58 results on '"Tammy L. Jones-Lepp"'
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2. Analysis of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Edited by Lawrence H. Keith (Waste Policy Institute), Tammy L. Jones-Lepp (United States Environmental Protection Agency), and Larry L. Needham (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. 2000. (Distributed by Oxford University Press.) x + 174 pp. $75.00. ISBN 0-8412-3650-X
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Analysis of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors. Lawrence H. Keith, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, and Larry L. Needham, eds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000, 173 pp., $75.00. ISBN 0-8412-3650-X
- Author
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Thomas A. Gasiewicz
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business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Medicine ,Environmental media ,Environmental ethics ,business ,Chemical society - Abstract
This contribution to the American Chemical Society Symposium Series presents a collection of chapters focused on several critical issues involving endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Some of these issues include the sources of EDCs, their presence in the environment, strategies for screening by the use of bioassays, and the quantitative measurement and identification of EDCs in various environmental media. By intention, this book is not comprehensive by any means. For example, there is little discussion of the possible toxic effects on exposed organisms. Such have been presented in great detail elsewhere and would only dilute the important focus on analytical approaches. For the most part, the authors do a very credible job in succinctly presenting the historical development of the concerns, the important questions, proposed and ongoing research approaches, and, to some degree, the possible significance of these in risk assessment and regulatory policies. The initial chapter nicely presents in a very straightforward manner most of the critical policy issues …
- Published
- 2001
4. Recent Advancements in the Removal of Cyanotoxins from Water Using Conventional and Modified Adsorbents—A Contemporary Review
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Tauqeer Abbas, George William Kajjumba, Meena Ejjada, Sayeda Ummeh Masrura, Erica J. Marti, Eakalak Khan, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
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cyanotoxin removal ,biochar ,activated carbon ,molecularly imprinted polymers ,nanotubes ,chitosan ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
The prevalence of cyanobacteria is increasing in freshwaters due to climate change, eutrophication, and their ability to adapt and thrive in changing environmental conditions. In response to various environmental pressures, they produce toxins known as cyanotoxins, which impair water quality significantly. Prolonged human exposure to cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, and anatoxin through drinking water can cause severe health effects. Conventional water treatment processes are not effective in removing these cyanotoxins in water and advanced water treatment processes are often used instead. Among the advanced water treatment methods, adsorption is advantageous compared to other methods because of its affordability and design simplicity for cyanotoxins removal. This article provides a current review of recent developments in cyanotoxin removal using both conventional and modified adsorbents. Given the different cyanotoxins removal capacities and cost of conventional and modified adsorbents, a future outlook, as well as suggestions are provided to achieve optimal cyanotoxin removal through adsorption.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Combining environmental, health, and safety features with a conductor like Screening Model for selecting green solvents for antibiotic analyses
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Sayeda Ummeh Masrura, Tauqeer Abbas, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Puangrat Kaewlom, and Eakalak Khan
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Biochemistry ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Extraction and chromatographic techniques for analyzing pharmaceutically active compounds necessitate large quantities of organic solvents, resulting in a high volume of hazardous waste. The concept of green solvents focuses on protecting the environment by reducing or even eliminating the use of toxic solvents. The main objective of this critical review article is to build a framework for choosing green solvents for antibiotic analyses. The article briefly discusses the chemical properties of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, and the current state of methodologies for their analyses in water and wastewater. It evaluates the greenness of solvents used for antibiotic analyses and includes insights on the comparison between conventional and green solvents for the analyses. An economic and environmental health and safety analysis combined with a Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) molecular simulation technique for predicting extraction efficiency was used in the evaluation. Methyl acetate and propylene carbonate tied for the greenest solvents from an environmental and economic perspective, whereas the COSMO-RS approach suggests dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the most suitable candidate. Although DMSO ranked third environmentally and economically, after methyl acetate and propylene carbonate, it would be an ideal replacement of hazardous solvents if it could be manufactured at a lower cost. DMSO showed the highest extraction capacity, as it can interact with antibiotics through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. This article can be used as a green solvent selection guide for developing sustainable processes for antibiotic analyses.
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- 2022
6. Unintentional release of antibiotics associated with nutrients recovery from source-separated human urine by biochar
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Sayeda Ummeh Masrura, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul, Yong Sik Ok, Daniel C.W. Tsang, and Eakalak Khan
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Environmental Engineering ,Sewage ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Nutrients ,Pollution ,Trimethoprim ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Kinetics ,Charcoal ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Adsorption ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
The use of biochar to recover nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater especially source-separated human urine is attractive from both economic and environmental standpoints. The widespread use of pharmaceuticals has raised concerns as they are not fully metabolized and ended up in human urine. The objective of this study is to examine adsorption of antibiotics (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and tetracycline) and nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) in source-separated human urine by biochar and subsequent desorption. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using biochar prepared from oak wood (OW) and paper mill sludge (PMS) to elucidate the effects of adsorption time, pH, and adsorbent dose. The desorption of adsorbed nutrients and antibiotics was also investigated. While the nutrient adsorption was more favorable by the PMS biochar, antibiotic adsorption was more prolific by the OW biochar. Hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction were identified as potential adsorption mechanisms. Experimental results agree with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order models (except the OW biochar for the kinetics). The findings suggest that biochar can adsorb both nutrients (43.30-266.67 mg g
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- 2021
7. Heat-treated biochar impregnated with zero-valent iron nanoparticles for organic contaminants removal from aqueous phase: Material characterizations and kinetic studies
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Jee-Hwan Bae, Dong Won Chun, Jaeyun Moon, Erick R. Bandala, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, and Soroosh Mortazavian
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Zerovalent iron ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Sonication ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Nanoparticle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Chemisorption ,Biochar ,Water treatment ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon - Abstract
Biochar (BC) is an inexpensive and widely available carbon-based material with a variety of applications. Zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), on the other hand, are highly reactive species. However, agglomeration and difficulty of separation from the treated media are the major reported drawbacks associated with nZVI application for water treatment. In this study, BC was modified by a simple heat-treatment, producing hydrophilic heat-treated biochar (HBC) with enhanced absorptive features, and was impregnated with nZVI, producing BC/nZVI composite for efficient organic contaminant removal. Synthesis conditions of BC/nZVI composite were optimized by evaluating p-nitrosodimethylaniline (pNDA) bleaching efficiency of various BC/nZVI samples synthesized under different conditions of pH, ultrasonication amplitude, and iron concentration. Variously-synthesized HBCs were then used to synthesize HBC/nZVI composites, and were characterized for surface morphology, surface chemistry, and elemental composition. The best-performing HBC/nZVI for pNDA bleaching was then used for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal from water. Using HBC/nZVI or BC/nZVI composites, the pseudo-second order model fit indicated a chemisorption mechanism for organic contaminants removal. Using 250 mg L−1 of the best-performing HBC/nZVI, an 88% TCE reduction (initial concentration of 40 μg L−1) was achieved after 20 min at pH = 3.0, with a rate of 3.318 g mg−1 min−1.
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- 2019
8. Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment
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Christian G. Daughton, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Christian G. Daughton, Thomas Ternes, Alfredo C. Alder, Christa S. McArdell, Eva M. Golet, Slavica Ibric, Eva Molnar, Norriel S. Nipales, Walter Giger, Th. Heberer, B. Fuhrmann, K. Schmidt-Baumler, D. Tsipi, V. Koutsouba, A. Hiskia, Traugott Scheytt, Susan and Christian G. Daughton, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Christian G. Daughton, Thomas Ternes, Alfredo C. Alder, Christa S. McArdell, Eva M. Golet, Slavica Ibric, Eva Molnar, Norriel S. Nipales, Walter Giger, Th. Heberer, B. Fuhrmann, K. Schmidt-Baumler, D. Tsipi, V. Koutsouba, A. Hiskia, Traugott Scheytt, Susan
- Published
- 2001
9. Analysis of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors
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LAWRENCE H. KEITH, TAMMY L. JONES-LEPP, LARRY L. NEEDHAM, G. E. Timm, A. F. Maciorowski, Nigel J. Bunce, Brian J. Cox, Anthony W. Partridge, J. M. Van Emon, C. L. Gerlach, K.-L. Bowman, Timothy P. McNeal, John E. Biles, Timothy H. Begley, John C. Craun, Marvin L. Hopper, Chris A. Sack, James LeNoir and LAWRENCE H. KEITH, TAMMY L. JONES-LEPP, LARRY L. NEEDHAM, G. E. Timm, A. F. Maciorowski, Nigel J. Bunce, Brian J. Cox, Anthony W. Partridge, J. M. Van Emon, C. L. Gerlach, K.-L. Bowman, Timothy P. McNeal, John E. Biles, Timothy H. Begley, John C. Craun, Marvin L. Hopper, Chris A. Sack, James LeNoir
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- 1999
10. Novel contaminants identified in fish kills in the Red River watershed, 2011-2013
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Witold Winnik, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Don Betowski, Patrick D. DeArmond, Brian Schumacher, Wayne Sovocool, Vince Taguchi, Rick McMillin, and Chris Armstrong
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Chromatography ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Molecular mass ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Extraction (chemistry) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Contamination ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Porphyrin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ammonium hydroxide ,chemistry ,Amide ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ion cyclotron resonance ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Provisional molecular weights and chemical formulas were assigned to 4 significant previously unidentified contaminants present during active fish kills in the Red River region of Oklahoma. The provisional identifications of these contaminants were determined using high-resolution liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS), LC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICRMS), and LC-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ITMS). Environmental water samples were extracted using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, and sediment samples were extracted using a modified sonication liquid extraction method. During screening of the samples, 2 major unknown chromatographic peaks were detected at m/z 624.3 and m/z 639.3. The peak at m/z 639.3 was firmly identified, through the use of an authentic standard, as a porphyrin, specifically chlorin-e6-trimethyl ester, with m/z 639.31735 (M + H)+ and molecular formula C37 H43 N4 O6 . The other major peak, at m/z 624.3 (M + H)+ , was identified as an amide-containing porphyrin. It was discovered that the amide compound was an artifact created during the SPE process by reaction of ammonium hydroxide at 1 of 3 potential reaction sites on chlorin-e6-trimethyl ester. Other unique nontargeted chemicals were also detected and the importance of their identification is discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:336-344. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
- Published
- 2017
11. Recent Advancements in the Removal of Cyanotoxins from Water Using Conventional and Modified Adsorbents—A Contemporary Review
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Meena Ejjada, Sayeda Ummeh Masrura, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Eakalak Khan, George William Kajjumba, Erica J. Marti, and Tauqeer Abbas
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lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,Geography, Planning and Development ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,nanotubes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,Adsorption ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,biochar ,activated carbon ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,cyanotoxin removal ,Cyanotoxin ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry ,Human exposure ,molecularly imprinted polymers ,Environmental science ,Water treatment ,Cylindrospermopsin ,Water quality ,chitosan ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The prevalence of cyanobacteria is increasing in freshwaters due to climate change, eutrophication, and their ability to adapt and thrive in changing environmental conditions. In response to various environmental pressures, they produce toxins known as cyanotoxins, which impair water quality significantly. Prolonged human exposure to cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, and anatoxin through drinking water can cause severe health effects. Conventional water treatment processes are not effective in removing these cyanotoxins in water and advanced water treatment processes are often used instead. Among the advanced water treatment methods, adsorption is advantageous compared to other methods because of its affordability and design simplicity for cyanotoxins removal. This article provides a current review of recent developments in cyanotoxin removal using both conventional and modified adsorbents. Given the different cyanotoxins removal capacities and cost of conventional and modified adsorbents, a future outlook, as well as suggestions are provided to achieve optimal cyanotoxin removal through adsorption.
- Published
- 2020
12. Response to Comments for 'An Ecological Function Approach to Managing Harmful Cyanobacteria in Three Oregon Lakes: Beyond Water Quality Advisories and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)', Water 2019, 11, 1125
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Eric Wilson, Joan L. Aron, Eric S. Hall, Robert K. Hall, Sherman Swanson, Howard Kahan, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Michael J. Philbin, Daniel T. Heggem, John Lin, and Robin J. Schafer
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Biomass (ecology) ,biology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0207 environmental engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Plankton ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Algal bloom ,Zooplankton ,Fishery ,Trout ,Algae ,Forage fish ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The commenter’s key argument is that Diamond Lake’s problem is strictly one of biomass, i.e., introduction of the invasive Tui Chub fish. There are a few things to note in that respect. The Tui Chub is a bait fish. It is a lower-order prey fish for higher-order trout/salmonid species. Tui Chub is zooplanktivorous. Since the Tui Chub feed on zooplankton, if they themselves are prey for other species (or are being “culled” by artificial means), and there is no other entity to feed on the plankton and algae, the result would be a mass of plankton/algae bloom (i.e., harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This would lead to anoxic conditions in the euphotic zone, which puts even more stress on the higher-order trout/salmonid species. Our work found that the biological community (i.e., invertebrates and fish) are lagging indicators (i.e., response indicators).
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- 2019
13. Developing analytical approaches to explore the connection between endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in water to effects in fish
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Trevor Nance, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Jade Morgan, Matthew Ward, Randi Laurant Taniguchi-Fu, Lesley J. Mills, and David A. Alvarez
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Chromatography ,Aqueous solution ,Chemistry ,Fishes ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Aquatic organisms ,Z-endoxifen ,Limit of Detection ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Source water ,Aquatic environment ,Lc ms ms ,Animals ,%22">Fish ,Extraction methods ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
The emphasis of this research project was to develop and optimize a solid-phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method, such that a linkage between the detection of endocrine-active pharmaceuticals (EAPs) in the aquatic environment and subsequent effects on fish populations could eventually be studied. Four EAPs were studied: tamoxifen (TAM), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), anastrozole (ANA); and three TAM metabolites: 4-hydroxytamoxifen, e/z endoxifen, and n-desmethyl tamoxifen. In aqueous matrices, the use of isotopically labeled standards for the EAPs allowed for the generation of good recoveries, greater than 80 %, and low relative standard deviations (% RSDs) (3 to 27 %). TAM metabolites had lower recoveries in the spiked water matrices: 35 to 93 % in waste/source water compared to 58 to 110 % in DI water. The precision in DI water was acceptable ranging from 8 to 38 % RSD. However, the precision in real environmental wastewaters could be poor, ranging from 15 to 120 % RSD, dependent upon unique matrix effects. In plasma, the overall recoveries of the EAPs were acceptable: 88 to 110 %, with %RSDs of 6 to 18 % (Table 3). The spiked recoveries of the TAM metabolites from plasma were good, ranging from 77 to 120 %, with %RSDs ranging from 27 to 32 %. Two of the TAM metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and n-desmethyl tamoxifen, were confirmed in most of the environmental aqueous samples. The discovery of TAM metabolites demonstrates that the source of the TAM metabolites, TAM, is constant, introducing a pseudo-persistence of this chemical into the environment.
- Published
- 2015
14. Emerging Contaminant Sources and Fate in Recharged Treated Wastewater, Lake Havasu City, Arizona
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Tammy L. Jones-Lepp and Doyle C. Wilson
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Hydrology ,geography ,Environmental Engineering ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Aquifer ,Groundwater recharge ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Injection well ,Groundwater ,Water well - Abstract
In 2008, Lake Havasu City, Arizona, began a treated wastewater subsurface recharge program at its North Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (NRP) to store treated wastewater, which is planned to be seasonally recovered for irrigation during the summer months. As a proactive measure, the city decided to monitor a suite of pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants (PECs) along with required regulatory constituents, e.g., nitrate. Potential contributing sources of PECs throughout the water system were identified, resulting in only six constituents detected in the untreated drinking water and treated drinking water, all at concentrations less than 50 ng/L. Thirty-three of 40 PECs analyzed were identified in the city9s treated wastewater streams, with concentrations ranging from just above the detection level to 9000 ng/L (pseudoephedrine), clearly showing the dominating local urban use of these compounds. NRP treated wastewater is recharged via vadose zone injection wells. It migrates through alluvial fans sediments, some containing interstitial clays, forming a water mound and blending with groundwater of the Colorado River Aquifer. Sixteen of 33 PECs present in the NRP treated wastewater have concentrations above detection limits (>10 ng/L) within 150 m (492 ft) of the injection wells. Six PECs (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, primidone, phenytoin, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide [DEET], and meprobamate) remained above their respective detection limit in monitoring wells that penetrate sediments largely free of clay more than 560 m (1,840 ft) away from the injection wells.
- Published
- 2013
15. Hydrodynamic Chromatography Online with Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Ultratrace Detection of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles
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Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Edward M. Heithmar, and Spiros A. Pergantis
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Range (particle radiation) ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Analytical technique ,Analytical chemistry ,Nanoparticle ,Analytical Chemistry ,Characterization (materials science) ,Metal ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Particle ,Mass fraction ,Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) determination has recently gained considerable interest since a growing number of engineered NPs are being used in commercial products. As a result, their potential to enter the environment and biological systems is increasing. In this study, we report on the development of a hyphenated analytical technique for the detection and characterization of metal-containing NPs, i.e., their metal mass fraction, size, and number concentration. Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), suitable for sizing NPs within the range of 5 to 300 nm, was coupled online to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), providing for an extremely selective and sensitive analytical tool for the detection of NPs. However, a serious drawback when operating the ICPMS in its conventional mode is that it does not provide data regarding NP number concentrations and, thus, any information about the metal mass fraction of individual NPs. To address this limitation, we developed single particle (SP) ICPMS coupled online to HDC as an analytical approach suitable for simultaneously determining NP size, NP number concentration, and NP metal content. Gold (Au) NPs of various sizes were used as the model system. To achieve such characterization metrics, three calibrations were required and used to convert ICPMS signal spikes into NPs injected, NP retention time on the HDC column to NP size, and ions detected per signal spike or per NP to metal content in each NP. Two calibration experiments were required in order to make all three calibrations. Also, contour plots were constructed in order to provide for a convenient and most informative viewing of this data. An example of this novel analytical approach was demonstrated for the analysis of Au NPs that had been spiked into drinking water at the ng Au L(-1) level. The described technique gave limits of detection for 60 nm Au NPs of approximately 2.2 ng Au L(-1) or expressed in terms of NP number concentrations of 600 Au NPs mL(-1). These were obtained while the 60 nm NPs exhibited a retention time of 771 s at a mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL min(-1).
- Published
- 2012
16. Bottom sediment as a source of organic contaminants in Lake Mead, Nevada, USA
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Michael R. Rosen, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, David A. Alvarez, Stephanie D. Perkins, Walter L. Cranor, and Vickie L. Schroeder
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Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Permeability ,Sink (geography) ,Water column ,Insect repellants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic Chemicals ,Effluent ,Chemical composition ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental engineering ,Membranes, Artificial ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Lakes ,Wastewater ,Environmental science ,Bay ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Nevada - Abstract
Treated wastewater effluent from Las Vegas, Nevada and surrounding communities' flow through Las Vegas Wash (LVW) into the Lake Mead National Recreational Area at Las Vegas Bay (LVB). Lake sediment is a likely sink for many hydrophobic synthetic organic compounds (SOCs); however, partitioning between the sediment and the overlying water could result in the sediment acting as a secondary contaminant source. Locating the chemical plumes may be important to understanding possible chemical stressors to aquatic organisms. Passive sampling devices (SPMDs and POCIS) were suspended in LVB at depths of 3.0, 4.7, and 6.7 (lake bottom) meters in June of 2008 to determine the vertical distribution of SOCs in the water column. A custom sediment probe was used to also bury the samplers in the sediment at depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30cm. The greatest number of detections in samplers buried in the sediment was at the 0-10cm depth. Concentrations of many hydrophobic SOCs were twice as high at the sediment-water interface than in the mid and upper water column. Many SOCs related to wastewater effluents, including fragrances, insect repellants, sun block agents, and phosphate flame retardants, were found at highest concentrations in the middle and upper water column. There was evidence to suggest that the water infiltrated into the sediment had a different chemical composition than the rest of the water column and could be a potential risk exposure to bottom-dwelling aquatic organisms.
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- 2012
17. Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States
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Charles A. Sanchez, David A. Alvarez, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Doyle C. Wilson, and Randi Laurant Taniguchi-Fu
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Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Empirical data ,Environmental Engineering ,Drainage basin ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Rivers ,Source water ,Tributary ,Environmental monitoring ,Southwestern United States ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Illicit Drugs ,Solid Phase Extraction ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Arid ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Environmental science ,Seasons ,Surface water ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
article i nfo Emerging contaminants (ECs) (e.g., pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products) have been detected in waters across the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate point sources of ECs along the Colorado River, from the headwaters in Colorado to the Gulf of California. At selected locations in the Colorado River Basin (sites in Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and California), waste stream tributaries and receiving surface waters were sampled using either grab sampling or polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). The grab sam- ples were extracted using solid-phase cartridge extraction (SPE), and the POCIS sorbents were transferred into empty SPEs and eluted with methanol. All extracts were prepared for, and analyzed by, liquid chromatography- electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS). Log DOW values were calculated for all ECs in the study and compared to the empirical data collected. POCIS extracts were screened for the presence of estrogenic chemi- cals using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. Extracts from the 2008 POCIS deployment in the Las Vegas Wash showed the second highest estrogenicity response.In the grab samples, azithromycin (an antibiotic) was detected in all but one urban waste stream, with concentrations ranging from 30 ng/L to 2800 ng/L. Concentration levels of azithromycin, methamphetamine and pseudoephedrine showed temporal variation from the Tucson WWTP. Those ECs that were detected in the main surface water channels (those that are diverted for urban use and irriga- tion along the Colorado River) were in the region of the limit-of-detection (e.g.,10 ng/L), but most were below de- tection limits. Published by Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2012
18. New applications of LC–MS and LC–MS2 toward understanding the environmental fate of organometallics
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Tammy L. Jones-Lepp and Georges-Marie Momplaisir
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Environmental effect ,Chromatographic separation ,Chemistry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental behavior ,Trace element ,Mass spectrometry ,Mass spectrometric ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry ,Group 2 organometallic chemistry - Abstract
Over the last 40 years, many organometallic compounds have been synthesized and used in a variety of consumer, agricultural, and industrial products. Including wastewater effluents, leaching, and direct land and water applications, there are many pathways that can disperse organometallics to the environment. Many of these compounds reach environmental compartments unchanged while others are transformed into chemical entities having different availability or toxicity to living organisms. Differences in the toxicological, biochemical, and environmental behavior of the various chemical forms of a trace element often make the determination of the total element concentration inadequate. Considerable analytical progress in organometallic speciation has been made over the past decade, when hyphenated techniques involving highly efficient separation and sensitive detection have become the techniques of choice. Methods based on liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection have revealed new organometallic compounds in environmental and biological matrices, contributing to a better understanding of biological effects and environmental fate of organometallics. This article surveys recent applications of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (LC–MS2) for the determination of organometallic compounds in environmental matrices.
- Published
- 2005
19. A holistic passive integrative sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential impacts of waterborne environmental contaminants
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A.C Rastall, Robert W. Gale, William G. Brumbaugh, David A. Alvarez, T.J Leiker, Edward T. Furlong, Jimmie D. Petty, Walter L. Cranor, Colleen E. Rostad, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, and James N. Huckins
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Quality Control ,Missouri ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,Specimen Handling ,Mercury (element) ,Polar organic chemical integrative sampler ,Wastewater ,chemistry ,Water Supply ,Constructed wetland ,Environmental Chemistry ,Chemcatcher ,Environmental science ,Water pollution ,Effluent ,Surface water ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
As an integral part of our continuing research in environmental quality assessment approaches, we have developed a variety of passive integrative sampling devices widely applicable for use in defining the presence and potential impacts of a broad array of contaminants. The semipermeable membrane device has gained widespread use for sampling hydrophobic chemicals from water and air, the polar organic chemical integrative sampler is applicable for sequestering waterborne hydrophilic organic chemicals, the stabilized liquid membrane device is used to integratively sample waterborne ionic metals, and the passive integrative mercury sampler is applicable for sampling vapor phase or dissolved neutral mercury species. This suite of integrative samplers forms the basis for a new passive sampling approach for assessing the presence and potential toxicological significance of a broad spectrum of environmental contaminants. In a proof-of-concept study, three of our four passive integrative samplers were used to assess the presence of a wide variety of contaminants in the waters of a constructed wetland, and to determine the effectiveness of the constructed wetland in removing contaminants. The wetland is used for final polishing of secondary-treatment municipal wastewater and the effluent is used as a source of water for a state wildlife area. Numerous contaminants, including organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphate pesticides, and pharmaceutical chemicals (e.g., ibuprofen, oxindole, etc.) were detected in the wastewater. Herein we summarize the results of the analysis of the field-deployed samplers and demonstrate the utility of this holistic approach.
- Published
- 2004
20. Monitoring Dibutyltin and Triphenyltin in Fresh Waters and Fish in the United States Using Micro-Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
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Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, D. Heggem, and Katrina E. Varner
- Subjects
Electrospray ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ion chromatography ,Toxicology ,Mass spectrometry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Organotin Compounds ,Animals ,Ecotoxicology ,Tissue Distribution ,Water pollution ,media_common ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Fishes ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,Pollution ,United States ,Speciation ,Environmental chemistry ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that toxic organotins are making their way into terrestrial and aquatic mammals including humans. In the United States, one possible route of environmental exposure to organotins (specifically dibutyltin and triphenyltin) is via fresh surface waters and fish taken from those waters. A unique methodology was used for quantitative and speciation of the organotins. This green-chemistry method combines two extraction techniques (solid-phase extraction for waters; hexane/tropolone extraction for fish) with micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry (micro-LC-ES/ITMS) as the detection method. A small survey looking for organotins in fresh surface waters across the United States, and fish from those waters, was conducted. Various concentrations of dibutyltin and triphenyltin were detected in fresh water, ranging from nondetect to 2 ppb, and nondetect to 6 ppb, respectively. In fish dibutyltin and triphenyltin were detected from nondetect to 200 ppb, and nondetect to 400 ppb, respectively.
- Published
- 2004
21. Preface
- Author
-
Christian G. Daughton and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Published
- 2001
22. Speciation and detection of organotins from PVC pipe by micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry
- Author
-
Katrina E. Varner, B. A. Hilton, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Electrospray ,Polyvinyl chloride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,chemistry ,Drop (liquid) ,Plastic pipework ,General Chemistry ,Ion trap ,Leachate ,Mass spectrometry ,High-performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
This paper describes the application of a micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (μ-LC-ES-ITMS) method for separation and detection of organotin compounds leached from potable-water polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Dibutyltin (DBT) is added as a heat stabilizer to PVC. DBT was determined in 11 water samples that had remained static in PVC pipes over several days (totaling 96 h). Other organotin compounds in the leachate were screened for, by using μ-LC-ES-ITMS. An initial level of approximately 1 μgl -1 of DBT resulted within 24 h, with a subsequent drop and then a rise in DBT levels over the next 96 h to 0.8 μgl -1 . Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2001
23. The power of analytical methods for measuring suspected endocrine disrupting compounds: a pilot field study
- Author
-
Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,business.industry ,Scale (chemistry) ,Environmental resource management ,Geological survey ,Sampling (statistics) ,Environmental science ,%22">Fish ,business ,Spectroscopy ,Field (geography) ,Agricultural crops ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
International awareness of the potential hazards posed by endocrine disrupting compounds has led to several programs to optimize the selection, sampling, and analysis of a wide variety of media. The interpretation of analytical results and any subsequent regulatory changes can only be as reliable as the weakest link in the protocol. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently engaged in a multi-disciplinary project to ensure that the analytical methods used are sufficient for the task. The Neuse River in North Carolina was chosen for a pilot study because of its geographic scale, contaminant spectrum, and potential for human and ecological exposure. Methods are being developed or modified for the study. Samples taken in 1998 are being analyzed to determine contaminant levels, compare analytical method results, build a working database, and observe any correlation among analyte groups. Samples include water, sediment, soil, fish, clams, mammals, and certain agricultural crops. This ambitious research project is a concerted effort of the EPA Office of Research and Development and the United States Geological Survey. It combines technological innovation, biological interpretation, and data analysis to strengthen the analytical protocol used to measure trace contaminants in various environmental matrices.
- Published
- 2000
24. Determination of organotins in water by micro liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry
- Author
-
Mark McDaniel, Katrina E. Varner, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, and Lee A. Riddick
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Electrospray ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,chemistry ,Sample preparation ,General Chemistry ,Ion trap ,Solid phase extraction ,Mass spectrometry ,Derivatization ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Quantitative analysis (chemistry) - Abstract
Due to the varying toxicity the species of organotins in their widespread applications, it is important for analytical methods to address their speciation. Traditional methods call for the hydrolysis and subsequent derivatization of the organotins before analysis. These methods can be time-consuming, derivatization can be incomplete and high levels of background interference produce difficulties in identification and quantification. The use is described of a non-derivatization and non-hydrolysis micro-liquid chromatography–electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry for separation and detection of the organotins. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 1999
25. ChemInform Abstract: On the Frontier: Analytical Chemistry and the Occurrence of Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters in the United States
- Author
-
David A. Alvarez, Bommanna G. Loganathan, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Frontier ,Chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Analytical Chemistry (journal) ,General Medicine - Published
- 2012
26. On the Frontier: Analytical Chemistry and the Occurrence of Illicit Drugs into Surface Waters in the United States
- Author
-
David A. Alvarez, Bommanna G. Loganathan, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Frontier ,Earth science ,Environmental science ,Analytical Chemistry (journal) - Published
- 2011
27. Method development and application to determine potential plant uptake of antibiotics and other drugs in irrigated crop production systems
- Author
-
Charles A. Sanchez, Reza Kazemi, Thomas W. Moy, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Irrigation ,Agricultural chemistry ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Greenhouse ,General Chemistry ,Chemical Fractionation ,Mass Spectrometry ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Crop ,Food chain ,Wastewater ,Agronomy ,Environmental chemistry ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Effluent ,Groundwater ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Studies have shown the detection of emerging contaminants (ECs), of which pharmaceuticals are a subset, in surface waters across the United States. The objective of this study was to develop methods, and apply them, to evaluate the potential for food chain transfer when EC-containing waters are used for crop irrigation. Greenhouse experiments were performed in which select food crops were irrigated with water spiked with three antibiotics. Field experiments, at two different sites, were conducted. Select crops were irrigated with wastewater effluent known to contain ECs, EC-free well water, and Colorado River water containing trace-level ECs. The results of the greenhouse studies show the potential for uptake of one or more of the antibiotics evaluated, albeit at very low levels. In those food crops watered with wastewater effluent, only an industrial flavoring agent, N,N'-dimethylphenethylamine (DMPEA), was consistently found. None of the evaluated contaminants were found in crops irrigated with Colorado River water.
- Published
- 2010
28. Neurotoxicity of dibutyltin in aggregating brain cell cultures
- Author
-
Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Florianne Monnet-Tschudi, J. M. Matthieu, Paul Honegger, Chantra Eskes, and K Varner
- Subjects
Interneuron ,Chemistry ,Neurotoxicity ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Oligodendrocyte ,Myelin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Gliosis ,Cell culture ,medicine ,Cholinergic neuron ,medicine.symptom ,Astrocyte - Abstract
Dibutyltin (DBT) compounds are used primarily as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Small quantities can be released from PVC containers into stored liquids. The neurotoxicological potential of DBT was tested in aggregating brain cell cultures after a 10-day treatment with concentrations ranging from 10−10 to 10−6 m , either during an early developmental period, or during a phase of advanced maturation. Changes in protein content, DNA labelling and cell type-specific enzyme activities were measured as end points. DBT caused general cytotoxicity at 10−6 m in both immature and differentiated cultures. At 10−7 m , it affected the myelin content and the cholinergic neurons in both states of maturation, while GABAergic neurons remained unchanged. Astrocyte and oligodendrocyte markers were diminished at 10−7 m of DBT exclusively in immature cultures. DBT uptake by undifferentiated and differentiated cells was similar at this concentration. Whereas trimethyltin (TMT) is known to induce gliosis and triethyltin (TET) to cause demyelination and affect GABAergic neurons, DBT appeared to be more toxic than TMT, and to present a distinct toxicological pattern.
- Published
- 2010
29. Pharmaceuticals and Hormones in the Environment
- Author
-
Angela L. Batt, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Brian Carl Englert, and David A. Alvarez
- Subjects
Environmental issue ,Chemistry ,Environmental engineering ,Sewage treatment ,Biochemical engineering ,Environmental exposure ,Aquatic organisms - Abstract
Some of the earliest initial reports from Europe and the United States demonstrated that a variety of pharmaceuticals and hormones could be found in surface waters, source waters, drinking water, and influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is unknown though, at this time, what ecotoxicological effects can be had from pharmaceuticals and hormones that are essentially designed for one purpose (e.g., treatment of human and domestic livestock for illness and disease) and their possible adverse effects on terrestrial wildlife, aquatic organisms, bacteria, and ultimately humans, through unintentional environmental exposure. One of the challenges the analytical chemistry community faces is the development of robust and standardized analytical methods and technologies that can easily be transferred to laboratories worldwide. While today's analysts can detect picograms per liter and nanograms per liter concentrations of numerous pharmaceuticals, hormones, and their metabolites, in a variety of environmental matrices, there are still analytical gaps that are necessary to fill. We hope that this article will add to the body of knowledge of environmental analytical chemistry techniques regarding pharmaceuticals and hormones, giving environmental scientists a good overview of those analytical techniques that are currently available, and where possible, of improvements and new methodologies that can be developed in support of this important, and relevant, environmental issue. Keywords: environmental chemistry; pharmaceuticals; hormones; analytical chemistry; solid-phase extraction; sampling; mass spectrometry; pressurized liquid extraction; green chemistry
- Published
- 2009
30. Contamination profiles and mass loadings of macrolide antibiotics and illicit drugs from a small urban wastewater treatment plant
- Author
-
Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Malia Phillips, Bommanna G. Loganathan, and Holly Mowery
- Subjects
Drug ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Environmental Engineering ,medicine.drug_class ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sewage ,Industrial Waste ,Azithromycin ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Macrolide Antibiotics ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Urobilin ,media_common ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Illicit Drugs ,Roxithromycin ,Solid Phase Extraction ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Wastewater ,Environmental chemistry ,Sewage treatment ,Macrolides ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,medicine.drug ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Information is limited regarding sources, distribution, environmental behavior, and fate of prescribed and illicit drugs. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can be one of the sources of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP) into streams, rivers and lakes. The objective of this study was to determine the contamination profiles and mass loadings of urobilin (a chemical marker of human waste), macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin), and two drugs of abuse (methamphetamine and ecstasy), from a small (19 mega liters day(-1), equivalent to5 million gallons per day) wastewater treatment plant in southwestern Kentucky. The concentrations of azithromycin, clarithromycin, methamphetamine and ecstasy in wastewater samples varied widely, ranging from non-detects to 300 ng L(-1). Among the macrolide antibiotics analyzed, azithromycin was consistently detected in influent and effluent samples. In general, influent samples contained relatively higher concentrations of the analytes than the effluents. Based on the daily flow rates and an average concentration of 17.5 ng L(-1) in the effluent, the estimated discharge of azithromycin was 200 mg day(-1) (range 63-400 mg day(-1)). Removal efficiency of the detected analytes from this WWTP were in the following order: urobilinmethamphetamineazithromycin with percentages of removal of 99.9%, 54.5% and 47%, respectively, indicating that the azithromycin and methamphetamine are relatively more recalcitrant than others and have potential for entering receiving waters.
- Published
- 2008
31. Chapter 8 Tool for monitoring hydrophilic contaminants in water: polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)
- Author
-
Anthony Gravell, Jimmie D. Petty, James N. Huckins, Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, Dominic T. Getting, Jon P. Goddard, David A. Alvarez, and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Polar organic chemical integrative sampler ,Brackish water ,Environmental chemistry ,fungi ,Environmental science ,Contamination ,Organism ,Field conditions - Abstract
Publisher Summary The development of the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) provides environmental scientists and policy makers a tool for assessing the presence and potential impacts of the hydrophilic component of these organic contaminants. The POCIS provides a means for determining the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of targeted chemicals that can be used in risk assessments to determine the biological impact of hydrophilic organic compounds (HpOCs) on the health of the impacted ecosystem. Field studies have shown that the POCIS has advantages over traditional sampling methods in sequestering and concentrating ultra-trace to trace levels of chemicals over time resulting in increased method sensitivity, ability to detect chemicals with a relatively short residence time or variable concentrations in the water, and simplicity in use. POCIS extracts can be tested using bioassays and can be used in organism dosing experiments for determining toxicological significance of the complex mixture of chemicals sampled. The POCIS has been successfully used worldwide under various field conditions ranging from stagnant ponds to shallow creeks to major river systems in both fresh and brackish water.
- Published
- 2007
32. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids/sewage sludge: the interface between analytical chemistry and regulation
- Author
-
Rick Stevens and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Biosolids ,Sewage ,Biochemistry ,Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Analytical Chemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,European Union ,Sewage sludge ,Waste management ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Hygiene ,General Medicine ,Human waste ,United States ,Soil conditioner ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Chemical constituents ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Sewage sludge treatment ,Sewage treatment ,business ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Modern sanitary practices result in large volumes of human waste, as well as domestic and industrial sewage, being collected and treated at common collection points, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In recognition of the growing use of sewage sludge as fertilizers and soil amendments, and the scarcity of current data regarding the chemical constituents in sewage sludge, the US National Research Council (NRC) in 2002 produced a report on sewage sludge. Among the NRC’s recommendations was the need for investigating the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge. PPCPs are a diverse array of non-regulated contaminants that had not been studied in previous sewage sludge surveys but which are likely to be present. The focus of this paper will be to review the current analytical methodologies available for investigating whether pharmaceuticals are present in WWTP-produced sewage sludge, to summarize current regulatory practices regarding sewage sludge, and to report on the presence of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge.
- Published
- 2006
33. Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments
- Author
-
Jimmie D. Petty, James N. Huckins, Stanley E. Manahan, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp, Jon P. Goddard, Dominic T. Getting, and David A. Alvarez
- Subjects
In situ ,Geography ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Marine Biology ,Hazard analysis ,Pesticide ,Contamination ,Risk Assessment ,United Kingdom ,Specimen Handling ,Polar organic chemical integrative sampler ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecotoxicology ,Chemcatcher ,Organic Chemicals ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Increasingly it is being realized that a holistic hazard assessment of complex environmental contaminant mixtures requires data on the concentrations of hydrophilic organic contaminants including new generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and many chemicals associated with household, industrial, and agricultural wastes. To address this issue, we developed a passive in situ sampling device (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]) that integratively concentrates trace levels of complex mixtures of hydrophilic environmental contaminants, enables the determination of their time-weighted average water concentrations, and provides a method of estimating the potential exposure of aquatic organisms to the complex mixture of waterborne contaminants. Using a prototype sampler, linear uptake of selected herbicides and pharmaceuticals with log K(ow)s < 4.0 was observed for up to 56 d. Estimation of the ambient water concentrations of chemicals of interest is achieved by using appropriate uptake models and determination of POCIS sampling rates for appropriate exposure conditions. Use of POCIS in field validation studies targeting the herbicide diuron in the United Kingdom resulted in the detection of the chemical at estimated concentrations of 190 to 600 ng/L. These values are in agreement with reported levels found in traditional grab samples taken concurrently.
- Published
- 2004
34. Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment
- Author
-
Christian G. Daughton and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Body of knowledge ,Personal care ,business.industry ,Environmental monitoring ,Environmental resource management ,Environmental science ,Environmental impact assessment ,Risk assessment ,business ,Environmental planning ,Local community - Abstract
This volume breaks new ground in applying the current body of knowledge in the study of pharmaceauticals, personal care products and their environmental impact to the assessment of the magnitude and extent of the use of illicit drugs at the local community level. It offers new insights on the use of environmental monitoring and includes discussion on waste treatment, ecotoxicological issues, and risk assessment.
- Published
- 2001
35. Preface
- Author
-
LAWRENCE H. KEITH, TAMMY L. JONES-LEPP, and LARRY L. NEEDHAM
- Published
- 1999
36. Chemical markers of human waste contamination: Analysis of urobilin and pharmaceuticals in source waters
- Author
-
Tammy L. Jones-Lepp
- Subjects
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hemoglobin breakdown ,General Medicine ,Urine ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Contamination ,Biology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Human waste ,Feces ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical marker ,New england ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Calibration ,Humans ,Urobilin ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - Abstract
Giving public water authorities another tool to monitor and measure levels of human waste contamination of waters simply and rapidly would enhance public protection. Most of the methods used today detect such contamination by quantifying microbes occurring in feces in high enough densities that they can be measured easily. However, most of these microbes, for example E. coli, do not serve as specific markers for any one host species and many can have origins other than feces. As an alternative, chemicals shed in feces and urine might be used to detect human waste contamination of environmental waters. One potential chemical marker of human waste is the compound urobilin. Urobilin is one of the final by-products of hemoglobin breakdown. Urobilin is excreted in both the urine and feces from many mammals, particularly humans. Source waters from 21 sites in New England, Nevada, and Michigan were extracted using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS). As a marker of human waste, urobilin was detected in many of the source waters at concentrations ranging from not detectable to 300 ng L(-1). Besides urobilin, azithromycin, an antibiotic widely prescribed for human use only in the US, was also detected in many of these waters, with concentrations ranging from not detectable to 77 ng L(-1). This methodology, using both urobilin and azithromycin (or any other human-use pharmaceutical) could be used to give public water authorities a definitive method for tracing the sources of human waste contamination. The analysis and detection of urobilin in surface waters by HPLC-ES-MS has not been previously reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
- Published
- 2006
37. Novel contaminants identified in fish kills in the Red River watershed, 2011–2013.
- Author
-
Jones‐Lepp, Tammy L., Taguchi, Vince, Sovocool, Wayne, Betowski, Don, DeArmond, Patrick, Schumacher, Brian, Winnik, Witold, McMillin, Rick, and Armstrong, Chris
- Subjects
WATER pollution ,FISH kills ,MOLECULAR weights ,SOLID phase extraction ,PORPHYRINS ,AMMONIUM hydroxide - Abstract
Abstract: Provisional molecular weights and chemical formulas were assigned to 4 significant previously unidentified contaminants present during active fish kills in the Red River region of Oklahoma. The provisional identifications of these contaminants were determined using high‐resolution liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐TOFMS), LC‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC‐FTICRMS), and LC‐ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐ITMS). Environmental water samples were extracted using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method, and sediment samples were extracted using a modified sonication liquid extraction method. During screening of the samples, 2 major unknown chromatographic peaks were detected at
m/z 624.3 andm/z 639.3. The peak atm/z 639.3 was firmly identified, through the use of an authentic standard, as a porphyrin, specifically chlorin‐e6‐trimethyl ester, withm/z 639.31735 (M + H)+ and molecular formula C37 H43 N4 O6 . The other major peak, atm/z 624.3 (M + H)+ , was identified as an amide‐containing porphyrin. It was discovered that the amide compound was an artifact created during the SPE process by reaction of ammonium hydroxide at 1 of 3 potential reaction sites on chlorin‐e6‐trimethyl ester. Other unique nontargeted chemicals were also detected and the importance of their identification is discussed.Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:336–344. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Findings in Antibiotics Reported from University of Nevada (Combining Environmental, Health, and Safety Features With a Conductor Like Screening Model for Selecting Green Solvents for Antibiotic Analyses).
- Subjects
SOLVENT analysis ,ANTIBIOTICS ,PROPYLENE carbonate ,DRUG therapy ,DIMETHYL sulfoxide - Abstract
Keywords: Las Vegas; State:Nevada; United States; North and Central America; Antibacterials; Antibiotics; Antimicrobials; Drugs and Therapies; Environment; Environmental Health; Health and Medicine EN Las Vegas State:Nevada United States North and Central America Antibacterials Antibiotics Antimicrobials Drugs and Therapies Environment Environmental Health Health and Medicine 705 705 1 03/27/23 20230331 NES 230331 2023 MAR 31 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- A new study on Drugs and Therapies - Antibiotics is now available. For more information on this research see: Combining Environmental, Health, and Safety Features With a Conductor Like Screening Model for Selecting Green Solvents for Antibiotic Analyses. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
39. Developing analytical approaches to explore the connection between endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in water to effects in fish.
- Author
-
Jones-Lepp, Tammy, Taniguchi-Fu, Randi, Morgan, Jade, Nance, Trevor, Ward, Matthew, Alvarez, David, and Mills, Lesley
- Subjects
WATER analysis ,SOLID phase extraction ,AROMATASE inhibitors ,EFFECT of drugs on fishes ,ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry ,ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry - Abstract
The emphasis of this research project was to develop and optimize a solid-phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method, such that a linkage between the detection of endocrine-active pharmaceuticals (EAPs) in the aquatic environment and subsequent effects on fish populations could eventually be studied. Four EAPs were studied: tamoxifen (TAM), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), anastrozole (ANA); and three TAM metabolites: 4-hydroxytamoxifen, e/z endoxifen, and n-desmethyl tamoxifen. In aqueous matrices, the use of isotopically labeled standards for the EAPs allowed for the generation of good recoveries, greater than 80 %, and low relative standard deviations (% RSDs) (3 to 27 %). TAM metabolites had lower recoveries in the spiked water matrices: 35 to 93 % in waste/source water compared to 58 to 110 % in DI water. The precision in DI water was acceptable ranging from 8 to 38 % RSD. However, the precision in real environmental wastewaters could be poor, ranging from 15 to 120 % RSD, dependent upon unique matrix effects. In plasma, the overall recoveries of the EAPs were acceptable: 88 to 110 %, with %RSDs of 6 to 18 % (Table 3). The spiked recoveries of the TAM metabolites from plasma were good, ranging from 77 to 120 %, with %RSDs ranging from 27 to 32 %. Two of the TAM metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and n-desmethyl tamoxifen, were confirmed in most of the environmental aqueous samples. The discovery of TAM metabolites demonstrates that the source of the TAM metabolites, TAM, is constant, introducing a pseudo-persistence of this chemical into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Using Emerging Pollution Tracking Methods to Address the Downstream Impacts of Factory Farm Animal Welfare Abuse.
- Author
-
HEINZEN, TARAH and RUSS, ABEL
- Abstract
The article focuses on the use of emerging pollution tracking methods to deal with the impacts of animal welfare abuse in concentrated animal feeding operations or animal farms. Topics discussed include the concept of factory farming, several toxic pollutants including pharmaceuticals, hormones and heavy metals contained in the CAFO manure, the role of factory farms in increasing water pollution. It mentions the environmental, animal welfare, and public health threats of factory farming, the use of antibiotics to enhance livestock growth and pollution control laws.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Problem of Pharmaceuticals in Our Nation's Waters.
- Author
-
Leitman, Melanie
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. DEVELOPMENT OF A PASSIVE, IN SITU, INTEGRATIVE SAMPLER FOR HYDROPHILIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.
- Author
-
Alvarez, David A., Petty, Jimmie D., Huckins, James N., Jones-Lepp, Tammy L., Getting, Dominic T., Goddard, Jon P., and Manahan, Stanley E.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment ,POLLUTANTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology ,PESTICIDES ,CHEMICALS - Abstract
Increasingly it is being realized that a holistic hazard assessment of complex environmental contaminant mixtures requires data on the concentrations of hydrophilic organic contaminants including new generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and many chemicals associated with household, industrial, and agricultural wastes. To address this issue, we developed a passive in situ sampling device (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler [POCIS]) that integratively concentrates trace levels of complex mixtures of hydrophilic environmental contaminants, enables the determination of their timeweighted average water concentrations, and provides a method of estimating the potential exposure of aquatic organisms to the complex mixture of waterborne contaminants. Using a prototype sampler, linear uptake of selected herbicides and pharmaceuticals with log K
ow s <, 4.0 was observed for up to 56 d. Estimation of the ambient water concentrations of chemicals of interest is achieved by using appropriate uptake models and determination of POCIS sampling rates for appropriate exposure conditions. Use of POCIS in field validation studies targeting the herbicide diuron in the United Kingdom resulted in the detection of the chemical at estimated concentrations of 190 to 600 ng/L. These values are in agreement with reported levels found in traditional grab samples taken concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Determination of organotins in water by micro liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry.
- Author
-
Jones-Lepp, Tammy L., Varner, Katrina E., McDaniel, Mark, and Riddick, Lee
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recent Advancements in the Removal of Cyanotoxins from Water Using Conventional and Modified Adsorbents—A Contemporary Review.
- Author
-
Abbas, Tauqeer, Kajjumba, George William, Ejjada, Meena, Masrura, Sayeda Ummeh, Marti, Erica J., Khan, Eakalak, and Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.
- Subjects
CYANOBACTERIAL toxins ,WATER use ,SORBENTS ,WATER purification ,DRINKING water ,WATER quality - Abstract
The prevalence of cyanobacteria is increasing in freshwaters due to climate change, eutrophication, and their ability to adapt and thrive in changing environmental conditions. In response to various environmental pressures, they produce toxins known as cyanotoxins, which impair water quality significantly. Prolonged human exposure to cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, and anatoxin through drinking water can cause severe health effects. Conventional water treatment processes are not effective in removing these cyanotoxins in water and advanced water treatment processes are often used instead. Among the advanced water treatment methods, adsorption is advantageous compared to other methods because of its affordability and design simplicity for cyanotoxins removal. This article provides a current review of recent developments in cyanotoxin removal using both conventional and modified adsorbents. Given the different cyanotoxins removal capacities and cost of conventional and modified adsorbents, a future outlook, as well as suggestions are provided to achieve optimal cyanotoxin removal through adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Water Quality Concepts, Sampling, and Analyses
- Author
-
Kati W. Migliaccio and Yuncong Li
- Subjects
Water resources ,Hydrology ,Policy development ,Laboratory methods ,Groundwater sampling ,Surface water quality ,Sampling (statistics) ,Environmental science ,Statistical analysis ,Water quality ,Archaeology - Abstract
Introduction, Yuncong Li and Kati W. Migliaccio Water Quality Regulations and Policy Development, Kati W. Migliaccio and Mary Jane Angelo Water Quality Standards: Designated Uses and Numeric Criteria Development, Brian E. Haggard and J. Thad Scott Project Planning and Quality System Implementation for Water Quality Sampling Programs, Delia Ivanoff Surface Water Quality Sampling in Streams and Canals, Kati W. Migliaccio, Daren Harmel, and Peter C. Smiley, Jr. Groundwater Sampling, Qingren Wang, Rafael Munoz-Carpena, Adam Foster, and Kati W. Migliaccio Sampling Pore Water from Soil and Sediment, Yuncong Li, Kati W. Migliaccio, Meifang Zhou, and Nicholas Kiggundu Field Measurements, David Struve and Meifang Zhou Laboratory Qualifications for Water Quality Monitoring, Yuncong Li, Meifang Zhou, and Jianqiang Zhao Laboratory Analyses, Yuncong Li, Renuka R. Mathur, and Lena Q. Ma Sampling and Analysis of Emerging Pollutants, David A. Alvarez and Tammy L. Jones-Lepp Uncertainty in Measured Water Quality Data, Daren Harmel, Patricia Smith, and Kati W. Migliaccio Water Quality Statistical Analysis, Kati W. Migliaccio, Joffre Castro, and Brian E. Haggard Examples of Water Quality Monitoring, Qingren Wang and Yuncong Li Training Video for Water Quality Sampling and Analysis, Pamela J. Fletcher and Sapna Mulki
- Published
- 2010
46. A Taste of Endocrine Disruptors (Book).
- Author
-
Furlong, Edward T.
- Subjects
- *
ANALYTICAL chemistry , *NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book 'Analysis of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors,' edited by Lawrence H. Keith, Tammy L. Jones-Lepp and Larry L. Needham.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Spectacles of Waste
- Author
-
Warwick Anderson and Warwick Anderson
- Subjects
- Defecation--Social aspects
- Abstract
The modern bathroom is an ingenious compilation of locked doors, smooth porcelain, 4-ply tissue and antibacterial hand soap, but despite this miracle of indoor plumbing, we still can't bear the thought that anyone else should know that our bodies produce waste. Why must we live by the rules of this intense scatological embarrassment? In Spectacles of Waste, leading historian of medicine Warwick Anderson reveals how human excrement has always complicated humanity's attempts to become modern. From wastewater epidemiology and sewage snooping to fecal transplants and excremental art, he argues that our insistence on separating ourselves from our bodily waste has fundamentally shaped our philosophies, social theories, literature and art—even the emergence of high-tech science as we understand it today. Written with verve and aplomb, Anderson's expert analysis reveals how in recent years, humanity has doubled down on abstracting and datafying our most abject waste, and unconsciously underlined its biopolitical signature across our lives.
- Published
- 2024
48. Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Environments : Toxicity, Monitoring, and Remediation Technologies
- Author
-
Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria, Caterina Faggio, Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria, and Caterina Faggio
- Subjects
- TD427.D77
- Abstract
This reference book compiles up-to-date research about the threat and management of pharmaceutical residue dispersion in the aquatic environment. It explores the risk analysis and short- and long-term health issues created due to the ingestion of pharmaceutical-contaminated food products and drinking water. The book focuses on the methods of removal and degradation processes of pharmaceutical residues from contaminated sources. It emphasizes the importance of eco-friendly and advanced treatment technology for the sustainable management of wastewater and drinking water supply. The book is meant for industry experts and researchers in pharmaceutical science, toxicology, and environmental sciences.
- Published
- 2023
49. Findings in Antibiotics Reported from University of Nevada (Combining Environmental, Health, and Safety Features With a Conductor Like Screening Model for Selecting Green Solvents for Antibiotic Analyses)
- Subjects
Chromatography -- Reports -- Models -- Research ,Tetracycline -- Research ,Tetracyclines -- Research ,Environmental protection -- Research -- Models -- Reports ,Physical fitness -- Models -- Research -- Reports ,Safety equipment -- Reports -- Models -- Research ,Environmental issue ,Health ,University of Nevada, Reno -- Reports - Abstract
2023 APR 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- A new study on Drugs and Therapies - Antibiotics is now available. [...]
- Published
- 2023
50. Reports from University of Nevada Provide New Insights into Antibiotics (Unintentional Release of Antibiotics Associated With Nutrients Recovery From Source-separated Human Urine By Biochar)
- Subjects
Tetracycline -- Economic aspects ,Tetracyclines -- Economic aspects ,Physical fitness -- Economic aspects ,Health ,University of Nevada, Reno - Abstract
2022 JUL 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Drugs and Therapies - Antibiotics have been published. [...]
- Published
- 2022
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