構出公私兼顧的英雄典範。第三章關注的英雄是加里波第，展現俠論述在晚清的流變。本章的探討從康有爲、梁啟超戊戌年間的尚俠論述開始，延伸到梁啟超的加里波第傳記，以及受其影響的廣智書局同人、林萬里、《圖畫日報》等譯本，也涉及其夫人馬尼他之傳記。本章會著重關注譯者如何塑造大俠的事功、人格與感情，顯示俠論述、儒家論述與國族論述的衝突與合流。第四章的主角是俾斯麥，他重權術、不擇手段追求事功的行爲方式，與儒家傳統格格不入。本章考察晚清評傳譯者如何調動國族論述與諸子學等新舊思想觀念，爲俾斯麥辯護，將其塑造爲英雄，從而衝擊了儒家傳統。第五章研究的是納爾遜評傳。梁啟超在政論文中取法明治日本，借用「名譽心」、「進取冒險」等概念定義納爾遜形象。後來的林萬里等譯者延續梁啟超的思路又與之對話，引入儒家學說，重塑「名譽」、「勇」等觀念，調整事功與道德的關係。不僅如此，他們還帶入通俗文學與「情」論述，渲染納爾遜的兒女情，從而融合了傳記書寫與抒情傳統。, Late Qing Period witnessed an unprecedented boom of translated biographies, especially those focusing on Western heroes, but till now most texts have not received sustained critical attention from scholars in Chinese studies. From today’s point of view, those translated biographies not only portray new heroes, but also disseminate new ideas and new structure of feeling, which necessitate a thorough and in-depth research. My dissertation, based on a full-scale survey of the above-mentioned translated biographies, attempts to explore how late Qing intellectuals appropriated and recast foreign texts, images of Western heroes and alien ideas, and how they transformed traditional Chinese hero models by integrating a wide range of indigenous and foreign resources. I would like to focus on four groups of key texts by considering their impact, originality, and the influence of their originals: the biographies of Columbus, Garibaldi, Bismarck and Nelson translated or adapted by Liang Qichao, his anonymous colleagues, Lin Wanli and the journalist of an illustrated daily newspaper published in Shanghai., My dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter One examines the genealogy of Western heroes constructed by late Qing intellectuals. I will demonstrate that although Meiji Japanese biographies had a dominant influence, late Qing translators showed a strong autonomy when selecting texts for translation to meet their political and cultural concerns. From Chapter Two to Chapter Five, I will center on the biographies of four heroes, also representing four roles Liang Qichao played in shaping late Qing translated biographies, and four approaches of late Qing translators’ integration of indigenous and foreign thoughts. My cases studies begin with the translated biographies of Columbus, and my discussion will focus on the influence of the missionaries’ discourse of knowledge and Liang Qichao’s discourse of public morality (gongde) on the translated biographies. Special attention will be given to Liang Qichao’s construction of adventurous spirit (jinqu maoxian) on the basis of Meiji Japanese discourse. By appropriating Liang’s concept as well as Confucianism ideas, late Qing translators portrayed Columbus as an embodiment of public morality. Chapter Three pays attention to the translated biographies of Garibaldi. My analysis covers a wide range of texts from Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao’s early discourse on Chinese knight-errant (xia), Liang’s translated biographies of Garibaldi, to various derivative texts. This chapter will examine how late Qing translators revitalize and transform the Chinese minor tradition of knight-errant worship by assimilating Confucian discourse and nationalism discourse. Chapter Fours will give closer scrutiny to the translated biographies of Bismarck, a problematic figure whose use of diplomatic sleight of hand and political trickery contradicts Confucius’ moral doctrine. However, fascinated by his great achievement of German unification, late Qing translators all attempt to defend Bismarck by appropriating concepts of Pre-Qin Philosophers (zh, Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 崔文東., Parallel title from added title page., Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-249)., s also in English., Cui Wendong., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115624, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

陳芃欣., Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-133)., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., in Chinese and English., Chen Pengxin., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884254, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

聂利., "2010年9月"., "2010 nian 9 yue"., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112)., in Chinese and English., Nie Li., 前言 --- p.8, Chapter （一） --- 问题的提出:晚清礼仪之争 --- p.8, Chapter （二） --- 研究回顾和研究意义 --- p.12, Chapter （三） --- 研究方法和研究资料 --- p.19, Chapter 第一章 --- 西方传教士对祖先崇拜的态度 --- p.20, Chapter （一） --- 反对的立场 --- p.21, Chapter （二） --- 包容的立场 --- p.24, Chapter （三） --- 调和的立场 --- p.27, Chapter （四） --- 小结 --- p.30, Chapter 第二章 --- 中国基督徒和慕道者对祖先崇拜的态度 --- p.32, Chapter （一） --- 反对的立场 --- p.33, Chapter （二） --- 支持的立场 --- p.37, Chapter （三） --- 小结 --- p.40, Chapter 第三章 --- 论争中的圣经解释 --- p.49, Chapter （一） --- 拜独一神 --- p.49, Chapter （二） --- 孝敬父母 --- p.56, Chapter （三） --- 偶像 --- p.62, Chapter （四） --- 其它 --- p.73, Chapter （五） --- 小结 --- p.78, Chapter 第四章 --- 晚清礼仪之争与圣经 --- p.87, Chapter （一） --- 传教士和中国基督徒观点的异同 --- p.87, Chapter （二） --- 影响传教士立场的因素 --- p.89, Chapter （三） --- 影响中国基督徒立场的因素 --- p.97, Chapter （四） --- 圣经的作用 --- p.100, Chapter （五） --- 小结 --- p.101, 结论 --- p.104, 附录:传教士中英文名对照表 --- p.107, 参考书目 --- p.108, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894548, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)