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In present scenario the air was much polluted and in turn harms the health of the living beings in the society. Then we know by using burning of plastics and using more vehicles are causing polluted air in outdoor section then by this it may causes more health issues then what the scenario happens it in indoor section also which the situation we are not able to live comfortably in our homes also then we will going to face the situation of buying the quality of air also to overcome that situation. We can say we can buy anything by the money what going to happen if air also polluted that air also we need to buy for money then in world money plays vital role then life of a human then to overcome this situation we are monitoring the quality of air in indoor section with Arduino and BME680 sensor parameters like “Temperature”, “Humidity”, “Pressure”, “Altitude”, “Calibrated Altitude”, “Gas resistance” on LCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a disease that affects nerve cells in the brain. It is indicated by the loss of muscle control which leads to difficulty speaking. Morse code is a communication tool that uses dots and dashes to represent letters. Morse code is an effective communication method for people diagnosed with ALS Since they lose the ability to speak or type with their fingers as the disease progresses. This paper proposes a system for converting Morse Code to text using Arduino Nano and an eye-blink sensor. The proposed system will monitor the eye and the duration of a closed eye ( blink) determines the DOT and DASH. Eventually, the dots and dashes are translated into text and displayed on a 16X2 LCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for neuroimmunological disorders has played an important role in the Southeast Asian region. This study investigates the challenges of performing TPE within the region. Method: A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted and launched to 15 South East Asian Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Consortium (SEATPEC) members from seven countries in January 2021. It included demographics, TPE techniques, indications, challenges, timing, outcome measurement, and access to laboratory testing in each local center. Results: A total of 15 neurologists from 12 participating centers were included. They usually perform five sessions of TPE (100.0%), with 1 to 1.5 plasma volume (93.3%), and exchanges via the central catheter (100.0%). Acute relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myasthenia gravis are the most common indications. They used a combination of normal saline and 5% albumin (60.0%) as replacement fluid. Most (66.7%) used TPE as an add‐on treatment in steroid‐refractory cases or as first‐line treatment for severe attacks. They suggested assessing the TPE efficacy of TPE by the interval to the next attack, post‐TPE relapse rates, and TPE‐related complications. The major challenges within our region are expense, reimbursibility, and access to TPE. Conclusion: Although countrywise differences exist, all share similarities regarding methods, indications, timing, obstacles, and challenges of TPE for neuroimmunological conditions. Regional collaboration will be essential to identify strategies to reduce these barriers to access to TPE in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Approximate computing" is a design technique that sacrifices computational correctness in order to obtain high performance and low power consumption. Approximate Booth multiplier structures are the focus of this investigation in this thesis. The approximate multiplier for errors resulting from the approximate radix-4 Booth encoding, the approximate regular partial product array, and the approximate 4-2 compressor is estimated using a probabilistic error model. The NMEDs of 8-bit and 16-bit approximation designs can be determined using the proposed methodology. Simulated findings show that the error model and its related framework are accurate, proving the validity of the analytical frameworks used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because it constantly increases the sensitivity to the statistical delay of a path, a test pattern has typically been considered a random variable with a Gaussian distribution. In various circuit configurations, the pattern-created delay is non-Gaussian, and its sensitivity varies between test patterns. Probability mass functions are used to express it (PMFs). By employing many uncorrelated test patterns per path, this article explains how autonomous test pattern generation (ATPG) can increase defect coverage (DC). The ATPG method's impact is evaluated by comparing it to previous methods. It has been shown that critical pathways can be identified for further exploration using the ATPG supplied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some degree of calculation inaccuracy is common in statistical applications, such as machine learning and data sensing. Approximate computations can be utilised to conserve energy and increase performance. The output error rate of some approximation solutions is uncontrollable, therefore they can only be employed in a limited number of situations. An approximation floating point multiplier called the CFPU is the primary purpose of this research. Our approach approximates multiplication by omitting the operation's most energy-intensive step and replacing it with a less energy-intensive one. CFPU dynamically picks the inputs that create the biggest approximation error and processes them in exact CFPU mode in order to fine-tune the amount of approximation. When completing at least 4% of multiplications in approximate mode, our CFPU outperforms a typical FPU. These multiplications save a large amount of energy in our evaluated applications. We found that by replacing the CFPU with FPUs on the AMD Southern Island GPU, we were able to reduce power consumption by 77% and improve latency by 3.5 percent for eight common Open CL applications. CFPU also enhances the energy-delay product by 2.4 over the best approximate multipliers currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An X-DADDA multiplier that is both energy-efficient and accurate is the subject of this article. Voltage scaling and approximate width setting approximation controls boost the multiplier's energy usage and dependability while extending its lifespan. The latter can only be utilised before and after design, unlike the former, which can be modified at any time. A certain degree of precision is required in order to calculate the partial product columns and the over scaled voltage in order to maximise energy. Columns with lower bit significances and more switching activity are commonly used to keep the inaccuracy within a reasonable range. Level shifters are used rarely in this design due of their low cost. Every column following the first one is connected to each other. If you want more efficiency from your multiplier, you should reduce the output from it to only four bits. 15-nm FinFET technology is used to investigate the X-Dadda structure's efficiency. Approximation based on the typical relative error distance of 0.11 can save up to 43% of the power consumed in a home. Bias temperature instability (BTI) is reduced by up to 9.9 percent in this case compared to the precise mode when the delay degradation is 50%. The X-accuracy Dadda's also investigate the influence of process adjustments. Finally, the X-Dadda multiplier is put to the test in neural networks for image categorization and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be defined as a cluster of sensors with a restricted power supply deployed in a specific area to gather environmental data. One of the most challenging areas of research is to design energy-efficient data gathering algorithms in large-scale WSNs, as each sensor node, in general, has limited energy resources. Literature review shows that with regards to energy saving, clustering-based techniques for data gathering are quite effective. Moreover, cluster head (CH) optimization is a non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard problem. Both the lifespan of the network and its energy efficiency are improved by choosing the optimal path in routing. The technique put forth in this paper is based on multi swarm optimization (MSO) (i.e., multi-PSO) together with Tabu search (TS) techniques. Efficient CHs are chosen by the proposed system, which increases the optimization of routing and life of the network. The obtained results show that the MSO-Tabu approach has a 14%, 5%, 11%, and 4% higher number of clusters and a 20%, 6%, 14%, and 6% lesser average packet loss rate as compared to a genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), Tabu, and MSO based clustering, respectively. Moreover, the MSO-Tabu approach has 136%, 36%, 136%, and 38% higher lifetime computation, and 22%, 16%, 51%, and 12% higher average dissipated energy. Thus, the study's outcome shows that the proposed MSO-Tabu is efficient, as it enhances the number of clusters formed, average energy dissipated, lifetime computation, and there is a decrease in mean packet loss and end-to-end delay.

In December 2017, 79 delegates attended the 2nd regional plasmapheresis conference and workshop for Southeast Asia (SEA) on the immunomodulatory role of plasma exchange in central and peripheral nervous system disorders in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This meeting featured 6 plenary lectures, interactive sessions dedicated for experience sharing, case presentations, and a practical session for paramedics. Clinical experts and researchers from 7 SEA countries and India shared experience and challenges in treating autoimmune neurological disorders. While the spectrum of diseases and neurology practice remained largely similar, there was great disparities in accessibility of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) within SEA countries and between urban or rural settings. Costs, human resources, and healthcare policies are common challenges in providing sustainable TPE services. Novel techniques and innovative ideas in performing TPE were explored. A working consortium comprising of key opinion leaders was proposed to improve standards of TPE and enhance future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve traditional methods in the agriculture sector, there have been many systems developed using advanced techniques. IoT plays an important role in the agriculture Industry. Smart Agriculture helps to increase crop yield by reducing wastage and effective usage of fertilizer. Smart techniques make use of wireless sensor nodes to monitor the agricultural environment. Monitoring the field not only allows the user to reduce human effort but also allows the user to see accurate changes in it. This project aims to describe smart agriculture using IOT technologies. In India, most people are doing work-related agriculture directly or indirectly. The economy of India is mostly affected by agriculturerelated activities. To check the water level of the well, the farmer has to go to a farm and start a water pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fare evasion has become an important issue for public transport companies, especially for those that have adopted proof-of-payment ticketing systems. Recent years have seen strong growth in the publication of studies on fare evasion. This paper reviews 113 studies to identify the characteristics of the research on fare evasion. An overview and classification in five main areas, i.e., fare evader-oriented, criminological, economic, technological, and operational is provided. Next, the status quo of these studies is assessed to support possible unifying research development. To facilitate passenger, know their exact fare according to the distance travelled by them. To facilitate the owner of the bus to know the exact data about the number of passengers travelled and total collected amount. We have designed such a system where passenger themselves can monitor the fare based upon the distance travelled by them. If this system is installed in any public transportation, then passenger should enroll their finger in the fingerprint sensor while entering the vehicle and should enroll it back while leaving the vehicle. When we enroll the finger while leaving the vehicle the display unit in the system shows the total distance travelled and the total fare to be charged based upon that distance travelled. Passenger should not negotiate with bus unit for the fare. We can also further improvement in this project by integrating online payment system in this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, we are taking a step further by utilizing GPS and GSM technologies to track vehicles. This Vehicle Tracking System has the potential to be utilized for various purposes such as an Accident Detection Alert System or Soldier Tracking System, with a few modifications to both the hardware and software components. Tracking a vehicle involves monitoring its location in terms of GPS coordinates, specifically latitude and longitude. This system is particularly effective for outdoor applications. It operates using software-controlled hardware, with Arduino playing a crucial role in its functionality. Given the increasing number of privately-owned vehicles and the prevalence of thefts in parking areas and insecure driving locations, ensuring the safety of vehicles is of utmost importance. By installing a vehicle tracking and locking system, the location of the vehicle can be monitored. This is achieved through the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). These systems continuously monitor the movement of the vehicle and provide status updates upon request. In the event of theft, when the responsible person identifies the situation, an SMS is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then sends control signals to immobilize the engine motor. To restart the vehicle and unlock the doors, an authorized person must send a password to the controller. This system offers enhanced security, reliability, and affordability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]