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Abstract Introduction Although obesity substantially influences public health owing to related comorbidities, it has been discovered that the incidence of such issues is not directly related to obesity but to the patient’s unhealthy metabolic status (MUS) independent of the body mass index (BMI). Objectives To describe the prevalence of UMS overall and according to BMI and determine the factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was used based on the analysis of secondary databases called the Life Stage Nutritional Surveillance Survey (VIANEV). Participants were selected in two stages, finally obtaining 885 participants. UMS was defined based on the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III used to define metabolic status in a set of 5 parameters, if the subject presented two or more alterations it was considered UMS. Six groups were formed according to BMI: metabolically healthy, average weight (MHNW) and unhealthy (MUNW), metabolically healthy, overweight (MHOW) and unhealthy (MUOW), metabolically healthy, obese (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO).). Results The total prevalence of UMS was 73.11%, with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO being 47.90%, 80.34%, and 96.44%, respectively. Only 5.31% did not present any metabolic alteration. The multivariable analysis found variations globally according to sex, age, marital status, geographical region, smoking habit, and altitude. Conclusions A high prevalence of UMS was observed in Peru, indicating that BMI alone is not a sufficient indicator of metabolic status. These findings suggest that strategies should be prioritized to address the growing problem of UMS, considering the particularities of each subpopulation and using a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Objective Mining activity represents one of the most hazardous occupations related to health, with 8% of fatal injuries concentrated in this sector worldwide. Thus, it is crucial to timely identify the factors involved in such injuries. We aimed to explore the sociodemographic and occupational/organisational factors associated with injuries, causative agents and subsequent disabilities and fatality of workers exposed to occupational injuries in the mining sector.Design A secondary scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.Data sources Scopus, Embase, Virtual Health Library, SciELO and PubMed databases were searched in February 2022 and updated in October 2023. The protocol was developed in April 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included observational studies published within the last 13 years (2010–2022) which provided information on injuries of the mining workers and reported associated factors as well as health consequences.Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers examined the eligibility criteria, screened and coded the extracted information using prevalidated data extraction tools, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Results A total of 123 studies were found, of which nine were selected for inclusion in this review. Participants were between 15 and 80 years old, and the rate of injuries ranged from 4.4% to 10.6% of reported cases. Among the total selected studies, mechanical agents were identified as the leading cause of injuries in six studies. The factors associated with injuries included age, gender (female) and biochemical characteristics. On the other hand, occupational and organisational factors encompassed work shift, outsourcing (contractors) and less than 2 years of experience in the sector.Conclusion This review emphasises that both work-related and individual characteristics are significantly related factors of injuries. Moreover, commonly reported health consequences of injuries encompass mortality, average days lost and permanent, partial or total disability.

Introduction: Several previous studies have provided evidence that obesity is a significant risk factor for the increase in prediabetes, but there are discrepancies regarding whether all the classic ways of measuring obesity, the body mass index (BMI), the waist circumference (WC) or the Waist to height ratio (WHtR) present the same level of risk. Objective: to carry out a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis to determine the association between indicators of obesity and prediabetes. Methods: A systematic review (SR) with a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed. The search was conducted in four databases: Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Association measures were presented as odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR), together with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Of the total number of manuscripts chosen, 12 had an analytical cross-sectional design, and 4 were cohort studies. For the cross-sectional studies, together they presented a statistically significant association for BMI (OR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.65 – 1.34), WC (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 – 1.54), and WHtR (OR: 2.47 IC 95 % 1.50 – 4.06). In the meta-analysis of the cohort studies, an association was found with WC (RR: 4.95; 95% CI 3.42 – 7.17) but not with BMI (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 0.81 – 1.85). There were no studies with WHtR. Conclusions: According to the results, considering cohort studies, WC could be the best risk indicator for prediabetes. There is a high degree of heterogeneity between the studies about the way obesity is measured, including the cut-off points used, so further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association and confirm the results found.

Introduction: Worldwide, approximately 280 million people suffer from depression, which results from complex interactions. Aim: Determining the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors in the Peruvian Population. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. The odds ratios together with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. For evaluating the strength of association between the variables of interest, a generalized linear model of the Poisson family was performed with robust variance. Results: The factors associated with exhibiting symptoms of depression were: the female sex; the age group older than 70 years; the year 2021; being married, cohabiting and being separated; residents in the region of Lima, the rest of the coast, mountains and jungle; possessing a level of higher education; living in a rural area; physical disability; drinking alcoholic beverages; having type 2 diabetes mellitus; having hypertension; medium and high fruit consumption. Conclusions: All the variables evaluated, except for the wealth index, tobacco consumption, health insurance, and body mass index, were associated with depressive symptoms.

Introducción: La prevalencia de HTA se encuentra entre 11,9 % y 49 %, la prevalencia de DM2 es de 10,5 %. La prevalencia de trastornos depresivos en diabéticos va en el rango de 10 % a 15 %. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el tiempo de enfermedad de los pacientes con HTA y DM2 con los síntomas de depresión. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal. La base secundaria analizada fue la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud del Perú (ENDES) de los años 2019, 2020 y 2021. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Se utilizó la prueba del chi cuadrado para cada posible factor asociado a la depresión y las asociaciones de interés se evaluaron con una distribución de Poisson. Resultados: El 21,59 % tenían síntomas de depresión al momento del estudio. El 51,40 % eran del sexo femenino. El 16,58 % presentaba mayor a 60 años. La HTA estuvo presente en el 5.9%, mientras que la DM2 en el 2,09 %. En el análisis bivariado, todas las variables se asociaron con la presencia de síntomas depresivos, excepto la variable que fuma a diario (p=0.275). Discusión: Los resultados señalan una asociación entre el tiempo de enfermedad desde el diagnóstico de HTA y DM2 con los síntomas depresivos. En el caso de ambas patologías el tener menos de un año de diagnóstico aumentaban en 51 % y 44 % respectivamente la probabilidad de presentar síntomas depresivos.

Introduction: It seems that the risk of developing diabetes cannot be predicted solely based on weight or BMI. Metabolic phenotypes might offer a more precise tool for identifying patients at higher risk of diabetes, thus enabling more effective and targeted preventive interventions. Objective: To determine the association between these metabolic phenotypes and the risk of diabetes. Materials: Systematic Review (SR) with a meta-analysis of cohort studies. The search was carried out in four databases: Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Metabolic states were classified into six groups: Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNW), Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight (MUNW), Metabolically Healthy Overweight (MHOW), Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight (MUOW), Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO), and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO). Association measures were presented as odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) along with their 95 % confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: A total of six studies were evaluated. For the meta-analysis, only studies using OR as the measure of association were included. Compared with individuals with MHNW, a statistically significant association was found for MUNW (OR: 1.82; CI95% 1.62, 2.04), MHOW (OR: 1.19; CI95% 1.07, 1.32), MUOW (OR: 2.44; CI95% 2.19, 2.72), MHO (OR: 2.14; CI95% 1.52, 3.01), and MUO (OR: 3.94; CI95% 3.28, 4.74). Conclusions: Metabolic phenotypes are significantly associated with the risk of diabetes, regardless of BMI. Further research in this field is required, and should be conducted in other regions of the world where obesity and diabetes rates are rapidly increasing.

Introduction: Although body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are the most commonly used obesity markers in clinical practice regarding depression, some studies suggest that other obesity markers such as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and conicity index (CI) may be more accurate in identifying patients with depression. Objective: To determine the relationship between different markers of obesity and the presence of symptoms of depression. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. A secondary analysis was conducted on the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) from 2018 to 2021. The main variable of the present study was the depression score. Numerical variables were presented as mean and confidence interval at 95 % (CI 95 %). A generalized linear model of the Gaussian family and Identity link function was performed to evaluate the strength of association between the variables of interest. Results: The average depression score in the study population was 2.61 (95 % CI 2.56–2.65). In the multivariable analysis, the depression score increased for each unit that increased the BMI by 0.011 points (β = 0.011; 95 % CI 0.002–0.020), the WHtR by 0.207 points (β = 0.207; 95 % CI 0.145–0.267), the ABSI by 0.158 points (β = 0.158; IC95% 0.047–0.269), the BRI by 0.096 points (β = 0.096; IC95% 0.069–0.122), and the CI by 0.010 points (β = 0.010; IC95% 0.004–0.016). There was no statistically significant association for WC. Conclusions: The WHtR may be a better marker of obesity for identifying patients with depressive symptoms compared to other markers.

Background: Endemic pemphigus foliaceus and endemic pemphigus vulgaris are autoimmune dermatologic disorders endemic to the Peruvian Amazon. Objective: To determine the ultrastructural skin alterations of three healthy subjects with anti DSG-1 antibodies in areas endemic to pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris in the Peruvian Amazon. Patients and methods: Case series carried out from data of three clinically healthy subjects positive to anti DSG-1 antibodies, from Peru. This study consists of a sub-analysis of data gathered in a previous study. Results: Ultrastructural results are presented from the skin biopsies of three clinically healthy patients positive to anti-desmoglein 1 (DSG-1) antibodies. High Resolution Optical Microscopy (HROM) showed the absence of acantholysis. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed the widening of intercellular space between keratinocytes, the presence of vacuoles in intercellular space with granular material and cytoplasmic vacuolization, loss of desmosome structure, loss of normal distribution among tonofilaments and lateral separation among cells in the stratum basale. Conclusion: According to our results, healthy subjects that present anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies can develop ultrastructural alterations that are visible through transmission electron microscopy but not through conventional optical microscopy.

Introducción: La reducción del consumo de sal se ha identificado como una de las intervenciones prioritarias para prevenir las enfermedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. Por ello, se recomienda que uno de los tres pilares para reducir su ingesta es reconocer el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con el consumo de sal (CAP-sal). Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de CAP-sal y los factores asociados a estos en la población peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado mediante encuesta virtual en población adulta peruana. Resultados: Se trabajó con una muestra de 918 sujetos. La proporción de participantes con conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas suficientes, fue del 54,58 %; 50,22 % y 40,31 %, respectivamente. Las variables que aumentan la probabilidad de tener un nivel suficiente de CAP-sal fueron el sexo femenino, la presencia de obesidad e HTA. Mientras que los antecedentes familiares y área de residencia lo fueron únicamente para conocimientos, el grado de instrucción para conocimientos y prácticas, y la actividad física tanto para actitudes como prácticas. Conclusiones: Tanto el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes fueron suficientes en la mitad de la muestra, pero las prácticas se encuentran por debajo de esta. Existen brechas que varían según las características sociodemográficas, como la edad, sexo, antecedentes de HTA, obesidad y realización de actividad física. Resultados que podrían apoyar la inclusión de la promoción de una nutrición saludable en la población peruana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The role of p-value knowledge for clinical practice is elemental; however, insufficient evidence on this is found in health science students. Objective: To determine the factors associated with p-value knowledge in human medical students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Application of a virtual survey to human medicine students from different faculties in Peru. Results: 54.69% had sufficient knowledge of p-value. The multivariate analysis found a statistically significant association with having sufficient knowledge on this topic in those who were between 6th to 9th semester (APr: 1.118; 95% CI 1.051 - 1.412; p=0.009) and medical internship (APr: 1.234; 95% CI 1.073 - 1.418; p=0.003); taking an external course in biostatistics, epidemiology or research (APr: 1.420; 95% CI 1.227 - 1.643; p

Introducción: Los pacientes con el fenotipo delgado metabólicamente obeso (DMO) pueden presentar el mismo riesgo que los obesos clásicos para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo. No obstante, la prevalencia y los factores que se encuentran asociados este varía de acuerdo con la población estudiada. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y los factores se encuentran asociados al fenotipo DMO en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Análisis secundario de la base de datos del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Los factores asociados que se consideraron fueron: edad (30-44 años, de 45-59 años, y 60 a más años), sexo, estado socioeconómico, nivel de educación, migración, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y nivel actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia del fenotipo DMO fue de 32,23% (IC95% 27,61-37,10). En el análisis multivariable, el sexo masculino mostró 39% menor probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO (PRa: 0,610; IC95% 0,428-0,869; p=0,006), en comparación con el sexo femenino. Mientras que, pertenecer a los grupos de edad entre 45-59 años y de 60 años a más presentó 110,5% (PRa: 2,105; IC95% 1,484-2,988; p

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una de las principales causas del desarrollo de patologías crónicas. Es indispensable su detección temprana, por ello es importante estudiar métodos más asequibles y menos costosos como los biomarcadores. Objetivo: Determinar la precisión diagnóstica de once biomarcadores para RI en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Análisis de base de datos secundario del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Para medir RI se utilizó como referencia la evaluación del modelo homeostático (HOMA-IR) ? 2,8. Los biomarcadores se basaron en la ratio de lípidos, los indicadores de lípido visceral, los indicadores con triglicéridos y glucosa (TyG), y los indicadores con cintura abdominal. Para la precisión se utilizó el análisis de la curva de características operativas del receptor y el área bajo la curva (AUC) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se estudió a 938 participantes. La prevalencia de RI fue del 9,91%. En relación con el análisis ROC, el índice TyG – índice de masa corporal (TyG – IMC) tuvo el mayor AUC, tanto en hombres: AUC=0,85 (0,81 - 0,90), corte=241,55; sens=92,5 (79,6 - 98,4) y esp=78,3 (73,9 - 82,2); como en mujeres: AUC=0,81 (0,76 - 0,85), corte=258,77; sens=79,2 (70,3 - 86,5) y esp= 82,1 (78,0 - 85,8). Discusión: Según los datos analizados, el índice TyG-IMC es el mejor indicador para medir RI. Es un índice simple que se puede tomar de manera rutinaria en la práctica clínica diaria. Es conveniente añadir futuros estudios prospectivos que confirmen su capacidad predictiva.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is associated with long-term chronic diseases, which is why different ways of obtaining an early diagnosis are sought. Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield of 3 anthropometric indices of weight and height for metabolic syndrome in a sample of Peruvian workers. Methods: The population are workers from 18 to 65 years old, both sexes, occupation operators and administrators; the studied variables were: age, sex, occupation, weight, height, waist circumference, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, pressure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein; 370 workers were included, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were created with their respective area under the curve, obtaining the sensitivity and specificity of each of the indices. Results: Of the total number of workers, 20% presented Metabolic Syndrome; 46.76% were women, 60% drank alcohol at some time, and 5.14% reported having smoked. The Body Mass Index the greatest ROC= 0.73; cutoff= 26.04; sensitivity= 78.4 and specificity= 67.9) followed by the New Body Mass Index (ROC= 0.70; cutoff= 27.85; sensitivity= 68.9 and specificity= 70.6), the last place was occupied by the Triponderal Index (ROC= 0.66; cutoff= 16.67; sensitivity= 67.6 and specificity= 64.5); the parameters for metabolic syndrome showed a statistically significant association. Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the best diagnostic yield for Metabolic Syndrome and could be a useful predictor to detect this syndrome.

Introducción: La nutrición adecuada, dejar de fumar y beber alcohol son medidas preventivas y de tratamiento, ayudan a prevenir complicaciones de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Sin embargo, aún existen dudas sobre la intensidad de la actividad física y sus beneficios en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la actividad física y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico con el uso base de datos secundarias del estudio COHORT CRONICAS. La variable principal fue la presencia o no de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, lo cual se determinó a través de un autoinforme por diagnóstico médico. La variable independiente fue actividad física, cuyos niveles fueron definidos de acuerdo con el protocolo del cuestionario internacional de actividad física, este se dicotomizó la variable en “bajo” y “medio/alto”. Resultados: Se trabajó con un total de 3211 sujetos. La prevalencia de reflujo gastroesofágico fue 4.48% y el 5.36% practicaba actividad física moderada/severa. En la regresión múltiple, se observó que los pacientes con actividad física baja tenían 391% mayor frecuencia de presentar reflujo gastroesofágico, respecto a quienes realizaban actividad física moderado/alta; se ajustó las covariables: sexo, edad, estatus socioeconómico, estado de fumador, bebedor de alcohol, actividad física e índice de masa corporal (RP=4.91; IC95%: 1.19 – 20.23). Conclusiones: El estudio mostró que la actividad física de intensidad moderada/alta se asocia con una menor prevalencia de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Si los resultados actuales se confirman en investigaciones futuras, los hallazgos de este estudio podrían ser importantes para la prevención y el tratamiento del reflujo gastroesofágico, a través de la intensidad de la actividad física.

Highlights: El ser varón es un factor relevante asociado al no tamizaje de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Un mayor nivel de educación y socioeconómico se asocian positivamente con la posibilidad de realizarse tamizaje para DM2 El fortalecimiento de los servicios de atención primaria es crucial en la prevención primaria de DM2 a través del tamizaje. Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad que representa un reto para la salud pública por su tendencia al crecimiento e impacto sobre todo en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la no realización del cribado de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar del año 2020 (ENDES-2020). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal secundario de la ENDES-2020. Resultados: Las variables que mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa para cribado de DM2 fueron: sexo masculino (PR=1,06, IC95% 1,02–1,10; p

Introducción: La prediabetes, en su gran mayoría evolucionará hacia diabetes mellitus; por ello, es importante su detección temprana, a través de pruebas de cribado. Objetivo: Estimar la precisión de la prueba de riesgo del ADA y la prueba de riesgo peruana como cribado para prediabetes. Métodos: Estudio transversal para pruebas diagnósticas. Para el diagnóstico de prediabetes se utilizó la glucosa en ayunas como prueba de referencia. Para evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico discriminativo se utilizó el gráfico de curvas COR que se presentó con el área bajo la curva y se tomó en cuenta la a sensibilidad para determinar el punto de corte. Se calcularon los intervalos de confianza al 95 % . Se trabajó con un total de 441 sujetos. Resultados: La prevalencia de prediabetes fue 14,29 %. El punto de corte de la prueba de riesgo del ADA fue 4; presentó un área bajo la curva de 0,79 (IC95 %: 0,75 - 0,83) y la sensibilidad del 93,7 % (IC95 %: 84,5 - 98,2). Mientras que para la prueba de riesgo peruana se escogió un corte de 2. El área bajo la curva fue de 0,72 (IC95 %: 0,67 - 0,78) y la sensibilidad del 79,4 (IC95 %: 67,3 - 88,5). Conclusiones: La prueba de riesgo del ADA, con un punto de corte de 4, supera a la prueba de riesgo peruana como método de cribado para prediabetes. De confirmarse dichos resultados en otros trabajos prospectivos, se puede recomendar su uso en zonas donde se tenga poco acceso a análisis de laboratorio.

Introducción: La obesidad y el déficit de vitamina D son alteraciones que están presentes en el adulto mayor, pero su asociación entre ambos no está del todo claro. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre obesidad y el déficit de vitamina D en población adulta mayor. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales. La búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y EMBASE. La obesidad fue medida a través a través del índice de masa corporal y cintura abdominal; el déficit de vitamina D, por la 25-hidroxi-vitamina D. Estos datos se combinaron con un modelo de efectos aleatorios y las medidas de asociación se calcularon a través del el odds ratio (OR). La heterogeneidad se midió según el I cuadrado. Resultados: Cinco estudios fueron incluidos (n= 17 700. Se encontró asociación entre la vitamina D con la obesidad según índice de masa corporal (OR= 1,36; IC95 %: 1,04-1,77) y según cintura abdominal abdominal (OR=1,74; IC95 %: 1,26-2,40. La heterogeneidad de los efectos entre los estudios fue de moderada a alta. Conclusiones: Se encuentra asociación entre la presencia de obesidad y el déficit de vitamina D en la población anciana.

Introducción: Se ha sugerido que la preeclampsia puede ser prevenida por la ingesta de vitamina E y C, dado el mecanismo fisiopatológico de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia conjunta de la vitamina C y E en la prevención de la preeclamsia. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos pubmed/medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, y Clinical Trials. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane versión 2. Se realizó un metanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se calcularon los riesgos relativos, con los correspondientes intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Se incluyeron 7 estudios (n= 1 475). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa del tratamiento con suplementación de vitamina C y E con respecto a la preeclampsia (riesgo relativo: 1,03; IC95 %: 0,78-1,26). Conclusiones: La suplementación dual de vitamina C y E no previene la preeclamsia en gestantes con riesgo de padecer la enfermedad.

Introducción: En la patología del síndrome metabólico, de acuerdo con distintas investigaciones y la práctica clínica se han visto manifestaciones de daño hepático. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de transaminasas elevadas (alanina aminotransaminasa y aspartato aminotransaminasa) y determinar su asociación con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: Estudio transversal con procedimientos analíticos. Análisis secundario de los datos generados por el registro electrónico en salud de un policlínico ocupacional. La variable principal fue el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico. Para definir aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 36 U/L en hombres. Para alanina aminotransaminasa, se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 40 U/L en hombres. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 21,82 %, de aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada fue del 10,30 % y alanina aminotransaminasa elevada del 16,67 %. En la regresión múltiple, se ajustó por las covariables confusoras sexo, edad, ocupación, índice de masa corporal, fumar, alcohol y actividad física. Se observó que los pacientes con aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 128 % mayor frecuencia de síndrome metabólico, respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,28; IC95 %: 1,64 - 3,17; p< 0,001). Se encontró que los pacientes con alanina aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 148 % mayor frecuencia de presentar síndrome metabólico respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,48; IC95 %: 1,77 - 3,47; p< 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre las transaminasas hepáticas elevadas y la presencia de síndrome metabólico.

Objective: To evaluate the validity of the risk test of the American Diabetes Association (ADA Test) as a screening for hyperglycemia in a sample of workers in Lima, Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests. Secondary analysis of the data generated by the electronic health record of an occupational polyclinic, carried out in January and February 2020. The sample was made up of workers from different areas who attended for their occupational medical evaluation. Prediabetes was considered with a fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg / dl but less than 126 mg / dl. Results: 397 subjects were evaluated. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 29% (115/397). With a cutoff ≥ 3 points, the ADA Test presented an area under the curve of 0.868, a sensitivity of 94.8%, and a specificity of 51.8%. The PPV was 44.5% and the NPV was 96.1%. Finally, the positive likelihood coefficient calculated was 1.96, and the negative was 0.101. Conclusion: The ADA test, with a 3-point cutoff, proves to be a simple pragmatic screening tool for undiagnosed cases of prediabetes. If current results are confirmed in future research, due to its simplicity, it can facilitate various initiatives aimed at introducing and expanding early prevention and management strategies based on this trial.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors characterized by the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation. Among all the inflammatory biomarkers associated with MetS, the best characterized and well standardized is C-Reactive protein (CRP). Objectives: To evaluate the association between C-Reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in the Peruvian population of the PERU MIGRANT study. Methods: Secondary database analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study. MetS was considered according to the Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome criteria. For CRP, a cutoff point of ≥ 3 mg/L was established. Results: We worked with a total of 958 subjects. The prevalence of MetS was 24.53%. In the simple regression analysis, it was found that people with high CRP levels had a 75% higher frequency of having MetS, compared to those who did not present high CRP levels (PR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.40 - 2.18). In multiple regression, it was observed that patients with high CRP levels had a 31% greater frequency of having MetS, compared to those with normal CRP levels; adjusting for the rest of the covariates (PR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.62). Conclusions: Plasma CRP was positively associated with MetS. This suggests that a low-grade inflammatory process may be related to the presence of MetS. Against this, physicians should pay attention to glucose, lipid profile, and central obesity in patients with elevated plasma CRP levels.

Introduction: Due to the presence of Covid-19 in the world, several countries, including Peru, have taken measures, including compulsory social isolation (quarantine). The inability of people to carry out their daily activities has directly affected their lifestyles. A population quite susceptible to these changes are university students. Objectives: To develop a validation scale to know what are the changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period in a population of university students from Lima, Peru. Results: The final scale was made up of 25 items. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (3514.19, gl = 300, p

Introducción: Existen evidencias respecto a la relación inversa, entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el desarrollo de padecimientos crónicos como enfermedad coronaria, síndrome metabólico y diabetes. Objetivo: Determinar los factores bioquímicos asociados a la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, en pacientes atendidos en un centro médico peruano. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 209 pacientes atendidos en un centro médico de Lima, Perú. Se utilizó el cuestionario PREDIMED para medir la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Se indagó la correlación entre el puntaje de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y las covariables, edad, sexo, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, hiperglicemia en ayunas y diagnóstico nutricional. Se utilizaron modelos lineales generales. Resultados: De 209 participantes, la mayoría fueron hombres (79,9 %) y la mediana de edad fue de 31 años. El 20,2 % tenía obesidad, quienes presentaron alteraciones en triglicéridos, fueron el 29,1 %, colesterol (21,7 %) y glicemia en ayunas (26,8 %). En cuanto al puntaje del PREDIMED, la media fue de 4,6 puntos. Se encontró que la hiperglicemia en ayunas (Coef. = -2,08) tuvo asociación negativa con el puntaje de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Conclusión: La adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea es baja, y se correlaciona de forma negativa con hallazgos de hiperglicemia en los participantes evaluados.

Objetivo: Determinar cuáles son los factores de riesgo predictivos para la no efectividad de uso de Betalactámicos en pacientes hospitalizados por Infeccion del Tracto Urinario (ITU) en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Santa Rosa de Lima. Métodos: Estudio observacional, Analítico, de casos y controles, realizado en el Hospital Santa Rosa ; 280 pacientes hospitalizados con ITU, 140 casos y 140 controles, en el periodo enero-diciembre 2016 fueron incluidos, las variables a analizar fueron: Edad, Sexo, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, Enfeemedad Renal Cronica y hospitalizaciones previas. Resultados: Como resultado del análisis la variable Diabetes Mellitus 2 presento un OR: 7.79 IC 95% (4.57-13.27), Enfermedad renal crónica OR: 24.06 IC 95% (12.04- 48.07), Hospitalización previa OR: 3.93 IC 95% (2.37- 6.51) Siendo considerados como factores de asociación positivos y significativamente estadísticos. Conclusión: La población en su mayoría se caracterizó por ser predominantemente femenino y menor de 65 años; el tener diabetes mellitus 2, Enfermedad renal crónica y hospitalización previa fueron factores asociados positiva y estadísticamente significativos, para la no efectividad del uso de betalactámicos en pacientes hospitalizados con ITU. Palabras clave: Sistema Urinario; No efectividad antibiótica; Factores predictivos asociados. (fuente: DeCS BIREME)

Copyright of Revista del Cuerpo Médico del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo is the property of Cuerpo Medico del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Although obesity substantially influences public health owing to related comorbidities, it has been discovered that the incidence of such issues is not directly related to obesity but to the patient's unhealthy metabolic status (MUS) independent of the body mass index (BMI). Objectives: To describe the prevalence of UMS overall and according to BMI and determine the factors associated with it. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was used based on the analysis of secondary databases called the Life Stage Nutritional Surveillance Survey (VIANEV). Participants were selected in two stages, finally obtaining 885 participants. UMS was defined based on the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III used to define metabolic status in a set of 5 parameters, if the subject presented two or more alterations it was considered UMS. Six groups were formed according to BMI: metabolically healthy, average weight (MHNW) and unhealthy (MUNW), metabolically healthy, overweight (MHOW) and unhealthy (MUOW), metabolically healthy, obese (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO).). Results: The total prevalence of UMS was 73.11%, with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO being 47.90%, 80.34%, and 96.44%, respectively. Only 5.31% did not present any metabolic alteration. The multivariable analysis found variations globally according to sex, age, marital status, geographical region, smoking habit, and altitude. Conclusions: A high prevalence of UMS was observed in Peru, indicating that BMI alone is not a sufficient indicator of metabolic status. These findings suggest that strategies should be prioritized to address the growing problem of UMS, considering the particularities of each subpopulation and using a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine factors associated with abdominal obesity among normal-weight individuals from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2018–2021). Cross-sectional analytical study. The outcome variable was abdominal obesity defined according to JIS criteria. Crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated for the association between sociodemographic and health-related variables and abdominal obesity using the GLM Poisson distribution with robust variance estimates. A total of 32,109 subjects were included. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 26.7%. The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between abdominal obesity and female sex (aPR: 11.16; 95% CI 10.43–11.94); categorized age 35 to 59 (aPR: 1.71; 95% CI 1.65–1.78); 60 to 69 (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI 1.81–2.02); and 70 or older(aPR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.87–2.10); survey year 2019 (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.15–1.28); 2020 (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.11–1.24); and 2021 (aPR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.06–1.18); living in Andean region (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.86–0.95); wealth index poor (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.18–1.35); middle (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.08–1.26); rich (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.17–1.36); and richest (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.16–1.36); depressive symptoms (aPR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.98); history of hypertension (aPR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.13), type 2 diabetes (aPR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20); and fruit intake 3 or more servings/day (aPR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.89–0.96). Female sex, older ages, and low and high income levels increased the prevalence ratio for abdominal obesity, while depressive symptoms, living in the Andean region, and fruit intake of 3 or more servings/day decreased it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increase in obesity worldwide, international organizations have promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as part of which fruit consumption stands out. However, there are controversies regarding the role of fruit consumption in mitigating this disease. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between fruit intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a representative sample of Peruvians. This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2019–2021). The outcome variables were BMI and WC. The exploratory variable was fruit intake, which was expressed in three different presentations: portion, salad, and juice. A generalized linear model of the Gaussian family and identity link function were performed to obtain the crude and adjusted beta coefficients. A total of 98,741 subjects were included in the study. Females comprised 54.4% of the sample. In the multivariate analysis, for each serving of fruit intake, the BMI decreased by 0.15 kg/m2 (β = −0.15; 95% CI −0.24 to −0.07), while the WC was reduced by 0.40 cm (β = −0.40; 95% CI −0.52 to −0.27). A negative association between fruit salad intake and WC was found (β = −0.28; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.01). No statistically significant association between fruit salad intake and BMI was found. In the case of fruit juice, for each glass of juice consumed, the BMI increased by 0.27 kg/m2 (β = 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.40), while the WC increased by 0.40 cm (β = 0.40; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.60). Fruit intake per serving is negatively related to general body adiposity and central fat distribution, while fruit salad intake is negatively related to central distribution adiposity. However, the consumption of fruit in the form of juices is positively associated with a significant increase in BMI and WC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)