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Abstract The amygdaloid complex consists of multiple nuclei and is a key node in controlling temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in both human and animal model studies. However, the specific nucleus in the amygdaloid complex and the neural circuitry governing seizures remain unknown. Here, it is discovered that activation of glutamatergic neurons in the posterior basolateral amygdala (pBLA) induces severe seizures and even mortality. The pBLA glutamatergic neurons project collateral connections to multiple brain regions, including the insular cortex (IC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and central amygdala (CeA). Stimulation of pBLA‐targeted IC neurons triggers seizures, whereas ablation of IC neurons suppresses seizures induced by activating pBLA glutamatergic neurons. GABAergic neurons in the BNST and CeA establish feedback inhibition on pBLA glutamatergic neurons. Deleting GABAergic neurons in the BNST or CeA leads to sporadic seizures, highlighting their role in balancing pBLA activity. Furthermore, pBLA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs from the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Ablation of pBLA glutamatergic neurons mitigates both acute and chronic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid‐induced mouse model of TLE. Together, these findings identify the pBLA as a pivotal nucleus in the amygdaloid complex for regulating epileptic seizures in TLE.

The amygdaloid complex consists of multiple nuclei and is a key node in controlling temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in both human and animal model studies. However, the specific nucleus in the amygdaloid complex and the neural circuitry governing seizures remain unknown. Here, it is discovered that activation of glutamatergic neurons in the posterior basolateral amygdala (pBLA) induces severe seizures and even mortality. The pBLA glutamatergic neurons project collateral connections to multiple brain regions, including the insular cortex (IC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and central amygdala (CeA). Stimulation of pBLA‐targeted IC neurons triggers seizures, whereas ablation of IC neurons suppresses seizures induced by activating pBLA glutamatergic neurons. GABAergic neurons in the BNST and CeA establish feedback inhibition on pBLA glutamatergic neurons. Deleting GABAergic neurons in the BNST or CeA leads to sporadic seizures, highlighting their role in balancing pBLA activity. Furthermore, pBLA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs from the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Ablation of pBLA glutamatergic neurons mitigates both acute and chronic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid‐induced mouse model of TLE. Together, these findings identify the pBLA as a pivotal nucleus in the amygdaloid complex for regulating epileptic seizures in TLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Birth weight is a critical indicator for assessing fetal development and newborn health status. This study aimed to examine both linear and nonlinear associations between maternal age and birth weight and their related adverse outcomes. Methods: 15,923 delivery data from 2018 to 2021 for pregnant women from the Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were reviewed by a retrospective study. Basic information and infant birth weight were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry. Multivariable regression models and the restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis were used to identify the associations between maternal age and birth weight and its related adverse outcomes. Results: The ages of pregnant women trended upward from 2018 to 2021. Maternal age had a nonlinear association with birth weight (P for nonlinear = 0.028). Gestational weeks had a masking effect on the association between maternal age and birth weight, with an effect value of -7.368. A nonlinear association was found between maternal age and macrosomia (P for nonlinear = 0.009). Maternal age increased the risk for large for gestational age (LGA) (OR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.006–1.027, P = 0.002) and preterm birth (OR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.008–1.049, P = 0.005). Conclusions: This retrospective study from south-central China indicates that pregnant women are getting older and maternal age is nonlinearly associated with birth weight, while this association is masked by gestational weeks. Advanced maternal age increases the risk for heavier birth weight-related adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly heterogeneous, and different EV subpopulations from various origins mediate different biological effects. The separation of different subpopulations of EVs from mixtures is critical but challenging. Epididymosomes are secreted by the epididymal epithelium and play a key role in sperm maturation and function. However, limited access to human epididymal tissue and epididymal fluid has hampered further study of epididymosomes and their potential clinical applications. Here, we established a novel strategy based on flow cytometry sorting to isolate human CD63‐positive epididymosomes from ejaculate. We identified CD52, a membrane‐located protein expressed exclusively in the epididymis, as the sorting marker for human epididymosomes. Then, CD63‐positive epididymosomes were isolated from human semen using a flow cytometry sorting instrument and concentrated. Additionally, we observed that isolated CD63‐positive epididymosomes improved sperm function more than other CD63‐positive seminal EV subpopulations did, demonstrating the successful isolation of a subpopulation of epididymosomes from human semen and their potential application in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tunneling characteristics at the cosmological and event horizons of Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole with a global monopole are studied by using the modified Lorentz violation scalar field equation in curved space-time. Firstly, we get the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation using the semi-classical approximation, then the Hawking radiation and thermodynamical properties of Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole with a global monopole are computed based on the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Our results show that Lorentz violation can lead to lower Hawking temperature and higher entropy of the black hole at the same time. This work improves the understanding of the physical nature of Lorentz violation in curved space-time. Key words: modified scalar field equation, Hamilton-Jacobi equation, Hawking temperature, modified entropy. Nous utilisons l'equation modifiee de champ scalaire avec violation de Lorentz dans un espace-temps courbe, afin d'etudier les caracteristiques de l'effet tunnel a l'horizon cosmologique et a l'horizon des evenements d'un trou noir de Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter (RNS) avec un monopole global. Dans un premier temps, nous obtenons l'equation modifiee de Hamilton-Jacobi par approximation semiclassique et par la suite, la radiation de Hawking et les proprietes thermodynamiques du trou noir RNS sont calculees sur la base de l'equation modifiee de Hamilton-Jacobi. Nos resultats montrent que la violation de Lorentz peut mener simultanement a une temperature de Hawking plus basse et a une entropie plus elevee. Ce travail peut ameliorer notre comprehension de la nature physique de la violation de Lorentz dans un espace-temps courbe. Mots-cles : equation de champ scalaire modifiee, equation de Hamilton-Jacobi, temperature de Hawking, entropie modifiee, trou noir., 1. Introduction Hawking radiation was discovered by Hawking in 1974 [1]. Subsequently, the tunneling method was proposed to calculate the temperature and entropy of black holes [2-10, 23, 24]. In [...]

Considering the modified Lorentz dispersion relation, combined with the Dirac equation and Rarita-Schwinger equation of fermions in stationary axisymmetric Sen black hole space-time, the fermion tunneling radiation of the black hole is modified accurately, and meaningful physical quantities such as the modified fermion tunneling rate, event horizon temperature, and entropy of the black hole are obtained. The discussion of the conclusions shows that the effect of the Lorentz dispersion relation and Lorentz violation theory on particle dynamics must be considered in curved space-time during the study of quantum theory and Hawking tunneling radiation. Key words: modification, Sen black hole, tunneling radiation, Hawking radiation, Lorentz invariance violation. Combinant la relation de dispersion de Lorentz modifiee avec les equations de Dirac et de Rarita-Schwinger pour des fermions dans un espace-temps de trou noir de Sen axisymetrique et stationnaire, nous obtenons le taux de radiation de fermions par effet tunnel, la temperature de l'horizon et l'entropie du trou noir. L'analyse des conclusions montre que les effets de la relation de dispersion de Lorentz et de la theorie de la violation de Lorentz sur la dynamique des particules, doivent etre pris en compte dans l'espace-temps courbe pendant l'etude des effets quantiques et de la radiation tunnel de Hawking. Mots-cles: modification, trou noir de Sen, radiation (par effet) tunnel, radiation de Hawking, violation de (l'invariance de) Lorentz., 1. Introduction The study of the theory of general relativity and quantum fields shows that the Lorentz relation can be modified in a high energy field and the magnitude of [...]

En 2020, China eliminó la pobreza regional general y terminó la ardua tarea de resolver el problema de la pobreza absoluta. Aunque existe un problema real persistente de pobreza relativa, el riesgo objetivo de caer en una trampa de pobreza en las regiones subdesarrolladas de China razonablemente no existe. Este artículo analiza cuatro perspectivas que sustentan tal afirmación: la institucional, la histórica, la individual y la espiritual.

Background and Aim: False positives (FPs) pose a significant challenge in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for polyp detection during colonoscopy. The study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of computer‐aided polyp detection (CADe) systems' FPs on endoscopists. Methods: The model's FPs were categorized into four gradients: 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 FPs per minute (FPPM). Fifty‐six colonoscopy videos were collected for a crossover study involving 10 endoscopists. Polyp missed rate (PMR) was set as primary outcome. Subsequently, to further verify the impact of FPPM on the assistance capability of AI in clinical environments, a secondary analysis was conducted on a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in China from July 1 to October 15, 2020, with the adenoma detection rate (ADR) as primary outcome. Results: Compared with routine group, CADe reduced PMR when FPPM was less than 5. However, with the continuous increase of FPPM, the beneficial effect of CADe gradually weakens. For secondary analysis of RCT, a total of 956 patients were enrolled. In AI‐assisted group, ADR is higher when FPPM ≤ 5 compared with FPPM > 5 (CADe group: 27.78% vs 11.90%; P = 0.014; odds ratio [OR], 0.351; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.152–0.812; COMBO group: 38.40% vs 23.46%, P = 0.029; OR, 0.427; 95% CI, 0.199–0.916). After AI intervention, ADR increased when FPPM ≤ 5 (27.78% vs 14.76%; P = 0.001; OR, 0.399; 95% CI, 0.231–0.690), but no statistically significant difference was found when FPPM > 5 (11.90% vs 14.76%, P = 0.788; OR, 1.111; 95% CI, 0.514–2.403). Conclusion: The level of FPs of CADe does affect its effectiveness as an aid to endoscopists, with its best effect when FPPM is less than 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Severe hypoglycaemia carries considerable morbidity and potential mortality. We aim to elucidate the factors which were associated with a prolonged length of stay (LOS) among patients with diabetes who were admitted to the hospital with severe hypoglycaemia. Three hundred and four patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 70.6 ± 11.3 years, mean glycated haemoglobin of 6.9 ± 1.3% and median LOS of 3 days. Patients with a LOS >3 days had significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (4.9 ± 2.1 vs 4.1 ± 2.1, P

The maintenance of genome integrity in the germline is crucial for mammalian development. Long interspersed element type 1 (LINE-1, L1) is a mobile genetic element that makes up about 17% of the human genome and poses a threat to genome integrity. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) plays an essential role in regulating various biological processes. However, the function of m6A modification in L1 retrotransposons and human germline development remains largely unknown. Here we knocked out the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 or the m6A reader YTHDF2 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and discovered that METTL3 and YTHDF2 are crucial for inducing human spermatogonial stem cells (hSSCs) from hESCs in vitro. The removal of METTL3 or YTHDF2 resulted in increased L1 retrotransposition and reduced the efficiency of SSC differentiation in vitro. Further analysis showed that YTHDF2 recognizes the METTL3-catalyzed m6A modification of L1 retrotransposons and degrades L1 mRNA through autophagy, thereby blocking L1 retrotransposition. Moreover, the study confirmed that m6A modification in human fetal germ cells promotes the degradation of L1 retrotransposon RNA, preventing the insertion of new L1 retrotransposons into the genome. Interestingly, L1 retrotransposon RNA was highly expressed while METTL3 was significantly downregulated in the seminal plasma of azoospermic patients with meiotic arrest compared to males with normal fertility. Additionally, we identified some potentially pathogenic variants in m6A-related genes in azoospermic men with meiotic arrest. In summary, our study suggests that m6A modification serves as a guardian of genome stability during human germline development and provides novel insights into the function and regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification in restricting L1 retrotransposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]