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Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a "middle of the road" scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26-43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from -20 to -191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming., (© 2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

AxSr1-x(Fe0.5Ru0.5)O3 double perovskites (x=0.05 and A=Ba,Ca) were prepared by a sol-gel method and an effect of the cation substitution at the A site of the crystal structure of SrFe0.5Ru0.5O3 on their magnetic properties was monitored by x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-dependent and in-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both Ca- and Ba-substituted samples reveal the orthorhombic structure similar to the undoped perovskite; however, the cell volume changes with the substituting ion radius. TEM and SEM micrographs manifest agglomerated nanocrystalline samples with particle sizes of about 20–60, 15–50, and 40–70 nm for the undoped, Ba-doped, and Ca-doped perovskites, respectively. Generally, the magnetic regime of both substituted and undoped perovskites can be described by a spin-glass behavior caused by a spin frustration. Among other factors, this is manifested by a nonsaturation of the hysteresis loops even at a high field of 50 kOe, by a low-temperature divergence of the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves, and by a cusp in the zero-field-cooled magnetization curve. The low-temperature spin-glass state is also supported by the in-field Mössbauer spectra, recorded on these systems. The isomer shift parameters, extracted from the Mössbauer spectra, confirm a high-spin iron(III) state with S=5/2. In contrast to the undoped and Ba-doped samples, the narrower distribution of the hyperfine magnetic fields, observed in the Ca-doped perovskite can be ascribed to the larger particles. Compared to the undoped sample, the field of maximum probability is higher in the Ca-substituted perovskite while it is reduced in the Ba-doped sample because of the effects of the chemical compression and expansion, respectively. In addition, the Ca-doped sample exhibits more negative Weiss temperature (Θ=-105 K) than that found for the Ba-substituted perovskite (Θ=-49 K), implying that doping with Ca at Sr sites of SrFe0.5Ru0.5O3 perovskite structure provokes strengthening of antiferromagnetic interactions at the expense of the other ones. Furthermore, both substituted samples reveal significantly reduced coercive fields in the hysteresis loops recorded at 5 K, probably as a result of decreasing magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This is an indirect evidence of the essential influence of the substitution on the crystal growth of the synthesized particles. The role of SrRuO3 and SrFeO3 compounds, which have been detected in magnetic and Mössbauer measurements as admixtures, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[A.sub.x][Sr.sub.1-x]([Fe.sub.0.5][Ru.sub.0.5])[O.sub.3] double perovskites (x = 0.05, A = Ba, Ca) are prepared by a sol-gel method and the effect of cation substitution at the A site of the crystal structure of Sr[Fe.sub.0.5][Ru.sub.0.5][O.sub.3] on their magnetic properties are examined. The magnetic properties of these systems are described, where the general spin-glass behavior is affected by the chemical pressure and finite-size effects due to cation substitution and sample nanocrystallinity.

Binary hybrids have been investigated for the past few decades due to the emerging properties of nanoparticle composites. Electrostatically stabilized core–shell nanostructures composed of surface active magnetic nanoparticles (SAMNs) and differently charged carbon nanomaterials display specific electrochemical properties. In this work, a set of binary hybrids that include a new class of magnetic nanoparticles is presented and the electrochemical features of the hybrids are reported. Gallic acid derived carbon dots (GA-CDs), PEG derived graphene dots (PEG-GDs), and quaternized carbon dots (Q-CDs) characterized by different charged groups were used for the preparation of different complexes with SAMNs. Thus, a set of six binary nanomaterials was obtained, and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, demonstrating significant differences in the charge transfer resistance, capacitive current, electrochemical performance, and reversibility with respect to the isolated subunits. Among them, the combination of Q-CDs with an excess of SAMNs led to a Q-CD@SAMN hybrid, which displayed peculiar electrocatalytic properties attributable to the influence of the strong electrostatic interactions exerted by Q-CDs on the SAMN surface. Notwithstanding their small fraction (around 1% w/w), Q-CDs oriented the electrocatalysis of SAMNs toward the selective electro-oxidation of polyphenols at low applied potentials (+0.1 V vs. SCE). Finally, the Q-CD@SAMN hybrid was used for the development of a coulometric sensor for polyphenols, composed of a simple carbon paste electrode in a small volume electrochemical flow cell (1 μL), and used for the complete direct electro-oxidation of polyphenols from plant extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which determined the absolute yields of electrons and negative ions resulting from positive ions compacting stainless steel as a function of impact energy for clean and oxygen-covered surfaces. Experimental method; Results and discussion; Conclusions.

Pristine ɣ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, called surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) display unprecedented colloidal stability and specific binding properties. Herein, the interactions of SAMNs with As V and As III as surface molecular probes were comparatively studied. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterizations, along with chemical and structural analysis of SAMN@As complexes, evidenced two distinct binding modalities. Arsenite, emerged as an elective and specific ligand for SAMNs, whereas arsenate adsorption was more labile, pH dependent and ruled by different binding possibilities. In particular, As III oxyacid exclusively interacts through inner-sphere coordination occupying available surface crystal positions resembling a key-lock fitting, while As V leads to both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes. Noteworthy, discrimination between As V and As III was never reported for nanostructured maghemite evidencing the importance of synthetic route on surface properties of the nanomaterial. The present report, besides enriching the chemistry of nanosized iron oxides, suggests SAMNs application for the remediation of water contaminated by As III , the most threatening As species in water., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy stored in the form of hydrogen. Nanostructured hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) is one of the most attractive materials for a highly efficient charge carrier generation and collection due to its large specific surface area and the short minority carrier diffusion length. In the present work, the PEC water splitting performance of nanostructured α-Fe 2 O 3 is investigated which was prepared by anodization followed by annealing in a low oxygen ambient (0.03 % O 2 in Ar). It was found that low oxygen annealing can activate a significant PEC response of α-Fe 2 O 3 even at a low temperature of 400 °C and provide an excellent PEC performance compared with classic air annealing. The photocurrent of the α-Fe 2 O 3 annealed in the low oxygen at 1.5 V vs. RHE results as 0.5 mA cm -2 , being 20 times higher than that of annealing in air. The obtained results show that the α-Fe 2 O 3 annealed in low oxygen contains beneficial defects and promotes the transport of holes; it can be attributed to the improvement of conductivity due to the introduction of suitable oxygen vacancies in the α-Fe 2 O 3 . Additionally, we demonstrate the photocurrent of α-Fe 2 O 3 annealed in low oxygen ambient can be further enhanced by Zn-Co LDH, which is a co-catalyst of oxygen evolution reaction. This indicates low oxygen annealing generates a promising method to obtain an excellent PEC water splitting performance from α-Fe 2 O 3 photoanodes., (© 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

A category of naked maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), named surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs), is characterized by biological safety, high water colloidal stability and a surface chemistry permitting the binding of ligands. In the present study, the interaction between SAMNs and an antibiotic displaying chelating properties (oxytetracycline, OxyTC) was extensively structurally and magnetically characterized. OxyTC emerged as an ideal probe for providing insights into the colloidal properties of SAMNs. At the same time, SAMNs turned out as an elective tool for water remediation from OxyTC. Therefore, a dilute colloidal suspension of SAMNs was used for the removal of OxyTC in large volume tanks where, to simulate a real in situ application, a population of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was introduced. Interestingly, SAMNs led to the complete removal of the drug without any sign of toxicity for the animal model. Moreover, OxyTC immobilized on SAMNs surface resulted safe for sensitive Escherichia coli bacteria strain. Thus, SAMNs were able to recover the drug and to suppress its antibiotic activity envisaging their feasibility as competitive option for water remediation from OxyTC in more nature related scenarios. The present contribution stimulates the use of novel smart colloidal materials to cope with complex environmental issues., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)