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Objective: Aim: The purpose of the study was to identify the role of SATB2 in healing of the experimental mandible bone tissue defect filling with a synthetic bone graft material and electrical stimulation impact., Patients and Methods: Materials and Methods: An experiment was carried out on 48 mature male rats of the WAG population, which were divided into 4 groups. Each group included 12 experimental animals. Group 1 included rats that were modeled with a perforated defect of the lower jaw body. Group 2 included animals that were modeled with a perforated defect similar to group 1. In animals, a microdevice for electrical action was implanted subcutaneously in the neck area on the side of the simulated bone defect. The negative electrode connected to the negative pole of the battery was in contact with the bone defect. The battery and electrode were insulated with plastic heat shrink material. Group 3 included rats that were modeled with a perforated defect similar to previous groups, the cavity of which was filled with synthetic bone graft "Biomin GT" (RAPID, Ukraine). Group 4 included animals that were modeled with a perforated defect similar to groups 1-3, the cavity of which was filled with synthetic bone graft "Biomin GT" (RAPID, Ukraine). The simulation of electrical stimulation was the same as in group 2. The material for the morphological study was a fragment of the body of the lower jaw from the zone of the perforated defect. Immunohistochemical study was performed using rabbit anti-human SATB2 monoclonal antibody., Results: Results: In the regenerate filling the defect in the bone tissue of the lower jaw of rats, there was an increase in SATB2 expression under conditions of electrical stimulation; filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material; simultaneous filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material and electrical stimulation. The most pronounced expression of SATB2 was observed under conditions of simultaneous filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material and electrical stimulation; minimally expressed - in conditions of filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material; moderately expressed - under conditions of electrical stimulation. In the regenerate, in cases of all treatment methods, SATB2 was expressed by immune cells, fibroblastic differon cells, osteoblasts, and in case of electrical stimulation, also by adipocytes, vascular pericytes and endothelial cells, epidermis., Conclusion: Conclusions: The activation of SATB2 expression identified by the authors is one of the mechanisms for stimulating reparative osteogenesis under the conditions of electrical stimulation; filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material; simultaneous filling the defect with a synthetic bone graft material and electrical stimulation.

Objective: This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gel versus DBM gel with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) used in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)., Methods: This study was designed as a prospective, multi-center, double-blind method, randomized study. All randomized subjects underwent TLIF with DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group (40 patients) as an experimental group or DBM gel group (36 patients) as a control group. Post-operative observations were performed at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. The spinal fusion rate on computed tomography scans and X-rays films, Visual analog scale pain scores, Oswestry disability index and SF-36 quality of life (QOL) scores were used for the efficacy evaluation. The incidence rate of adverse device effects (ADEs) and serious adverse device effects (SADEs) were used for safety evaluation., Results: The spinal fusion rate at 12 weeks for the DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group was higher with 73.68% compared to 58.82% for the DBM gel group. The 24 and 48 weeks were 72.22% and 82.86% for the DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group and 78.79% and 78.13%, respectively, for the DBM gel group. However, there were no significant differences between two groups in the spinal fusion rate at 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-treatment (p=0.1817, p=0.5272, p=0.6247). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of ADEs (p=0.3836). For ADEs in the experimental group, 'Pyrexia' (5.00%) was the most common ADE, followed by 'Hypesthesia', 'Paresthesia', 'Transient peripheral paralysis', 'Spondylitis' and 'Insomnia' (2.50%, respectively). ADEs reported in control group included 'Pyrexia', 'Chest discomfort', 'Pain', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Nephropathy toxic', 'Neurogenic bladder', 'Liver function analyses' and 'Urticaria' (2.86%, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of SADEs (p=0.6594). For SADE in the experimental group, ''Pyrexia' and 'Spondylitis' were 2.50%. SADE reported in the control group included 'Chest discomfort', 'Osteoarthritis' and 'Neurogenic bladder'. All SADEs described above were resolved after medical treatment., Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the spinal fusion rates of DBM gel group and DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group were not significantly different. But, this study provides knowledge regarding the earlier postoperative effect of rhBMP-2 containing DBM gel and also supports the idea that the longer term follow-up results are essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness.

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Various treatments have been suggested for the treatment of periarticular cysts in revision total ankle arthroplasty including autograft and allograft bone grafting, polymethylmethacrylate cement, and revision to ankle or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. This study investigated the rate of osseous reconstitution following treatment with a unique calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate blend. Methods: A retrospective review of all revision total ankle arthroplasty procedures over a 3 year period was performed. 37 patients were identified that had utilized the calcium phosphate-calcium sulfate blend for the treatment of osseous defects. Data on graft location, volume, infection rate, bone reconstitution rate, and further revision procedures were collected. Plain radiographs were used to determine osseous reconstitution, qualified as bony trabeculae present with no lytic area remaining. Patient's average age was 66 years old, revision performed an average of 9.5 years after primary arthroplasty, with an average of 503 (range 99-1333) days of follow up. Results: Grafting of 23 tibial, 23 talar, 7 fibular, and 5 calcaneal bone defects were undertaken. All patients had Agility implants at time of primary arthroplasty. 16 patients had retention of Agility components, with 21 being revised to Inbone 2 implants. An average of 8.25 ml of material was used. Complete bone reconstitution was noted in 24 patients (65%). Incomplete or no bony healing was noted in 9 talus, 2 tibias, and 2 fibulas. Further revision was performed or offered to 7 patients for continued symptoms(19%). No seromas or excessive wound drainage was noted. Conclusion: Grafting of osseous defects for total ankle arthroplasty with a fully synthetic calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate mixture is an effective technique. Caution should be used in its use for patients with talar subsidence, as these have higher rates of failure likely due to its diminished blood supply and smaller surrounding structural support. provide significant long-term structural support. It should not be depended to

The objective of this study was to develop a synthetic bone graft in a paste form. Reported here are the results of the evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate (Protosan) and hydroxyapatite (referred to as a paste) used in a critical size defect model in rats. Eight-millimeter--diameter cranial defects were made in rat calvaria following a protocol approved by the animal review committee. Five groups were studied: (1) empty control, (2) defect filled with paste only, (3) defect filled with the paste containing bone-marrow aspirate, (4) defect filled with paste containing BMP-2, and (5) defect filled with paste containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. The sacrifice intervals were 9 and 18 weeks. Calvaria containing the defect were harvested, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Push-out strength measurements were also performed. The BMD values of empty control were significantly lower than those of other groups at both 9 and 18 weeks. The mechanical properties, that is, push-out strengths and area under the push-out load and displacement were not significantly different between the samples. Histological examination of Goldner-trichromestained undecalcified sections showed the presence of mineralized bone spicules in the defect areas that were more prominent in those filled with paste and osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. Hence, this study demonstrated that the paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite-containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate would be an effective material to repair bone defects., (Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gel versus DBM gel with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) used in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods : This study was designed as a prospective, multi-center, double-blind method, randomized study. All randomized subjects underwent TLIF with DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group (40 patients) as an experimental group or DBM gel group (36 patients) as a control group. Post-operative observations were performed at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. The spinal fusion rate on computed tomography scans and X-rays films, Visual analog scale pain scores, Oswestry disability index and SF-36 quality of life (QOL) scores were used for the efficacy evaluation. The incidence rate of adverse device effects (ADEs) and serious adverse device effects (SADEs) were used for safety evaluation. Results : The spinal fusion rate at 12 weeks for the DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group was higher with 73.68% compared to 58.82% for the DBM gel group. The 24 and 48 weeks were 72.22% and 82.86% for the DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group and 78.79% and 78.13%, respectively, for the DBM gel group. However, there were no significant differences between two groups in the spinal fusion rate at 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-treatment (p=0.1817, p=0.5272, p=0.6247). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of ADEs (p=0.3836). For ADEs in the experimental group, ‘Pyrexia’ (5.00%) was the most common ADE, followed by ‘Hypesthesia’, ‘Paresthesia’, ‘Transient peripheral paralysis’, ‘Spondylitis’ and ‘Insomnia’ (2.50%, respectively). ADEs reported in control group included ‘Pyrexia’, ‘Chest discomfort’, ‘Pain’, ‘Osteoarthritis’, ‘Nephropathy toxic’, ‘Neurogenic bladder’, ‘Liver function analyses’ and ‘Urticaria’ (2.86%, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of SADEs (p=0.6594). For SADE in the experimental group, ‘‘Pyrexia’ and ‘Spondylitis’ were 2.50%. SADE reported in the control group included 'Chest discomfort’, ‘Osteoarthritis’ and ‘Neurogenic bladder’. All SADEs described above were resolved after medical treatment. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the spinal fusion rates of DBM gel group and DBM gel with rhBMP-2 group were not significantly different. But, this study provides knowledge regarding the earlier postoperative effect of rhBMP-2 containing DBM gel and also supports the idea that the longer term follow-up results are essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone graft materials are often used in implant treatment to optimize functional and esthetic outcomes. The requirements for bone grafting materials are the ability to maintain space for bone regeneration to occur and the capability of being resorbed by osteoclasts and replaced with new bone tissue occurring in passive chemolysis and bone remodeling. Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) granules (Cytrans Granules, GC) are a chemically synthetic bone graft material similar to autogenous bone minerals and more biocompatible than allografts and xenografts. The aim of this report is to evaluate the efficacy of CO3Ap granules in implant treatments when used alone or in combination with autogenous bone. The clinical findings and the radiographic and histologic assessments in three cases of immediate implant placement and lateral and vertical guided bone regeneration are reported. Despite the short-term follow-ups, histologic findings showed that CO3Ap granules were efficiently resorbed and replaced bone in clinical use. Furthermore, the clinical findings showed that CO3Ap granules maintained their morphology around the implant. This limited short-term case report suggests that this bone substitute is effective. However, further clinical studies and long-term reports of this new biomaterial are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diyala Journal of Medicine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this preliminary article is to present a new surgical technique that, thanks to the use of modulated-frequency piezoelectric energy scalpels, permits the expansion of the ridge and the placement of implants in single-stage surgery in positions that were not previously possible with any other method. The technique involves the separation of the vestibular osseous flap from the palatal flap and the immediate positioning of the implant between the 2 cortical walls. The case report illustrates the ridge expansion and positioning of implants step by step in bone of quality 1 to 2 with only 2 to 3 mm of thickness that is maintained for its entire height. To obtain rapid healing, the expansion space that was created for the positioning of the implant was filled, following the concepts of tissue engineering, with bioactive glass synthetic bone graft material as an osteoconductive factor and autogenous platelet-rich plasma as an osteoinductive factor. The site was covered with a platelet-rich plasma membrane. A careful evaluation of the site when reopened after 3 months revealed that the ridge was mineralized and stabilized at a thickness of 5 mm and the implants were osseointegrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone regeneration remains a challenging issue in tissue engineering. The use of hydrogels as scaffolds for bone tissue repair has gained attention due to their biocompatibility and ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. This study aims to develop a functionalized GelMA/CMCS composite hydrogel incorporating magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for enhanced bone regeneration. Methods: These composites were developed by incorporating potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6H2O, MPC) powders into methacrylated gelatin/carboxymethyl chitosan (GelMA-C) hydrogels. The material's mechanical properties, antibacterial performance, and cytocompatibility were evaluated. In vitro experiments involved cell viability and osteogenic differentiation assays using rBMSCs as well as angiogenic potential assays using HUVECs. The hydrogel was also assessed for its potential in promoting bone repair in a rat (Sprague-Dawley) model of bone defect. Results: The developed GelMA-CM composite demonstrated improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential compared to individual GelMA or CMCS hydrogels. Incorporation of MPC facilitated the sustained release of ions which promoted osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. In vivo results indicated accelerated bone healing in the rat bone defect model. Conclusions: The functionalized GelMA-CM composite could be a viable candidate for clinical applications in bone regeneration therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate-enhanced porosity (SiCaP EP, Inductigraft™, Altapore) is a synthetic bone graft material with enhanced strut porosity of 31-47%. SiCaP EP remains to be fully clinically evaluated in patients undergoing instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) surgery. We conducted a prospective, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre clinical study to evaluate efficacy of SiCaP EP as bone grafting material in PLF surgery with instrumentation for treatment of spinal disorders.Methods: Patients with degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis underwent PLF surgery with SiCaP EP. The primary endpoint was evaluated in the per protocol population (N = 102) as solid fusion at postoperative month 12 assessed using computed tomography scans, with motion assessed using flexion-extension radiographs. Clinical outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index, 36-item short-form health survey for quality-of-life, visual analog scale for pain scores and neurological assessments. Adverse events were recorded.Results: Successful fusion was achieved in 59/89 (66.3%) patients at month 6, 88/102 patients (86.3%) at month 12 (primary endpoint) and 87/96 (90.6%) patients at month 24. Disability and pain reduced following surgery. Quality-of-life improved and neurological function was maintained postoperatively. Forty-three (33.3%) of the 129 patients who underwent surgery experienced adverse events; back pain was most frequent (n = 10); nine and 14 patients experienced serious adverse events judged related to device and procedure, respectively.Conclusions: Enhanced strut porosity SiCaP EP provided high (month 12: 86.3%) spinal fusion success rates in PLF surgery. Fusion success was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients within 12 months, relative to baseline. CLINICALTRIALS.Gov Identifier: NCT01452022 These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelets are richest source for cytokine and growth factors which are two important components for the re-establishment of bone and maturation of the soft tissue. Aims and Objective: The additive effect of PRF along with a synthetic bone graft material in treating human intrabony periodontal defects has been evaluated in this study. The appropriate use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as an alternate comfortable graft material to restore the lost periodontal tissues has been well documented and has given clinically promising outcome. Materials and Method: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is prepared from patient's own blood which is autologous in nature. Perio Glas (PG) is an easy to use synthetic absorbable osteostimulative as well as osteoconductive bone graft material. The selected 30 sites were randomly divided into two groups such as Test (15 sites using PRF) and Control (15 sites without PRF). Results: At the end of Six months, the post-operative evaluations revealed significant reduction in PPD and gain in CAL. Radiographic evidence of bone formation was also noticed. The incorporation of PRF with synthetic bone graft (perioglas) produces effective and rapid periodontal regeneration with improved healing in intrabony osseous defects. The PRF group showed a mean Radiographic Defect Fill (RDL) of 1.24 ± 0.04 compared with 0.79 ± 0.07 of control group which is statistically significant. Conclusion: This combination technique can be used as an alternate grafting modality for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with satisfactory clinical consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the new bone formation capability of zirconia with those of other synthetic bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve rabbits were used and four 6-mm diameter transcortical defects were formed on each calvaria. Each defect was filled with Osteon II (Os), Tigran PTG (Ti), and zirconia (Zi) bone grafts. For the control group, the defects were left unfilled. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Specimens were analyzed through micro computed tomography (CT) and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS. The Ti and Zi groups showed significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between 2 and 4 weeks and between 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05). The measurements of total bone using micro CT showed significant differences between the Os and Ti groups and between the Os and Zi groups at 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05). Comparing by week in each group, the Ti group showed a significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis also showed significant differences in new bone formation between the control group and the experimental groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P<.05). In the comparison of newly formed bone, significant differences were observed between 2 and 4 weeks and between 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05) in all groups. CONCLUSION. Zirconia bone graft material showed satisfactory results in new bone formation and zirconia could be used as a new synthetic bone graft material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal repair of rigid mineralized tissues, such as bone, in cases of fracture, surgical resection, or prosthetic placement, is a complex process often necessitating the use of bone graft materials. Autogenous bone from the patient is generally the gold standard in terms of outcomes but also has disadvantages, which have resulted in extensive research in the field of tissue engineering to develop better and more convenient alternatives. In the dental field, several initiatives have demonstrated that the dentin material derived from extracted teeth produces excellent results in terms of repairing bone defects and supporting dental implants. Dentin is acellular and thus, in contrast to autogenous bone, cannot provide osteoblasts or other cellular elements to the grafted region, but it does contain growth and differentiation factors, and has other properties that make it an impressive material for bone repair. In this review, the beneficial properties of dentin and the ways it interacts with the host bone are described in the context of bone graft materials. Autogenous tooth material has limitations, particularly in terms of the need for tooth extraction and the limited amount available, which currently restrict its use to particular dental procedures. The development of a xenograft dentin-derived material, which retains the properties of autogenous dentin, is described. Such a material could potentially enable the use of dentin-derived material more widely, particularly in orthopedic indications where its properties may be advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the regenerative potential of demineralized dentin-derived matrix (DDM) as a bone graft material in rabbit calvaria. DDM, sourced from extracted teeth, is emerging as an alternative to traditional grafts like allografts and xenografts. We aimed to identify the most effective demineralization protocol to optimize the regenerative capacity of DDM. Four groups were compared: a control group without grafts, a non-demineralized DDM group, and two demineralized DDM groups (15 and 30 min demineralization). Histomorphometric analysis was conducted in a randomized and blinded setting at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-graft placement. The results revealed that the 15 min demineralized DDM group showed the most significant new bone formation (42.51% ± 6.40% at 8 weeks; p < 0.05), suggesting its potential as a highly effective regenerative graft material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)