2,187,272 results on '"WATER supply"'
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2. An online collection of maps and information on Water Supply Storage Programs provided by the Kansas Water Office, 2016-2017.
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- Groundwater Supply and demand Planning. Kansas, Water consumption Planning. Kansas, Water-supply Management. Kansas, Water-supply Storage Management. Kansas, Water-supply Marketing. Kansas, Water-supply Access control Kansas., Water conservation Kansas., Eau souterraine Offre et demande Planification. Kansas, Eau Consommation Planification. Kansas, Eau Approvisionnement Gestion. Kansas, Eau Approvisionnement Accès Contrôle Kansas., Eau Conservation Kansas., Water conservation., Water consumption Planning., Water-supply Management., Water-supply Marketing., Marais des Cygnes River Watershed (Kan.), Smoky Hill River Watershed (Colo. and Kan.), Verdigris River Watershed (Kan. and Okla.), Neosho River Watershed (Kan. and Okla.), Verdigris, Bassin de la (Kansas et Okl.), Neosho, Bassin de la (Kansas et Okl.), Kansas., United States Neosho River Watershed., United States Verdigris River Watershed.
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A set of 6 documents provided by Kansas Water Office with resources and information on Water Supply Storage Programs.
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- 2024
3. State of Kansas capacity development strategy for existing public water supply systems.
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- Municipal water supply Kansas., Drinking water Government policy Kansas., Water quality management Kansas., Water-supply, Rural Kansas., Water-supply Kansas., Water resources development Kansas., Eau Approvisionnement urbain Kansas., Eau potable Politique gouvernementale Kansas., Eau Qualité Gestion Kansas., Eau Approvisionnement rural Kansas., Eau Approvisionnement Kansas., Ressources en eau Exploitation Kansas., Drinking water Government policy., Municipal water supply., Water quality management., Water resources development., Water-supply., Water-supply, Rural., Kansas.
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"This document is a demonstration of how the State of Kansas, Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) plans to implement a strategy to assist existing public water systems in improving their technical, financial, and managerial (TFM) capabilities. This initiative is a requirement imposed by the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) on all states that wish to receive full funding from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for their drinking water revolving loan programs. Section 1420 of the SDWA specifies five elements that a state must consider when preparing a strategy for helping existing public water systems to improve their TFM capacity." (From orginal 2000 report)., "On June 3, 2014, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) convened the Capacity Development Stakeholder Group to review past Program activities and achievements, and to solicit advice on AWOP and DWPP development and implementation. Members of the Stakeholder Group in attendance included: Kansas Municipal Utilities, Wichita State University/Environmental Finance Center, Kanas Rural Water Association, League of Kansas Municipalities, Kanas Water Office, Ranson Financial Consultants LLC, USDA/Rural Development, KDHE Operator Certification Program, KDHE Revolving Loan Program, and KDHE Watershed Management Section. An overview of each program was provided and the group supported adding them to the Strategy." (from 2015 Amendment 2 document).
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- 2024
4. Streamlines : a newsletter for North Carolina Water Supply Watershed Administrators.
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- Water-supply Periodicals., Watershed management Periodicals., Water-supply Periodicals. North Carolina, Watershed management Periodicals. North Carolina, Water-supply., Watershed management., North Carolina.
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Informational newsletter for local water supply watershed administrators, planners, land developers, and citizens interested in the protection of North Carolina's water supplies.
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- 2024
5. Two-year Monitoring of Microbiological Water Quality in Small Water Supply Systems: Implications for Microbial Risk Management
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Zeng, Jie, Nakanishi, Tomohiro, and Itoh, Sadahiko
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- 2024
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6. Reservoir Risk Operation of 'Domestic-Production-Ecology' Water Supply Based on Runoff Forecast Uncertainty
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Bai, Tao, Feng, Qianglong, Liu, Dong, and Ju, Chi
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- 2024
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7. Optimizing Control of Secondary Water Supply Tanks for Demand Peak Staggering
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Wang, Jian, Deng, Bangwu, Jiang, Shuai, Deng, Zhuozhi, Wang, Wei, Chen, Guowei, and Liu, Li
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- 2024
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8. The Impact of Public Participation Through Invited and Invented Spaces on Water Supply in Urban Informal Settlements
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Ntwana, Bukiwe and Naidoo, Vinothan
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- 2024
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9. Double Assessment of Dam Sites for Sustainable Hydrological Management Using GIS-Fuzzy Logic and ANFIS: Halabja Water Supply Project Case Study
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Mustafa, Nawbahar Faraj, Aziz, Shvan Fars, Ibrahim, Hekmat Mustafa, Abdulrahman, Kawa Zaidan, Abdalla, Jutyar Tofiq, and Ahmad, Yousif Aziz
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- 2024
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10. Meta ensemble learning in geospatial sentiment analysis and community survey mapping: a water supply case study
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Vahidnia, Mohammad H.
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- 2024
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11. Fresno Operations Field Branch ... water supply.
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- Water-supply Periodicals. California San Joaquin Valley, Eau Périodiques. Approvisionnement Californie San Joaquin, Vallée du, Water-supply, California San Joaquin Valley
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- 2024
12. Cape town residents' willingness to pay for a secure and 'green' water supply
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Turpie, J K and Letley, G K
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- 2023
13. Water Supply Systems in Nepal: How to build better, more sustainable services: Part two
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Adhikari, Anjil, Dangol, Biju, Thapa, Bijay, Panta, Susma, and Magar, Man Bahadur Dhanha
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Governance and citizenship ,Resilience ,Water, sanitation and hygiene - Abstract
This case study is the first update on Oxfam’s work on the sustainability of rural water supply systems in Nepal. Readers are advised to read the first paper on the topic from 2019: Water Supply Systems in Nepal., In this previous case study, Oxfam identified five key ‘levers’ that could potentially transform water supply schemes in Nepal’s Hills and Terai regions. This case study explains how these levers were implemented and the challenges faced during the process. The levers were implemented in Benighat Rorang Rural Municipality and Jwalamukhi Rural Municipality of Dhading, representing the case study in the Hills, and Haripur and Rajpur Municipalities of Sarlahi and Rautahat district, representing the case study in the Terai.
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- 2024
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14. 'Forever Chemicals' in Water Supply More Widespread Than Previously Thought.
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Roush K
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- Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, United States, Water Supply standards
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The compounds are associated with numerous health risks., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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15. To mix or not to mix? A holistic approach to stratification-preserving and destratification aeration of drinking-water supply reservoirs.
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Bryant LD, Brockbank N, and Austin D
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- Oxygen, Water Quality, Water Purification methods, Cyanobacteria, Lakes, Drinking Water, Water Supply
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Aeration is used globally as a remediation method for lakes and reservoirs with methods generally falling into two categories, those which preserve natural stratification (hypolimnetic aeration; HA) and those which destratify reservoirs through mixing of the water column (destratification aeration; DA). The United Kingdom and Australia largely focus on DA methods to manage harmful algal blooms and decrease trace metal concentrations, whereas the United States and Europe frequently focus on HA techniques to increase dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and decrease benthic nutrient and metal release from the sediment. A more holistic understanding of how the different techniques influence water quality in regard to raw water supply and ecosystem health should lead to more efficient treatment, reducing wasted energy and other costs during both reservoir management and the drinking-water treatment process. This study compares HA and DA on stratification, DO, and cyanobacteria concentrations in a single drinking-water supply reservoir during the 2016 summer stratification period. HA preserved stratification but could not maintain sufficient hypolimnetic DO past late April in this functionally eutrophic reservoir, establishing conditions favourable to cyanobacteria. An incipient cyanobacteria bloom formed that was subsequently dispersed after DA was initiated on May 05. Continuous monitoring revealed the formation of these issues in real-time and informed a switch from HA to DA, thereby allowing for a pro-active rather than reactive approach to reservoir management and subsequent drinking-water treatment. Both HA and DA are put forward as successful aeration strategies depending on management goals; however, performance is strongly site-specific. Such approaches are likely to become increasingly important as reservoir management tools to combat stratification-driven water quality issues under the pressing threats of anthropogenic activity and climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: David Austin reports financial support was provided by Jacobs Engineering Group. David Austin reports a relationship with Tampa Bay Water that includes: consulting or advisory. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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16. Comparison of Aedes aegypti arbovirus transmission thresholds in two communities with differing water supply infrastructure.
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Romero-Vivas CM, Potes D, Arango-Padilla PJ, Roa-García CE, and Falconar AK
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- Animals, Humans, Female, Mosquito Vectors, Arbovirus Infections transmission, Pupa, Dengue transmission, Mosquito Control methods, Colombia, Adult, Residence Characteristics statistics & numerical data, Aedes, Water Supply
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Background: To assess whether the 'economic boom' in the tropical seaport city of Barranquilla improved tapped water supplies to socio-economically poor neighbourhoods resulting in: (1) their reduced use for domestic water-storage in large (> 1,000-litre) custom-made cement tanks which are their principal Aedes aegypti breeding sites and (2) their pupae/person index (PPI) values to below their established 0.5-1.5 PPI arbovirus transmission-threshold value, compared to matched neighbourhoods in the: (a) pre-economic boom (2004) period in Barranquilla and (b) economically-neglected seaport city of Buenaventura., Methods: The simple, accurate and robust water surface sweep-net/calibration factor or total count methods were used to determine the total Ae. aegypti pupae numbers in greater or less than 20-litre water-holding container types located 'inside' or 'outside' these neighbourhood premises. The women residents also participated in questionnaire-based responses about their domestic water supplies, water-storage and maintenance and mosquito life stages and disease transmission knowledge, to subsequently plan appropriate resident education programmes. Microsoft Excel 8.0 with OpenEpi was used to determine the samples sizes and the statistical values., Results: Tapped water supplies to the three poor Barranquilla neighbourhoods were dramatically increased from 2004 to 2023 resulting in their residents significantly reducing their: (a) large cement water-storage tanks from 1 per 6.9 (2004) to 1 per 31.2 (2020) premises (z = 10.5: p = 0) and (b) PPI values to 0.16, 0.19 and 0.53 (mean: 0.29: 95% CI ± 0.4) in each study neighbourhood. In contrast, tapped water supplies remained inadequate in the Buenaventura neighborhoods, thereby resulting in their continued use of many large (> 1,000-litre) water-storage containers (Barranquilla: 1 per 31.2 and Buenaventura: 1 per 1.5 premises: z = - 9.26: p = 0), with unacceptably high 0.81, 0.88 and 0.99 PPI values in each study neighbourhood (mean 0.89: 95% CI ± 0.12)., Conclusions: Improved tapped water supplies resulted in reduced numbers of large custom-made stoneware water-containers, as are employed by poor residents throughout the world, as well as their Ae. aegypti PPI transmission threshold values which, together with appropriate residents' education programmes, are also urgently to reduce to prevent/reduce Ae. aegypti transmitted human diseases globally., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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17. Occurrence of biofilm forming Escherichia coli in drinking water supply system in Kathmandu.
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Gaihre S, Prajapati K, Dhungel S, Dawadi P, Joshi DR, and Joshi TP
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- Nepal, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Water Microbiology, Biofilms, Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli physiology, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Drinking Water microbiology, Water Supply
- Abstract
Biofilm development in gram negative bacterial contaminants in water supply systems is linked to persistence as well as antibiotic resistance, which threatens water quality and hence the public health. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genetic capacity of biofilm formation by Escherichia coli isolated from supply water with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Altogether fifty water samples collected from a city supply water distribution scheme in Kathmandu were analyzed to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality. Comparing Nepal's national drinking water quality standards 2022, conductivity (4%), turbidity (18%), iron (28%), and residual chlorine (8%) were found exceeding the values above the standards. Among total, 40% of water samples were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. E. coli and Citrobacter species were dominant and isolated from 20 (64.52%) and 11 (35.48%) water samples, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin (20%), nitrofurantoin (10%), and cefotaxime (10%). Citrobacter spp. (54.54%) were found multidrug resistant (MDR) while none of the isolates of E. coli were MDR. Of total, 45% of the isolates developed biofilm while testing with the Microtiter plate method. Biofilm-forming genes bcsA and csgD in E. coli isolates were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing specific primers. bcsA and csgD genes were detected in 55% and 45% of the isolates, respectively. This study confirms the occurrences of biofilm forming and antibiotic resistant bacteria like E. coli in the drinking water supply system in Kathmandu alarming its environmental circulation and possible public health threat. Although further study is warranted, this study suggests public health and drinking water treatment interventions to mitigate the biofilm forming antibiotic resistant potential pathogens from supply water in Kathmandu, Nepal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Forty percent of tested drinking water samples in Kathmandu were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. E. coli and half of Citrobacter spp. isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. bcsA and csgD genes were detected in biofilm producing E.coli isolates., (© 2024 Water Environment Federation.)
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- 2024
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18. Sediment analysis and water quality assessment in the Pixquiac basin: drinking water supply of Xalapa city (Veracruz, Mexico).
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Dupont MC, Martinez-Tavera E, Rodriguez-Espinosa PF, Hernandez-Ramirez AG, and Guadarrama Guzmán P
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- Mexico, Rivers chemistry, Metals, Heavy analysis, Metals analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Water Quality, Drinking Water chemistry, Water Supply
- Abstract
Fluvial sediment analysis and water quality assessment are useful to identify anthropic and natural sources of pollution in rivers. Currently, there is a lack of information about water quality in the Pixquiac basin (Veracruz state, Mexico), and this scarcity of data prevents authorities to take adequate measures to protect water resources. The basin is a crucial territory for Xalapa, the capital city of Veracruz state, as it gets 39% of its drinkable water from it. This research analyzed 10 physicochemical parameters and 12 metal concentrations in various rivers and sources during two seasons. Dissolved metals presented average concentrations (µg/L): Al (456.25) > Fe (199.4) > Mn (16.86) > Ba (13.8) > Zn (7.6) > Cu (1.03) > Pb (0.27) > As (0.12) > Ni (0.118) (Cd, Cr and Hg undetectable). Metals in sediment recorded average concentrations (ppm): Fe (38575) > Al (38425) > Mn (460) > Ba (206.2) > Zn (65.1) > Cr (29.8) > Ni (20.9) > Cu (16.4) > Pb (4.8) > As (2.1) (Cd and Hg undetectable). During the rainy season, Water Quality Index (WAWQI) classified stations P17 and P18's water as "unsuitable for drinking" with values of 110.4 and 117.6. Enrichment factor (EF) recorded a "moderate enrichment" of Pb in sediment in P24. Pollution was mainly explained by wastewater discharges in rivers but also because of erosion and rainfall events. Statistical analysis presented strong relationships between trace and major metals which could explain a common natural origin for metals in water and sediment: rock lixiviation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2024
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19. Improved water supply infrastructure to reduce acute diarrhoeal diseases and cholera in Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results and lessons learned from a pragmatic trial.
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Gallandat K, Macdougall A, Jeandron A, Mufitini Saidi J, Bashige Rumedeka B, Malembaka EB, Azman AS, Bompangue D, Cousens S, Allen E, and Cumming O
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- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Drinking Water microbiology, Incidence, Water Quality, Cholera prevention & control, Cholera epidemiology, Diarrhea prevention & control, Diarrhea epidemiology, Water Supply standards
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Background: Safely managed drinking water is critical to prevent diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera, but evidence on the effectiveness of piped water supply in reducing these diseases in low-income and complex emergency settings remains scarce., Methods: We conducted a trial of water supply infrastructure improvements in Uvira (DRC). Our primary objective was to estimate the relationship between a composite index of water service quality and the monthly number of suspected cholera cases admitted to treatment facilities and, as a secondary analysis, the number of cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests. Other exposures included the quantity of supplied water and service continuity. We used Poisson generalised linear models with generalised estimating equations to estimate incidence rate ratios., Findings: Associations between suspected cholera incidence and water service quality (RR 0·86, 95% CI 0·73-1·01), quantity (RR 0·80, 95% CI 0·62-1·02) and continuity (RR 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·86) were estimated. The magnitudes of the associations were similar between confirmed cholera incidence and water service quality (RR 0·84, 95% CI 0·73-0·97), quantity (RR 0·76, 95% CI 0·61-0·94) and continuity (RR 0·75, 95% CI 0·69-0·81). These results suggest that an additional 5 L/user/day or 1.2 hour per day of water production could reduce confirmed cholera by 24% (95% CI 6-39%) and 25% (95% CI 19-31%), respectively., Interpretation: Ensuring a sufficient and continuous piped water supply may substantially reduce the burden of endemic cholera and diarrhoeal diseases but evaluating this rigorously is challenging. Pragmatic strategies are needed for public health research on complex interventions in protracted emergency settings., Trial Registration: The trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02928341. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02928341., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Gallandat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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20. Digital Twin-Based Pump Station Dynamic Scheduling for Energy-Saving Optimization in Water Supply System
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Zhou, Sheng-Wen, Guo, Shun-Sheng, Xu, Wen-Xiang, Du, Bai-Gang, Liang, Jun-Yong, Wang, Lei, and Li, Yi-Bing
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- 2024
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21. Performance evaluation of existing water supply system: a case study
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Mishra, A. K., Sudarsan, J. S., Suribabu, C. R., and Nithiyanantham, S.
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- 2024
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22. Strategic Placement of In-line Turbines for Optimum Power Generation and Leakage Reduction in Water Supply Networks
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Jain, Priyanshu and Khare, Ruchi
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- 2024
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23. Optimizing water supply systems in developing regions: a sustainable approach using ESCO model system for urban water supply in Dehradun, India
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Paritosh Singh Rana, Ram Swaroop Uniyal, Krishana Pallava Chamola, and Ashish Kumar Srivastava
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Energy savings companies ,Non-revenue water ,Operations and maintenance ,Supervisory control and data acquisition ,Water supply ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract The critical importance of water makes it an indispensable natural resource. In context of urban infrastructure, particularly in the developing world, supplying water to urban households poses a notable challenge. Optimizing water supply systems (WSS) is one of the most arduous challenges in addressing this issue, primary contributors being energy and water losses during supply process. This paper focuses on the method adopted for minimizing losses in WSSs and creating a self-sustainable model for water supply in the urban settlement of Dehradun, India. The solution entails deployment of Energy Savings Companies (ESCO) service delivery model and the utilization of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. This approach, thus far has yielded saving in both revenue, energy and water consumption at source, potentially generating saving that would enable covering the operational and maintenance changes for the established system for around 10 years.
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- 2024
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24. Spatial Patterns of Water Supply and Use in California
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Helly, John, Cayan, Daniel, Stricklin, Jennifer, and Dehaan, Laurel
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California ,water supply ,water use ,infrastructure ,data ,cluster analysis ,principal components analysis ,hydrology ,sustainability - Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns of water supply and consumptive water use were analyzed from 475 Detailed Analysis Units by County (DAUCOs) spatial units across California during 2002 through 2016 to evaluate spatial and temporal variability and how it might associate with precipitation variability and other factors. Many, but not all, DAUCOs have relatively low total water supply variability compared to that of state-wide precipitation. Such low variability, in DAUCOs having sufficient diversity of water supply sources, is the result of switching between sources as needed to maintain a reliable total water supply. We used multiple approaches to explore these variations which involved four categories of water supply (local, groundwater, imported, and other) and two categories of water use (agricultural and urban). First, a cluster analysis of the volumetric water balance data identified a small set of clusters having similar magnitudes and proportions of water supply sources and water use—some of them composed of only a few DAUCOs but accounting for a disproportionate amount of the state’s water use. Second, a principal components analysis identified leading modes of anomalous water supply and water use among the 475 DAUCOs, capturing most of the time variation during 2002 to 2016. The most prominent mode exhibits a multi-year trend, most strongly involving increasing groundwater supply and agricultural water use, and decreasing urban water use and imported water supply. Over the study period, trends in both supply and use were pronounced, but differed considerably across California DAUCOs. One predominant subset of DAUCOs grew their agricultural water use with increased groundwater supply; in contrast to a widespread group of DAUCOs which reduced their urban water use. An important result for planners is our finding that variation in precipitation—itself important—is amplified by the human response to water supply availability and regulatory policy.
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- 2024
25. Quantifying the role of state and private forest lands in providing surface drinking water supply for the southern United States
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Liu, Ning
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Technical reports. ,Water-supply -- Southern States. ,Drinking water -- Southern States. ,Forest reserves -- Southern States. ,Forest influences -- Southern States. ,Hydrogeological modeling -- Southern States. - Published
- 2020
26. Checklist for maintaining a safe water supply.
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Poultry -- Water requirements -- United States. ,Water-supply -- United States. ,Water quality management -- United States. - Published
- 2020
27. Simulated water-table and pond-level responses to proposed public water-supply withdrawals in the Hyannis Ponds Wildlife Management Area, Barnstable, Massachusetts
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LeBlanc, Denis R.
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Water table -- Computer simulation. -- Massachusetts -- Barnstable ,Groundwater flow -- Computer simulation. -- Massachusetts -- Barnstable ,Water withdrawals -- Massachusetts -- Barnstable. ,Water-supply -- Massachusetts -- Barnstable. - Published
- 2019
28. Exploring the drinking water supply in Rwanda with panel data analysis.
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Mwitirehe J, Kipruto CW, and Ruranga C
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- Rwanda, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Water Purification methods, Data Analysis, Humans, Drinking Water analysis, Water Supply, Water Quality
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This study in Rwanda offers a comprehensive analysis of water quality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, departing from previous research by utilizing panel data analysis for a nuanced understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics. Unlike earlier studies focusing on specific aspects, this research adopts a holistic approach, examining factors crucial for water supply, quality, and cost, thus providing an integrated view of Rwanda's water sector. By analyzing data from various sources, including the Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC), the study evaluates the reliability, quality, and cost-effectiveness of drinking water. It identifies cost-effective water treatment plants and studies determinants such as production cost, raw water quality, and supply between 2017 and 2022, introducing novel metrics such as performance scores and a drinking water quality index. Despite an increase in lost water, WASAC notably improves water supply, resulting in a higher water access rate by 2022. The study highlights the influence of factors such as performance scores and raw water quality on water supply and quality. It emphasizes continuous monitoring, targeted interventions, and community engagement for sustainable water service delivery. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners, aiming to enhance water management strategies and improve water access in Rwanda., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no conflict., (© 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
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- 2024
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29. Optimizing water supply systems in developing regions: a sustainable approach using ESCO model system for urban water supply in Dehradun, India
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Rana, Paritosh Singh, Uniyal, Ram Swaroop, Chamola, Krishana Pallava, and Srivastava, Ashish Kumar
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- 2024
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30. Consumers’ perception of piped water supply and their willingness to pay for improved water supply: evidence from an Eastern Indian state
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Tapasi Mohanty and Himanshu Sekhar Rout
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consumers’ perceptions ,sustainability ,urban water utilities ,water quality and quantity ,water tariff ,willingness to pay ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 - Abstract
The objectives of the study are to analyse the perception of consumers on piped water supply, the consumers’ willingness to pay for improved water supply, and the factors that affect it. The sample unit is the consumer household of the public health divisions. The sample size is 181. A multistage random sampling procedure was adopted to choose the sample household. Descriptive statistics and structural equation models are used to analyse the data. This study found that consumer satisfaction is influenced by water supply quantity, pressure, timing, and visual aspects. The main factors causing interruptions include pipeline breakage, cyclone impact, summer water depletion, construction work, motor damage, and reservoir cleaning. Households are not well-informed about advance payment, its benefits, and the proper procedure for obtaining a receipt. Household income, education, satisfaction with water quality, the period of the service association, supply water price, and sufficiency of water during summer directly affect consumers’ willingness to pay. Discontent with appearance and taste affects quality dissatisfaction and indirectly willingness to pay. HIGHLIGHTS 83.7% of households stated that they were facing an interruption of the water service. The main factors causing interruptions include pipeline breakage, cyclone impact, summer water depletion, construction work, motor damage, and reservoir cleaning.; Household income, education, satisfaction with water quality, supply water price, and sufficiency of water during summer directly affect consumers’ willingness to pay.;
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- 2024
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31. Reviving the forgotten legacy: Strategies for reviving qanats as sustainable solutions for agricultural water supply in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Bahraseman SE, Firoozzare A, Zhang C, Yousefian N, Skominas R, Barati R, and Azadi H
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- Iran, Conservation of Water Resources, Conservation of Natural Resources, Water Resources, Desert Climate, Water Supply, Agriculture
- Abstract
In semi-arid and arid regions, qanats are a vital water source for agricultural needs. However, many communities are abandoning these traditional and sustainable water supply systems in favor of modern and more productive methods. Consequently, this research aimed to identify the most effective approaches for rejuvenating qanats in the dry and semi-arid areas of Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. To accomplish this goal, a comprehensive strategy was employed by merging the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT, Best-Worst Method (BWM), and the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS).Based on interviews with experts in water resources and SWOT analysis, 27 factors affecting the restoration of qanats were identified and weighted with BWM. The results of BWM-WASPAS highlight the crucial role of a holistic approach in reviving qanats. The study findings reveal that the highest scores were obtained by the strategies reforming water governance policies to prioritize sustainable indigenous water resources (SO1) and establish an independent institution for qanat restoration (WT7). Conversely, educational (ST1), informational (SO3), and research (WO4) strategies concerning the revival of qanats were categorized as intermediate priorities. Lastly, strategies associated with farm-level support policies were assigned lower priorities. Accordingly, it is recommended that policymakers in Mashhad give priority to macro-level and institutional policies concerning qanat restoration, considering the current state of indigenous water resources. Additionally, a continued emphasis on research policies and farm-level initiatives is advised., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2024
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32. Assessment of water supply to the east European arctic agglomeration from groundwater, taking into account their quality and health risks.
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Malov AI
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- Risk Assessment, Arctic Regions, Humans, Water Quality, Groundwater chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Water Supply
- Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the possibilities of using groundwater for water supply in the East European Arctic agglomeration based on an assessment of their quality and health risks. For this purpose, high-precision determinations of the complete macro- and microcomponent composition were carried out in sixty-six water samples taken from wells up to 180 m deep. It was found that in some samples the concentrations of Na+, Fe, B, Ba, Mn and U exceeded WHO standards. The least mineralized young waters are characterized by the processes of dissolution of carbonates with the transition of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr into water, and the processes of leaching of Fe and Mn by acidic swamp waters from near-surface sediments. Waters of high mineralization, enriched in Na+, Cl-, B, Mo, Cd, Pb, were formed as a result of the dissolution of aluminosilicate rocks over thousands of years and mixing with relics of ancient and modern marine transgressions. An assessment of the average Water Quality Index value of the studied aquifer showed that, in general, the water is of excellent quality. Non-carcinogenic risks were determined primarily by uranium concentrations. The average danger index values for this element for children were 1.22. In adults it was slightly lower and amounted to 0.83. Carcinogenic risks are associated primarily with arsenic concentrations. The average total carcinogenic risk associated with this element was 3.8.10
-5 , which is acceptable, but samples from two wells showed total carcinogenic risk values above 10-4 , which is in the high-risk area. For drinking purposes, it is preferable to use low-mineralized water with a minimum content of toxic elements. If necessary, preliminary aeration of the water is possible, during which precipitation of iron, arsenic and uranium occurs. Due to the typical nature of the problem under consideration for the Arctic regions, the results obtained can be used at other sites in the Subpolar zone., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Author have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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33. Comparative life cycle assessment of remote potable water supply for the Department of Defense.
- Author
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Boone C and Chini CM
- Subjects
- United States, United States Department of Defense, Water Supply, Drinking Water, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The Department of Defense (DOD) and other agencies, including relief organizations, require potable water for remote missions around the globe. As part of recent initiative by the U.S. Federal government through Executive Order 14057, the DOD has been instructed to investigate the sustainability of operations and practices within the context of climate change. One such practice that needs to be addressed is the procurement of potable water, an essential requirement of any remote mission or location. Currently, there are three primary means of procuring potable water at remote locations: bottled water, on-site purification, or tie-in to existing, local infrastructure. The first two operations are often considered the most secure options, but have sustainability concerns. The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impacts of bottled water procurement versus on-site treatment via a mobile Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU), which uses multiple levels of filtration to make potable water from a local source. A cradle-to-gate assessment was developed for both systems to compare different options for potable water supply. An in person inventory was paired with data taken from the Ecoinvent 3.8 database to directly compare the two systems. The two systems are compared on a 5-year timeline to analyze the environmental impact of repeated bottled water transport versus diesel generator-fueled on-site treatment. Across all impact categories, the results indicate that high energy costs of the reverse osmosis process have significantly less impact on the environment than the repetitive transport and procurement of bottled water. The results of the study have important implications for advancing sustainable operations for remote communities or temporary settlements., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Christopher Chini reports financial support was provided by Air Force Civil Engineer Center. Caleb Boone reports financial support was provided by Air Force Civil Engineer Center. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Vulnerability of drinking water supply and respondent’s perception on the quality of water supply in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
- Author
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Akram, Wasim and Kittipongvises, Suthirat
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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35. Microplastics contamination in water supply system and treatment processes.
- Author
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Cao ND, Vo DT, Pham MD, Nguyen VT, Nguyen TB, Le LT, Mukhtar H, Nguyen HV, Visvanathan C, and Bui XT
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring methods, Drinking Water chemistry, Plastics analysis, Microplastics analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Purification methods, Water Supply
- Abstract
Due to global demand, millions of tons of plastics have been widely consumed, resulting in the widespread entry of vast amounts of microplastic particles into the environment. The presence of microplastics (MPs) in water supplies, including bottled water, has undergone systematic review, assessing the potential impacts of MPs on humans through exposure assessment. The main challenges associated with current technologies lie in their ability to effectively treat and completely remove MPs from drinking and supply water. While the risks posed by MPs upon entering the human body have not yet been fully revealed, there is a predicted certainty of negative impacts. This review encompasses a range of current technologies, spanning from basic to advanced treatments and varying in scale. However, given the frequent detection of MPs in drinking and bottled water, it becomes imperative to implement comprehensive management strategies to address this issue effectively. Consequently, integrating current technologies with management options such as life-cycle assessment, circular economy principles, and machine learning is crucial to eliminating this pervasive problem., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Variation of total alpha and beta activities and Rn-222 concentrations in the water supply system of an Italian volcanic region: How safe is tap water for human consumption?
- Author
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Iannone A, Albanese S, Guarino A, Ambrosino M, Germano G, De Tullio G, and Cicchella D
- Subjects
- Italy, Humans, Risk Assessment, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Volcanic Eruptions, Water Supply, Drinking Water analysis
- Abstract
Total alpha and beta activities and Rn-222 concentrations were determined in water from different sections of seven aqueducts belonging to the water supply system of Campania region (Italy), known worldwide for its volcanism. Statistical analysis was performed on data to account for their variability across the aqueduct sections, and results were discussed considering the geology of reservoirs, the potential mixing processes occurring along the pipe network, the building/constituting materials of the aqueduct sections, and the integrity of the infrastructure. Guidelines proposed by Italian and international regulation entities were considered to determine if total alpha and beta activities and Rn-222 concentrations found at the taps of the different aqueducts should be considered detrimental to public health. Based on a deterministic and a stochastic approach, a health risk assessment was also tested for Rn-222, assuming direct ingestion and showering as potential exposure pathways. Results showed that applying guidelines returned an absence of hazard, whereas risk assessment returned a high probability of exposure to unacceptable Rn-222 doses for some aqueducts. Beyond the usefulness of obtained results to plan actions to improve the safety of drinking water in Campania, our outcomes represent a warning for bodies dealing with public health at any level: the use of guidelines can bring an underestimation of the risks exerted by the exposure to Rn-222 on human health. Further, using a probabilistic approach in risk assessment accounting for uncertainty can favor risk forecasts based on more "realistic" scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Why snow is crucial for water supply - and what will happen when it becomes scarce.
- Author
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Ryberg KR
- Subjects
- Seasons, Snow, Water Supply methods, Water Supply statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Tracking the changes of dissolved organic matter throughout the city water supply system with optical indices.
- Author
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Lin J, Yang L, Zhuang WE, Wang Y, Chen X, and Niu J
- Subjects
- Water Quality, Water Purification methods, Humic Substances analysis, Drinking Water chemistry, Drinking Water analysis, Carbon analysis, Water Supply
- Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important in determining the drinking water treatment and the supplied water quality. However, a comprehensive DOM study for the whole water supply system is lacking and the potential effects of secondary water supply are largely unknown. This was studied using dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Four fluorescent components were identified, including humic-like C1-C2, tryptophan-like C3, and tyrosine-like C4. In the drinking water treatment plants, the advanced treatment using ozone and biological activated carbon (O
3 -BAC) was more effective in removing DOC than the conventional process, with the removals of C1 and C3 improved by 17.7%-25.1% and 19.2%-27.0%. The absorption coefficient and C1-C4 correlated significantly with DOC in water treatments, suggesting that absorption and fluorescence could effectively track the changes in bulk DOM. DOM generally remained stable in each drinking water distribution system, suggesting the importance of the treated water quality in determining that of the corresponding network. The optical indices changed notably between distribution networks of different treatment plants, which enabled the identification of changing water sources. A comparison of DOM in the direct and secondary water supplies suggested limited impacts of secondary water supply, although the changes in organic carbon and absorption indices were detected in some locations. These results have implications for better understanding the changes of DOM in the whole water supply system to help ensure the supplied water quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The concept of estimating the risk of water losses in the water supply network.
- Author
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Tchórzewska-Cieślak B, Szpak D, Żywiec J, and Rożnowski M
- Subjects
- Risk Assessment, Drinking Water, Humans, Water Quality, Water Supply
- Abstract
One of the methods of increasing the availability of drinking water is to reduce water losses in existing water supply systems (WSS). The need to manage water losses in WSS is highlighted in the new Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. It was indicated that the main cause of water losses is underinvestment in the maintenance and renovation of network infrastructure. The new legal provisions require a risk assessment to be carried out in the water supply system, taking into account the risk of leaks. The paper presents the concept of estimating the risk of water losses in the water supply network using the three-parameter risk assessment method and risk maps. The framework of the water balance proposed by International Water Association (IWA) were also presented, including the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for assessment of the water supply system Leakage Performance Category (LPC). The analysis was carried out for a water supply system used by 200,000 inhabitants. The LPC of the system was determined based on the ILI index. Then the water supply network pipes that could potentially be a source of leaks were identified. The analysis of the risk of water losses for the examined pipes allowed to determine which pipes should be first chosen to reduce the risk of water losses, i.e. active search for leaks., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Water Supply Interruptions Are Associated with More Frequent Stressful Behaviors and Emotions but Mitigated by Predictability: A Multisite Study.
- Author
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Thomson P, Pearson AL, Kumpel E, Guzmán DB, Workman CL, Fuente D, Wutich A, and Stoler J
- Subjects
- Humans, Emotions, Family Characteristics, Water Insecurity, Water Supply
- Abstract
Water supply interruptions contribute to household water insecurity. Unpredictable interruptions may particularly exacerbate water insecurity, as uncertainty limits households' ability to optimize water collection and storage or to modify other coping behaviors. This study used regression models of survey data from 2873 households across 10 sites in 9 middle-income countries to assess whether water supply interruptions and the predictability of interruptions were related to composite indicators of stressful behaviors and emotional distress. More frequent water service interruptions were associated with more frequent emotional distress (β = 0.49, SE = 0.05, P < 0.001) and stressful behaviors (β = 0.39, SE = 0.06, P < 0.001). Among households that experienced interruptions, predictability mitigated these respective relationships by approximately 25 and 50%. Where the provision of continuous water supplies is challenged by climate change, population growth, and poor management, water service providers may be able to mitigate some psychosocial consequences of intermittency through scheduled intermittency and communication about water supply interruptions. Service providers unable to supply continuous water should optimize intermittent water delivery to reduce negative impacts on users, and global monitoring regimes should account for intermittency and predictability in post-2030 water service metrics to better reflect household water insecurity experiences.
- Published
- 2024
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41. Indicadores de la gestión del suministro de agua en zonas urbanas para evaluar su sostenibilidad.
- Author
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Mendoza-Gómez, Mayra, Tagle-Zamora, Daniel, Ricardo Caldera-Ortega, Alex, Mora-Rodríguez, Jesús, Carreño-Aguilera, Gilberto, and Delgado-Galván, Xiltlali
- Subjects
WATER management ,WATER supply management ,RIGHT to water ,MUNICIPAL water supply ,WATER utilities - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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42. Delineation of spatial extent, depth, thickness, and potential volume of aquifers used for domestic and public water-supply in the Central Valley, California
- Author
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Voss, Stefan, A.
- Subjects
Water-supply -- California -- Central Valley. ,Aquifers -- California -- Central Valley. ,Groundwater -- California -- Central Valley. ,Hydrogeological surveys -- California -- Central Valley. - Published
- 2019
43. Calibration of intermittent water supply systems hydraulic models under data scarcity
- Author
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Ane Leinæs, Kondwani Simukonda, and Raziyeh Farmani
- Subjects
calibration ,hydraulic modelling ,inequitable water distribution ,intermittent water supply systems ,leakage modelling ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 - Abstract
Intermittent water supply systems (IWSSs) are unable to meet customer demands due to water scarcity from the sources or due to economic or/and technical scarcity. Conversion to continuous water supply as a means of tackling IWSSs’ inherent problems of inequitable water distribution, limited water supply hours, high non-revenue water, system operation and maintenance costs, and poor water quality is essential for sustainable water supply. Modelling and optimisation techniques have been used to aid the conversion process, optimisation of the operation of these systems, and guiding leakage reduction actions. However, modelling IWSSs have several challenges. These include the lack of accepted existing modelling techniques that include leakage modelling and the lack of comprehensive methodology for calibrating IWSS hydraulic models under limited calibration data. This study proposes a methodology for calibrating IWSS hydraulic models that include leakage modelling. The proposed methodology involves distinct steps to mitigate the problem of data scarcity, it eliminates the trial-and-error procedure of determining the leakage emitters' coefficients by using optimisation and it presents an approach for estimating the lower and upper bounds of the emitters' coefficients. The methodology was applied to a case study in Zambia. The calibration procedure gave accurate results given the limitation of data. HIGHLIGHTS Development of a comprehensive calibration methodology for intermittent water supply system models that include leakage modelling.; A model calibration approach that selects leakage emitter exponent and coefficients automatically through optimisation.; An approach for setting the lower and upper bounds of the leakage emitter coefficients.;
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Technical and economic impact of water reuse as an integrated water resource management measure in rural water supply systems
- Author
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Irina Angelova, Dimiter Alitchkov, and Viden Radovanov
- Subjects
capital expenditure and operating expense ,grey water and light greywater ,integrated water resource management ,rainwater harvesting ,small scale water supply systems in rural areas ,water recycle and reuse ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 - Abstract
Water reuse becomes an alternative to reduce the demand in the conventional water supply systems, especially in regions, where non-potable use of drinking water, as for garden and grass irrigation, is predominant. This study evaluates the footprint of reuse on small water supply systems in rural areas, where raw water quality does not meet the drinking water standards and complicated treatment is needed. Individual facilities for reuse of potential rainwater, light gray, gray and domestic wastewater in the households could lead to a decrease in non-potable tap water use up to 60% and a decrease of households' annual expenses for water supply up to 93 €/household. The installation of individual facilities for common reuse of rainwater and gray wastewater requires the highest investment costs, but the option`s operational costs are between 15% and 20% lower than all other options considered. The Drinking Water Treatment Plant capacity reduction due to Integrated Water Resource Management measures implementation enables from 48% up to 58% saving in the total operational costs for drinking water supply in the settlement. The shortest payback period and best economic impact of reuse for small scale water supply systems is observed if rainwater and gray wastewater are reused together. HIGHLIGHTS Annual water balance of the households in selected pilot site.; Estimation of drinking water use reduction due to the implementation of selected integrated water resource management (IWRM) measures.; Impact of the selected IWRM measures on the settlement drinking water treatment plant capacity.; Payback period analysis of IWRM based on capital expenditure and operating expenses.;
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A novel robust evaluation approach to improve systematic behavior of failure safety in water supply system under various ellipsoid uncertainties
- Author
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Yuan, He, Mahdi, Moudi, Xueqian, Song, and Galoie, Majid
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Reduction of Helicobacter pylori cells in rural water supply using slow sand filtration.
- Author
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Leyton J, Fernández J, Acosta P, Quiroga A, and Codony F
- Subjects
- Sand, Colombia, Helicobacter pylori, Filtration methods, Drinking Water microbiology, Water Supply, Water Purification methods, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism that infects 60% of the population and is considered the main cause of atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Different emerging pathogens have been found in drinking water and their presence is considered to be an important public health problem. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out the validation of reliable technologies for this type of pathogens and evaluate their performance. This paper reports, for the first time, H. pylori reduction in a drinking water pilot plant of two slow sand filters (SSF). Inlet water was taken from a gravel filtration system of a rural water supply in Colombia and then inoculated with viable cells of H. pylori. By determining the Genomic Units (GU) through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), the concentration of GU/sample was measured. In the inlet water amplification for SSF1 and SSF2 were 5.13 × 10
2 ± 4.48 × 102 and 6.59 × 102 ± 7.32 × 102 , respectively, while for the treated water they were 7.0 ± 5.6 and 2.05 × 101 ± 2.9 × 101 GU/sample for SSF1 and SSF2, respectively. The SSF pilot plant reached up to 3 log reduction units of H. pylori; therefore, since there is not an H. pylori contamination indicator and its periodic monitoring is financially complicated, the SSF could guarantee the drinking water quality necessity that exists in rural areas and small municipalities in developing countries, where infection rates and prevalence of this pathogen are high., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Gastroenteritis Outbreaks after Contamination of Water Supply Systems: Public Health Response Gaps and Challenges, Greece, 2004-2023.
- Author
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Sideroglou T, Chrysostomou A, Politi L, Georgalis L, and Mellou K
- Subjects
- Greece epidemiology, Humans, Water Microbiology, Public Health, Drinking Water microbiology, Waterborne Diseases epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Water Supply
- Abstract
Background: waterborne disease outbreaks (WGDOs) following the contamination of drinking water remain a public health concern., Methods: The current study aims to assess the occurrence and identify gaps in the notification and investigation of WGDOs in Greece. Data for 2004-2023 were retrieved and summarized., Results: Thirty-five outbreaks with 6128 recorded cases were identified. The median time from the date of onset in the first cases to reporting was 7 days (range: 1-26 days). Authorities were informed by health care services in thirty (85.7%) outbreaks and by the media in five (14.3%). The investigation methods used varied. An analytical study was conducted in nine (25.7%) outbreaks and the testing of clinical samples in twenty-seven (77.1%). In three (11.1%) outbreaks, clinical samples were simultaneously tested for multiple bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Water samples were collected in nineteen (54.3%) outbreaks (in three after chlorination) with a mean time lag of 5 days (range: 1-20 days) from the first cases. A pathogen in clinical samples was identified in 20 (57.1%) outbreaks and, in 1 (6.25%), the same microorganism was isolated in both clinical and water samples., Conclusions: delays in reporting and the heterogeneity of investigations depict that the surveillance of WGDOs and response practices should be strengthened, and operational procedures should be standardised.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effects of wind-driven current and thermal dynamics in a temperate monomictic reservoir: Implications for manganese transport and treatment in water supply systems.
- Author
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Zhang F, Zhang H, Wang X, Stewart RA, Bertone E, Cinque K, Jin G, and Yuan S
- Subjects
- Water Purification methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Drinking Water chemistry, Manganese, Wind, Water Supply
- Abstract
Increasing manganese (Mn) concentrations in source water contribute to aesthetic and health-related concerns in drinking water. The challenges with Mn in drinking water primarily arise from elevated Mn concentrations in the water supply reservoir, with the inefficacy of Mn treatment largely attributed to fluctuating Mn levels in the water source. A three-dimensional Mn cycle model in a temperate monomictic reservoir, Tarago Reservoir, and a decision support system reflecting Mn variations in the local water treatment plant have been established in previous research. This study aimed to examine Mn variations from the reservoir to raw water and treated water under the influence of wind conditions during different stages of thermal structure, and discover valuable recommendations for Mn treatment in the local water supply system. We crafted 12 scenarios to scrutinize the impact of varying intensities of offshore and onshore winds on hydrodynamic processes and Mn transport during strong thermal stratification, weak thermal stratification, and turnover. The scenario analysis revealed that, during the gradual weakening of thermal stratification, offshore wind induced a substantial amount of Mn to the upper layers near the water intake point. Conversely, onshore wind hindered the upward transport of Mn. The simulated Mn in the raw water under the 12 scenarios indicated that the timing of turnover in the Tarago Reservoir is the primary concern for Mn treatment in the water treatment plant. Additionally, close attention should be given to the frequency and intensity of offshore winds during the weakening of thermal stratification., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A novel method for multi-pollutant monitoring in water supply systems using chemical machine vision.
- Author
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Yan J, Lee J, Liu L, Duan Q, Lei J, Fu Z, Zhou C, Wu W, and Wang F
- Subjects
- Water Quality, Arsenic analysis, Cadmium analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Drinking Water chemistry, Water Supply, Machine Learning
- Abstract
Drinking water is vital for human health and life, but detecting multiple contaminants in it is challenging. Traditional testing methods are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, lacking the ability to capture abrupt changes in water quality over brief intervals. This paper proposes a direct analysis and rapid detection method of three indicators of arsenic, cadmium, and selenium in complex drinking water systems by combining a novel long-path spectral imager with machine learning models. Our technique can obtain multiple parameters in about 1 s. The experiment involved setting up samples from various drinking water backgrounds and mixed groups, totaling 9360 injections. A raw visible light source ranging from 380 to 780 nm was utilized, uniformly dispersing light into the sample cell through a filter. The residual beam was captured by a high-definition camera, forming a distinctive spectrum. Three deep learning models-ResNet-50, SqueezeNet V1.1, and GoogLeNet Inception V1-were employed. Datasets were divided into training, validation, and test sets in a 6:2:2 ratio, and prediction performance across different datasets was assessed using the coefficient of determination and root mean square error. The experimental results show that a well-trained machine learning model can extract a lot of feature image information and quickly predict multi-dimensional drinking water indicators with almost no preprocessing. The model's prediction performance is stable under different background drinking water systems. The method is accurate, efficient, and real-time and can be widely used in actual water supply systems. This study can improve the efficiency of water quality monitoring and treatment in water supply systems, and the method's potential for environmental monitoring, food safety, industrial testing, and other fields can be further explored in the future., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Analysis of spatial pattern of water supply continuity in an Indian metropolis: a case study of Hyderabad.
- Author
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Bandari, Adithya and Sadhukhan, Shubhajit
- Subjects
- *
PROBABILITY density function , *WATER supply , *CITIES & towns , *POPULATION density , *METROPOLIS - Abstract
Water supply continuity is a crucial indicator of service efficiency. Multiple South Asian cities have Intermittent Water Supply (IWS). Water supply equity in cities depends on the spatial patterns of intermittency. The present study used Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to investigate the spatial pattern of water supply intermittency for 3071 localities of Hyderabad, India. Further, the relationship between population density and supply continuity has been examined in 146 wards of Hyderabad using Spatial Autocorrelation and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Spatial Autocorrelation defines two distinct clusters of central wards for high continuity (12 wards) and population density (19 wards). However, the ward clusters are different for continuity and density, with only three central wards (2.06% of all wards) being common in both the high-high clusters. The results highlight that the water supply continuity in Hyderabad has minimal consideration for population density, resulting in a spatially inequitable water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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