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163 results on '"Vass, Arpad"'

1. Bodies of evidence.

Author

Martindale, Diane

Subjects
*TIME of death, *FORENSIC sciences
Abstract

Reports on research being conducted at the University of Tennessee (UT) at Knoxville's Anthropological Research Facility, also known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Discussion of Arpad Vass and his students who use corpses to study how time and nature treat the human body; Details of death markers that indicate time since death (TSD); Description of the four states of decomposition; Voss' work to help solve homicide crimes. INSET: Shallow graves.

Published
2001

10. A miniature biochip system for detection of aerosolized Bacillus globigii spores

Author

Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N., Griffin, Guy D., Mobley, Joel, Vass, Arpad A., and Vo-Dinh, Tuan

Subjects
Biological assay -- Methods, Chemistry, Analytic -- Methods, Spores (Bacteria) -- Testing, Biological warfare, Biochips -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract

The feasibility of using a novel detection scheme for the analysis of biological warfare agents is demonstrated using Bacillus globigii spores, a surrogate species for Bacillus anthracis. In this paper, a sensitive and selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a novel fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate (dimethylacridinone phosphate) is combined with a compact biochip detection system, which includes a miniature diode laser for excitation. Detection of aerosolized spores was achieved by coupling the miniature system to a portable bioaerosol sampler, and the performance of the antibody-based recognition and enzyme amplification method was evaluated. The bioassay performance was found to be compatible with the air sampling device, and the enzymatic amplification was found to be an attractive amplification method for detection of low spore concentrations. The combined portable bioaerosol sampler and miniature biochip system detected 100 B. globigii spores, corresponding to 17 aerosolized spores/L of air. Moreover, the incorporation of the miniature diode laser with the self-contained biochip design allows for a compact system that is readily adaptable to field use. In addition, these studies have included investigations into the tradeoff between assay time and sensitivity.

Published
2003

13. ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2008 Annual Report

Author

McFarlane, Joanna, primary, de Almeida, Valmor, additional, Green, Johney, additional, Daw, Stuart, additional, Chakravarthy, Kalyan, additional, Lewis, Sam, additional, Sluder, Scott, additional, Steele, Bill, additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Reitz, Rolf, additional, Bell, Gary, additional, Battiste, Rick, additional, Dinwiddie, Ralph, additional, Sham, Sam, additional, Datskos, Panos, additional, Lavrik, Nickolay, additional, Smith, Barton, additional, Schwartz, Viviane, additional, Tsouris, Costas, additional, Daniel, Claus, additional, Tolbert, Leon, additional, Chinthavali, Madhu, additional, Ozpineci, Burak, additional, Li, Fran, additional, Kueck, John, additional, Starke, Michael, additional, Zhang, Hui, additional, Xu, Yan, additional, DePaoli, David, additional, Compere, Alicia, additional, Griffith, William, additional, Narula, Chaitanya, additional, Vass, Arpad, additional, Sanchez, Luis, additional, McDuffee, Joel, additional, Gehin, Jess, additional, Hobbs, Randy, additional, Ott, Larry, additional, Snead, Lance, additional, Spellman, Donald, additional, Heatherly, Dennis, additional, Ellis, Ronald, additional, Thoms, Kenneth, additional, Dai, Sheng, additional, Luo, Huimin, additional, Baker, Gary, additional, Toops, Todd, additional, Britton, C., additional, Alley, G., additional, Ericson, M., additional, Warmack, R., additional, Retterer, S., additional, Young, Glenn, additional, Srijanto, Bernadetta, additional, Duty, Chad, additional, Ott, Ron, additional, Boudreaux, Philip, additional, Sabau, Adrian, additional, Jellison, Gerald, additional, Maxey, Curt, additional, Leonard, Keith, additional, Das, Biswajit, additional, Urban, Volker, additional, Hong, Kunlun, additional, Britt, Phillip, additional, Mays, Jimmy, additional, Boeker, Alexander, additional, Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw, additional, Chialvo, Ariel, additional, Cole, David, additional, Simonson, Michael, additional, Goeringer, Douglas, additional, Van Berkel, Gary, additional, Kertesz, Vilmos, additional, Whitten, William, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Stocks, G., additional, Goyal, Amit, additional, Zhong, Jianxin, additional, Gao, Yanfei, additional, Borisevich, Albina, additional, Jonge, Niels, additional, Lupini, Andrew, additional, Pennycook, Stephen, additional, Veith, Gabriel, additional, Lee, Ho, additional, Chisholm, Matthew, additional, Singh, David, additional, Kalinin, Sergei, additional, Brown, Gilbert, additional, Ivanov, Ilia, additional, Jesse, Stephen, additional, Hoelzer, David, additional, Bentley, James, additional, Fu, Chong, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Chen, Xingqiu, additional, Wang, Xun-Li, additional, Hay, Benjamin, additional, Jackson, Jeremy, additional, Geohegan, David, additional, Rother, Gernot, additional, Maksymovych, Petro, additional, Meunier, Vincent, additional, Wendelken, J., additional, Zhang, Zhenyu, additional, Eres, Gyula, additional, Paranthaman, M., additional, Gu, Baohua, additional, Zhu, Wenguang, additional, Buchanan III, A., additional, Kidder, Michelle, additional, Dabestani, Reza, additional, Hagaman, Edward, additional, Pan, Minghu, additional, Ankner, John, additional, Dadmun, Mark, additional, Kilbey II, S., additional, Simpson, John, additional, Dudney, Nancy, additional, More, Karren, additional, Hagaman, Ed, additional, Shaw, Bob, additional, Jiang, De-en, additional, Payzant, Andrew, additional, Lara-Curzio, Edgar, additional, Collier, Charles, additional, Jung, Seung-Yong, additional, Retterer, Scott, additional, Hu, Zhiyu, additional, Buckner, Mark, additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Vann, Michael, additional, Rao, Nageswara, additional, MacIntryre, Lawrence, additional, Bobrek, Miljko, additional, Huey, Benjamin, additional, Bouldin, Donald, additional, Qualls, A., additional, Sumpter, B., additional, Labinov, S., additional, Neal, John, additional, Boatner, Lynn, additional, Rajic, Slobodan, additional, Shankar, Mallikarjun, additional, Jiao, Yu, additional, Kerekes, Ryan, additional, Lusk, Rick, additional, Potok, Thomas, additional, Rhyne, Timothy, additional, Protopopescu, Vladimir, additional, Heller, William, additional, Mo, Yiming, additional, Myles, Dean, additional, Smith, Greg, additional, Mamontov, Eugene, additional, Cummings, Peter, additional, Herwig, Kenneth, additional, Santodonato, Louis, additional, Ankner, J., additional, Mays, J., additional, Messman, J., additional, Myles, D., additional, Lokitz, B., additional, Liang, Liyuan, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Johs, Alex, additional, O’Neill, Hugh, additional, Snell, Edward, additional, Tulk, Chris, additional, Dos Santos, Antonio, additional, Molaison, Jamie, additional, Chakoumakos, Bryan, additional, Horita, Juske, additional, Cole, Dave, additional, Welton, Robert, additional, Baity, F., additional, Goulding, Richard, additional, Christianson, Andrew, additional, Baker, Sheila, additional, Lumsden, Mark, additional, Nagler, Stephen, additional, Sales, Brian, additional, Schulthess, Thomas, additional, McManamy, Thomas, additional, Crawford, Roy, additional, Ferguson, Phillip, additional, Janney, James, additional, Rennich, Mark, additional, Coates, Leighton, additional, Meilleur, Flora, additional, Fishman, Randy, additional, Robertson, Lee, additional, Shen, Jian, additional, Chen, Wei-Ren, additional, Smith, Gregory, additional, Goddard, William, additional, Liu, Yi, additional, Liu, Yun, additional, Porcar, Lionel, additional, Agarwal, Pratul, additional, Michaud III, Edward, additional, Foster, Carmen, additional, Keller, Martin, additional, Yang, Zamin, additional, Venkateswaran, Amudhan, additional, Podar, Mircea, additional, Schadt, Christopher, additional, Brown, Steven, additional, Yang, Shihui, additional, Tschaplinski, Timothy, additional, Pelletier, Dale, additional, Hurst, Gregory, additional, Yang, Yunfeng, additional, Kalluri, Udaya, additional, McKnight, Timothy, additional, Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer, additional, Lankford, Patricia, additional, Jawdy, Sara, additional, Borole, A., additional, Palumbo, Anthony, additional, Ericson, Nance, additional, Smith, Jeremy, additional, Chesler, Elissa, additional, Dale, Virginia, additional, Baskaran, Latha, additional, Bhaduri, Budhendra, additional, Graham, Robin, additional, Middleton, Richard, additional, Mulholland, Patrick, additional, Parish, Esther, additional, Sorokine, Alexandre, additional, Wolfe, Amy, additional, Wilbanks, Thomas, additional, Ganguly, Auroop, additional, King, Anthony, additional, Erickson, David, additional, Kline, Keith, additional, Wright, Sherry, additional, Castro-Gonzalez, Hector, additional, De Graaff, Marie, additional, Garten III, Charles, additional, Classen, Aimee, additional, Hanson, Paul, additional, Wullschleger, Stan, additional, Norby, Richard, additional, Childs, Kenneth, additional, Thomas, Warren, additional, Voy, Brynn, additional, Datar, Ram, additional, Storaasli, Olaf, additional, Apra, Edoardo, additional, Bernholc, Jerzy, additional, Harrison, Robert, additional, Shelton, William, additional, Sumpter, Bobby, additional, Vazhkudai, Sudharshan, additional, Cobb, John, additional, Ma, Xiaosong, additional, Scott, Stephen, additional, Ong, Hong, additional, Engelmann, Christian, additional, Vallee, Geoffroy, additional, Kendall, Ricky, additional, Brightwell, Ron, additional, Maccabe, Barney, additional, Schulthess, T., additional, Eisenbach, M., additional, Nicholson, D., additional, Tao, X., additional, Zhou, C., additional, Levesque, J., additional, Gorin, Andrey, additional, Ahmad, Nabeela, additional, Bordner, Andrew, additional, Gu, Jessie, additional, Kora, Guruprasad, additional, Pan, Chongle, additional, Park, Byung-Hoon, additional, Samatova, Nagiza, additional, Tao, Xiuping, additional, Uberbacher, Edward, additional, Perumalla, Kalyan, additional, Seal, Sudip, additional, Vetter, Jeffrey, additional, Yoginath, Srikanth, additional, Simunovic, Srdjan, additional, Nukala, Phani, additional, Clarno, Kevin, additional, Gauld, Ian, additional, Besmann, Theodore, additional, Weber, Charles, additional, Grice, Warren, additional, Bennink, Ryan, additional, Evans, Philip, additional, Humble, Travis, additional, Bernholdt, David, additional, Barrett, Richard, additional, Elwasif, Wael, additional, Shet, Aniruddha, additional, Drake, John, additional, White III, J., additional, Archibald, R., additional, Drake, J., additional, Evans, K., additional, Kothe, D., additional, Worley, P., additional, Kohl, Jim, additional, Lepro, Doug, additional, Neergaard, Dude, additional, Maier, Thomas, additional, Alvarez, Gonzalo, additional, Meredith, Jeremy, additional, Summers, Michael, additional, Bannister, Mark, additional, Hettich, Robert, additional, Vane, Charles, additional, Havener, Charles, additional, Krause, Herbert, additional, Fogle, Jr., Michael, additional, Schultz, David, additional, Continetti, Robert, additional, Larsson, Mats, additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Doktycz, Mitchel, additional, Allison, David, additional, Thundat, Thomas, additional, Rey, Christopher, additional, Borole, Abhijeet, additional, Passian, Ali, additional, Wang, Yisong, additional, Liu, Yie, additional, Lin, Henry, additional, Evans, Boyd, additional, Zheng, Siyang, additional, Fowlkes, Jason, additional, Rack, Philip, additional, Lee, James, additional, Evans, Barbara, additional, Reilly, Peter, additional, Greenbaum, Elias, additional, McLain, Sylvia, additional, Baker, David, additional, Liang, Chengdu, additional, Howe, Jane, additional, Xu, Jun, additional, Custelcean, Radu, additional, Overbury, Steve, additional, Cohen, Seth, additional, Ward, Richard, additional, Kruse, Kara, additional, Nutaro, James, additional, Beckerman, Barbara, additional, Grandas, Oscar, additional, Cui, Xiaohui, additional, Radhakrishnan, B., additional, Zhang, X.-G., additional, Li, An-Ping, additional, Kulkarni, N., additional, Mahurin, Shannon, additional, Cheng, Meng-Dawn, additional, Gossage, David, additional, Wilson, Bruce, additional, Yin, T., additional, Gunter, L., additional, Littrell, Ken, additional, Bilheux, Hassina, additional, Bjornstad, D., additional, Wolfe, A., additional, Warren, Jeff, additional, Bigelow, Timothy, additional, Caughman, John, additional, McKeever, John, additional, Ryan, Philip, additional, Scudiere, Matthew, additional, Alley, Gary, additional, Kulkarni, Nagraj, additional, Wang, Hsin, additional, Meyer, Harry, additional, Radhakrishnan, Bala, additional, Nicholson, Don, additional, Todd, Peter, additional, Tobin, Kenneth, additional, Paquit, Vincent, additional, Price, Jeffery, additional, Jansen, John, additional, Love, Lonnie, additional, Lloyd, Peter, additional, Mann, Christopher, additional, Bingham, Philip, additional, Biggerstaff, John, additional, Zemel, Michael, additional, D’Urso, Brian, additional, Lind, Randy, additional, Baba, Justin, additional, Lee, Seung, additional, Rajic, S., additional, Datskos, P., additional, Reboredo, Fernando, additional, Sun, Chengjun, additional, Zhang, Xiaoguang, additional, Mandrus, David, additional, Narula, C., additional, Moses-DeBusk, M., additional, Buchanan, A., additional, Hsueh, C., additional, Becher, P., additional, Liu, C., additional, Wang, John, additional, Dahotre, Narendra, additional, Kim, Seokho, additional, Blau, Peter, additional, Pawel, Steve, additional, Christen, Hans, additional, Schneibel, Joachim, additional, Brady, Michael, additional, Tiegs, Terry, additional, Vitek, John, additional, Horton, J., additional, Liu, Ken, additional, Naus, Dan, additional, Wright, I., additional, Snead, Lance., additional, Byun, Thak, additional, Miller, Roger, additional, Bischoff, B., additional, Adcock, K., additional, Ohriner, Evan, additional, Erdmann III, Donald, additional, Seal, Katyayani, additional, Haynes, James, additional, Pint, Bruce, additional, Dai, Pengcheng, additional, Gai, Zheng, additional, Yin, Lifeng, additional, Melnichenko, Y., additional, Wignall, G., additional, Cole, D., additional, Radlinski, A., additional, Mastalerz, M., additional, Alexander, C., additional, Smithwick, R., additional, Lewis, L., additional, Boatner, L., additional, Ferrada, Juan, additional, Collins, Jack, additional, Dole, Les, additional, Forsberg, Charles, additional, Haire, M., additional, Hunt, Rodney, additional, Lewis, Ben, additional, Wymer, Ray, additional, Ladd-Lively, Jennifer, additional, Hu, Michael, additional, Shao, Lei, additional, Akkurt, Hatice, additional, Eckerman, Keith, additional, Lee, Ida, additional, Yiacoumi, Sotira, additional, Hollenbach, Daniel, additional, Dean, D., additional, Ramsey-Musolf, M., additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Lingerfelt, Eric, additional, Buckner, Kim, additional, and Nesaraja, Caroline, additional

Published
2009
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15. Pinpointing the time of death

Author

KOUCKY, SHERRI and MRAZ, STEPHEN

Subjects
Business, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Metals, metalworking and machinery industries, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Abstract

Researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee are studying time-dependent chemical and biological markers to better understand how human cadavers decay. 'Our ultimate goal would [...]

Published
2000

17. Bacterial Communities Associated with Human Decomposition

Author

Vass, Arpad, Horswell, Jacqui, Chambers, Geoffrey, Parkinson, Rachel, Vass, Arpad, Horswell, Jacqui, Chambers, Geoffrey, and Parkinson, Rachel

Abstract

Human decomposition is a little-understood process with even less currently known about the microbiology involved. The aim of this research was to investigate the bacterial community associated with exposed decomposing mammalian carcasses on soil and to determine whether changes in this community could potentially be used to determine time since death in forensic investigations. A variety of soil chemistry and molecular biology methods, including molecular profiling tools T-RFLP and DGGE were used to explore how and when bacterial communities change during the course of a decomposition event. General bacterial populations and more specific bacterial groups were examined. Decomposition was shown to cause significant and sequential changes in the bacterial communities within the soil, and changes in the bacterial community often correlated with visual changes in the stage of decomposition. Organisms derived from the cadavers and carcasses were able to be detected, using molecular methods, in the underlying soil throughout the decomposition period studied. There was little correlation found between decomposition stage and the presence and diversity within the specific bacterial groups investigated. Organisms contributing to the changes seen in the bacterial communities using molecular profiling methods were identified using a cloning and sequencing based technique and included soil and environment-derived bacteria, as well as carcass or cadaver-derived organisms. This research demonstrated that pig (Sus scrofa) carcass and human cadaver decomposition result in similar bacterial community changes in soil, confirming that pig carcasses are a good model for studying the microbiology of human decomposition. The inability to control for differences between donated human cadavers made understanding the human cadaver results difficult, whereas pig carcass study allowed many variables to be held constant while others were investigated. The information gained from this study ab

Published
2009

22. Miniature biochip system for bioenvironmental applications

Author

Wabuyele, Musundi B., primary, Yan, Fei, additional, Martin, M. E., additional, Griffin, Guy D., additional, Stokes, David L., additional, Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N., additional, Mobley, Joel, additional, Vass, Arpad A., additional, and Vo-Dinh, Tuan, additional

Published
2004
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24. Decompositional Odor Analysis Database

Author

Vass, Arpad A., primary, Smith, Rob R., additional, Thompson, Cyril V., additional, Burnett, Michael N., additional, Wolf, Dennis A., additional, Synstelien, Jennifer A., additional, Dulgerian, Nishan, additional, and Eckenrode, Brian A., additional

Published
2004
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27. Antiproliferative action of valorphin in cell cultures

Author

Blishchenko, Elena, primary, Sazonova, Olga, additional, Surovoy, Andrei, additional, Khaidukov, Sergei, additional, Sheikine, Yury, additional, Sokolov, Dmitry, additional, Freidlin, Irina, additional, Philippova, Marina, additional, Vass, Arpad, additional, Karelin, Andrei, additional, and Ivanov, Vadim, additional

Published
2002
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29. Endogenous fragment of hemoglobin, neokyotorphin, as cell growth factor

Author

Blishchenko, Elena Yu., primary, Kalinina, Olga A., additional, Sazonova, Olga V., additional, Khaidukov, Sergei V., additional, Egorova, Natalya S., additional, Surovoy, Andrei Yu., additional, Philippova, Marina M., additional, Vass, Arpad A., additional, Karelin, Andrei A., additional, and Ivanov, Vadim T., additional

Published
2001
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37. Where Dead Men Really Do Tell Tales.

Author

Service, Robert F.

Subjects
*FORENSIC sciences
Abstract

Provides information on the Anthropological Research Facility of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, founded by forensic scientist William Bass. Description of the facility; Ongoing projects of the facility; Methods of dating remains; Comments from Arpad Vass, a chemist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee.

Published
2000
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38. New Science for the Murder Victim Search.

Author

Sachs, Jessica Snyder

Subjects
*TIME of death, *MURDER victims, *FORENSIC anthropology
Abstract

Reports on the research conducted by forensic anthropologist and research chemist Arpad Vass in Knoxville, Tennessee, to help police determine the time of death of a murder victim. Techniques for estimating time of death proposed by Vass; Benefits of possible technologies employing cantilever nanotechnology for finding graves.

Published
2003

39. Applying Canine Detection in Support of Collaborative Archaeology.

Author

Grebenkemper, John, Morris, Adela, Byrd, Brian F., and Engbring, Laurel

Subjects
NATIVE Americans, CONSTRUCTION projects, ARCHAEOLOGY, REMOTE sensing
Abstract

This article explores the use of specially trained canines to detect the location of human burials in nonmodern archaeological contexts. It discusses the history of the discipline, training and field methods, the importance of developing a working relationship with descendant communities, project examples, an assessment of canine detection effectiveness, and ways to select a canine detection team. The article highlights how the application of canine detection training and protocols to the archaeological record makes it possible to locate potential precontact Native American burial areas without ground disturbance. In some cases, probable burial areas located by canines can be confidentially mapped to ensure avoidance during upcoming construction projects. For a variety of reasons, many Native American communities have been wary of embracing this new method to locate ancestral burials. Today, however, canine detection is widely accepted by many tribal groups in California to locate ancestral burials that might be impacted by construction. Although additional controlled studies and rigorous field laboratory experiments are needed to understand the range of variation in efficacy fully, available results in both North America and Europe demonstrate that specially trained canines can often accurately locate human burials that are more than a thousand years old to within a few meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Thermal Alterations to Human Remains in Çatalhöyük.

Author

Skipper, Cassie E., Haddow, Scott D., and Pilloud, Marin A.

Subjects
ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains, FUNERAL industry, HUMAN comfort, INTERMENT
Abstract

The Neolithic East Mound at Çatalhöyük, dating to 7100–5950 cal BCE (Bayliss et al. 2015), in central Anatolia is well known as a large, early agricultural village. Like other Neolithic sites in this region, the site had distinct mortuary practices, which at Çatalhöyük are dominated by primary interments beneath house floors, accounting for 83 percent of stratified individuals recovered to date (Haddow et al. in press). While commingling of skeletal elements due to repeated use of house platforms as burial locations is common (Boz and Hager 2013 ; Haddow, Sadvari et al. 2016), there is also evidence of secondary burial practices including post-interment cranial retrieval and the occurrence of loose and partially articulated skeletal elements moved from a previous location (Haddow and Knüsel 2017). Such observations suggest the practice of delayed burial for certain individuals, a pattern that appears to increase in frequency over time (Haddow et al. in press). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Forensic Afterlives.

Author

Crossland, Zoë

Subjects
FORENSIC sciences, FORENSIC anthropology, POSTHUMANISM, FORENSIC medicine, QUALITY of life
Abstract

The practices involved in forensic investigation center on a search for physical clues and traces that may be used to reconstruct past events. The forensic corpse is therefore involved in a materially grounded semiotics, which provides the basis for making claims about the past. Using the examples of forensic pattern matching (such as craniofacial mapping and fingerprints) and forensic entomology, I explore the different life worlds that emerge after a person's death and how they are mobilized by forensic investigators. In this form of inquiry, claims to the real are articulated through the signs that different beings—whether human, insect, or microbe—perceive inhering in the corpse. Such forms of forensic investigation offer a productive site for thinking about the ontological status of fact and of the corpse in the context of posthumanism. Forensic signs stretch across our divided categories of the living and the dead, human and animal, nature and culture, providing alternate ways to conceptualize the relationships at play in such assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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47. Acknowledgement to referees.

Subjects
COBLE, Mike, GOMES, Veronica, DALDRUP, Thomas
Abstract

People that the author would like to thank for their assistance in the creation of the book are mentioned.

Published
2016
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50. Critical Connections : The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge From the Dawn of the Atomic Age to the Present

Author

Lee Riedinger, Allen Ekkebus, William Bugg, D. Ray Smith, Lee Riedinger, Allen Ekkebus, William Bugg, and D. Ray Smith

Subjects
Research institutes--Tennessee--Oak Ridge--History, Nuclear weapons industry--Tennessee--Oak Ridge--History
Abstract

The bombing of Pearl Harbor set off a chain of events that included the race to beat German scientists to build the atomic bomb. A tiny hamlet tucked away in the southern Appalachians proved an unlikely linchpin to win the race. The Manhattan Project required the combination of four secret sites—Clinton Laboratories, Y-12, K-25, and S-50—75,000 workers, and the nation's finest scientists to create the Secret City, Oak Ridge. From the beginning, the effort was aided by the nearby University of Tennessee, which provided expertise to make the weapon possible. Following World War II, it was not clear what role this huge research and development program would play, but pioneering scientists and administrators were determined that one option—dismantling the whole thing—would not happen. Critical Connections chronicles how Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Y-12 National Security Complex, and their partners became outstanding examples of the military-industrial-educational complex from the Cold War to the present day. At the beginning of the 1950s, Oak Ridge became a flourishing, less-secret city, and the authors show how, decade by decade, ORNL became the source of major breakthroughs in physics, biology, computing, and other fields—and how these achievements required ever-closer connections with UT. By the mid-1990s, after many successful joint initiatives between UT and ORNL, UT was poised to compete to become the manager of ORNL. In 2000, UT-Battelle LLC won the bid from the Department of Energy: UT was charged with providing scientific direction and key personnel; its partner Battelle would oversee ORNL's operations and chart its technology direction. The authors highlight the scientific developments these connections have brought, from nanotechnology to nuclear fission, from cryogenic experiments on mice to the world's fastest supercomputer. The partnerships between a university, a city, and federal facilities helped solve some of the greatest challenges of the twentieth century—and point toward how to deal with those of the twenty-first.

Published
2024

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