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Monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery plays a prominent role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Droplet microfluidics has become a standard technology for high-throughput screening of antibody-producing cells due to high droplet single-cell confinement frequency and rapid analysis and sorting of the cells of interest with their secreted mAbs. In this work, a new method is described for on-demand co-encapsulation of cells that eliminates the difficulties associated with washing in between consecutive steps inside the droplets and enables the washing and addition of fresh media. The new platform identifies hybridoma cells that are expressing antibodies of interest using antibody-characterization assays to find the best-performing or rare-cell antibody candidates., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Over the last two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved into a versatile tool for fabricating tailored micrometer-sized hydrogel particles. Combining precise fluid handling down to femtoliter scale with diverse hydrogel precursor design, it allows for excellent control over microgel size and shape, but also functionalization and crosslinking density. Consequently, it is possible to tune physicochemical and mechanical properties such as swelling, degradation, stimuli sensitivity, and elasticity by microfluidic droplet templates. This has led to a recent trend in applying microgels as experimental platform in cell culturing, drug delivery, sensing, and tissue engineering. This article highlights advances in microfluidic droplet formation as templates for microgels with tailored physicochemical properties. Special focus is put on evolving design strategies for the synthesis of mechanically defined microgels, their applications, and methods for mechanical characterization on single-particle level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic flow cells provide excellent control over the formation of microemulsions, which are widely applied as templates for the fabrication of hydrogel microparticles and vesicles with defined physicochemical properties. In recent years, bio-orthogonal synthesis schemes of macromolecular building blocks as well as their microfluidic processing under mild reaction conditions have greatly extended microfluidics-based vesicle and hydrogel design beyond material sciences. In particular, in synthetic and cell biology, tissue engineering as well as cell-free biotechnology, microgels and vesicles as experimental platforms with known parameter space allow for mimicking, studying and manipulating key aspects of cellular life in vitro in a tailored fashion. This article provides insights in recent advances to fabricate vesicles and microgels by microfluidic jets and droplets with tailored volume, shape and internal structure, and presents developments in applying these materials as artificial extracellular matrices as well as simple cell mimics designed by microfluidics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the equational theories' connection with fully invariant congruences to extend to the universal classes of logic such as infinitary. It states that the connection between equational and quasi-equational theories is the Neumann-type correspondence which relates theory with algebraic object. Moreover, it says that an order-isomorphism Neumann-type correspondence for strict universal Horn theories was generated.

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