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Progression-free survival (PFS) is increasingly used as a primary endpoint in oncology clinical trials. However, trial conduct is often such that PFS data on some patients may be partially missing either due to incomplete follow-up for progression, or due to data that may be collected but confounded by patients stopping randomized therapy or starting alternative therapy prior to progression. Regulatory guidance on how to handle these patients in the analysis and whether to censor these patients differs between agencies. We present results of a reanalysis of 28 Phase III trials from 12 companies or institutions performed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association-sponsored PFS Expert Team. We show that analyses not adhering to the intention-to-treat principle tend to give hazard ratio estimates further from unity and describe several factors associated with this shift. We present illustrative simulations to support these findings and provide recommendations for the analysis of PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cell homing, a process that leverages the body's natural ability to recruit cells and repair damaged tissues, presents a promising alternative to cell transplantation methods. Central to this approach is the recruitment of endogenous stem/progenitor cells—such as those from the apical papilla, bone marrow, and periapical tissues—facilitated by chemotactic biological cues. Moreover, biomaterial scaffolds embedded with signaling molecules create supportive environments, promoting cell migration, adhesion, and differentiation for the regeneration of the pulp–dentin complex. By analyzing in vivo animal studies using cell homing strategies, this review explores how biomolecules and scaffold materials enhance the recruitment of endogenous stem cells to the site of damaged dental pulp tissue, thereby promoting repair and regeneration. It also examines the key principles, recent advancements, and current limitations linked to cell homing-based regenerative endodontic therapy, highlighting the interplay of biomaterials, signaling molecules, and their broader clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban public spaces hold significant importance in societal life, playing crucial roles in the development and sustainability of urban environments. These spaces face numerous challenges in the contemporary era. This study examines how sustainable public space design should be structured within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 11, and the parameters set forth by Project for Public Spaces Inc. (PPS), a highly influential non-profit organization based in the United States that provides research, training, technical assistance, planning, and design recommendations. Qualitative data collection methods, including literature review, expert interviews, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), are employed to evaluate various sustainability criteria. AHP is used to prioritize the criteria and sub-criteria derived from SDG and PPS frameworks. Through this method, the necessary parameters for a sustainable public space design model are identified based on expert opinions. The findings indicate that physical structure is the top priority criterion for public space sustainability. Historical value, green infrastructure, and ecological efficiency emerge as the highest priority parameters. Among social criteria, security and control, comfort, active and passive interaction, continuity, detectability, and meaning are significant. Economic vitality criteria include contributions to the local and urban economy, increasing local employment, contributions to tourism, and service diversity. Administrative coordination criteria encompass protection, investment incentives, and effective coordination. The study proposes a comprehensive model for sustainable public space design that integrates physical, social, economic, and administrative dimensions. The model emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and stakeholder involvement in ensuring urban areas are resilient, inclusive, and sustainable. Key priorities include the protection of historical values, the development of green infrastructure, and the enhancement of ecological efficiency. Future research should explore the application of this model in different urban contexts to validate and refine its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of environmental enrichment techniques for nonhuman primates over long periods of time has had mixed results. Some studies report rapid habituation to new enrichment items, while others note continued use. We have investigated the use of three different enrichments that had been available to paired and singly caged chimpanzees for several years. Twenty subjects were observed during 200 hr of scan sampling while singly caged and while pair housed. Each subject had a variety of enrichments available and their use of a television, ball, and mirror were recorded. The chimpanzees had previous exposure to all of the items: televisions had been available for a mean of 22.75 months, balls had been available for 55.9 months, and mirrors had been available for 25.9 months. The results indicated that the chimpanzees continued to use the enrichments for small amounts of time (0.27%–1.53% of the observations) even after such prolonged exposure. Television and ball use were significantly higher than mirror use. Housing condition was not a significant factor in the analyses, contrary to expectations. We concluded that several simple enrichment items may be effective in offering variety and choices to the nonhuman primate and can be one element in a comprehensive environmental enhancement plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the contributions of affect theory in their applications to the understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Why shame is often neglected as an issue in treatment; Shame and affect theory; Affect theory and PTSD.

Discusses that Asconius' naming of either Caesar or Crassus as the person Cicero was referring to in his speech near the beginning of `In Toga Candida,' reveals his lack of authoritative evidence. Subject of the speech; Asconius' reasons for identifying the nobles; Motives and resources of another noble P. Cornelius Sulla.

Simple Summary: In recent decades, numerous studies have investigated the cognitive abilities of fish, primarily focusing on species commonly used in neuroscience laboratories. In this study, we examined the learning abilities of a neglected species in the field of cognitive ethology, the red-bellied piranha. We assessed whether these fish could learn a colour discrimination task in an automated operant conditioning chamber. In the first experiment, fish were presented with a red vs. green discrimination task, followed by a yellow vs. white discrimination task in the second experiment. In both cases, the fish did not learn the task. We then simplified the task by presenting achromatic stimuli differing in brightness, always on the same side of the tank. This time, the fish successfully learned how to discriminate between the colours. Our findings suggest that red-bellied piranhas may have limitations in their learning abilities. This study also highlights some limitations of the current procedure. We propose that the automated operant conditioning setup needs adjustments to more effectively investigate the learning capabilities of this species. Most studies on the cognitive abilities of fish have focused on model organisms adopted in behavioural neuroscience. To date, little attention has been devoted to characiformes fish and we record a lack of cognitive investigation on the piranha. In this study, we conducted a preliminary set of experiments to assess whether red-bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) can solve an automated operant conditioning task, specifically, a reversal learning task. In Experiment 1, the fish were required to discriminate between red and green, while in Experiment 2, they had to discriminate between white and yellow. In either case, we found no evidence of learning capacities with our protocol after extensive training exceeding one thousand trials overall. In Experiment 3, we simplified the learning task by using achromatic stimuli (black and white discrimination) and always presenting the reinforced stimulus on the same side of the tank (a combination of response learning and place learning). Subjects did learn how to discriminate between the colours, although no subject was able to reach the criterion in the subsequent reversal learning task, suggesting that piranhas may be limited in their cognitive flexibility. However, our training procedure may have been inefficient in addressing this issue. We outline some potential limitations of the current methodology to help to establish a more effective approach for investigating operant conditioning in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban development and population growth present new challenges for developing urban public spaces (UPS) in cities. The significance of cities as centers of integration of different socio-cultural groups is growing. Taking into account the diversity of needs and expectations of sensory-sensitive groups (women) as residents and users of urban public spaces is a key task facing modern city managers. Women's public participation is relevant and important, because recognizing their needs and taking them into account in urban spatial policy contributes to creating cities tailored to the needs and expectations of residents and users, according to the principle of "everyone-important". This article has goals for the identification of factors that reduce the safety and comfort of women's activities and the most important architectural features UPS. The results of the research indicate that the determinants that reduce the friendliness of safety and comfort in UPS are a lack of lighting, lack of esthetics of space development, lack of benches and toilets, and street noise. A space tailored to women's needs and expectations should be well-lit with a level walking and sidewalk surface and include architectural infrastructure elements such as adequate municipal sanitation (toilets), benches and urban furniture, with landscaped green space (squares, flowerbeds, trees), which is in line with the principles of universal design. This study's results found that such factors can help create safe, egalitarian, and inclusive cities. They complete the research gap in the field of sustainable urban development and are key to developing gender-equitable urban planning and urban development policy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garden buildings not only enhance the aesthetics of gardens but also affect the visual and psychological experience of visitors. However, existing studies lack a systematic analysis of the shape types and combination patterns of buildings, which indirectly affects the overall experience of visitors. This study explores the attractiveness of different forms, styles, and combinations of buildings to visitors through oculometry and psychological analysis. The results of the study show that buildings are always the main focus of visitors' sight in the garden, and traditional buildings can stimulate visitors' excitement and curiosity. When observed at close range, visitors' attention to simple-shaped buildings was mainly focused on the overall shape, while details of complex-shaped buildings, such as decorations, doors, windows, and columns, can significantly attract the eye. In contrast, when viewed from a distance, simple and regular combinations of building shapes were more effective in attracting visitors' attention, while the appeal of the historic features of complex buildings declined, possibly due to reduced clarity of detail. Visually striking elements such as buildings with acute angles or curved eaves attracted more visual attention when viewed from a distance. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the design of shapes and historical characteristics of garden buildings but also provides practical guidance for the layout and spatial remodeling of garden buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public places play a central role in shaping positive and negative human experiences. They have a profound impact on people's lives, affecting their sense of place, well-being, and overall quality of life. While public spaces have such an impact, little is known about their effects on the overall experiences of people in Saudi cities. Particularly, in Saudi Arabia, the form of public spaces has rapidly evolved and changed in recent years. Therefore, this study examined the impact of urban public spaces on people's experiences, aiming to assess satisfaction levels within the broader context of urban life in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it investigated the correlation between the public spaces and individuals' perceptions and feelings toward the environment of Taif city. Taif is one of the key cities in Saudi Arabia targeted for significant improvements in quality of life as part of the 2030 vision. Therefore, it is important to study the effects on the residents there. The method used in the study involved quantitative data collected through a survey of 384 participants from Taif, which included questions measuring multiple aspects of the quality of urban public life, including the safety, walkability, social interaction, and functionality of public spaces. The results indicate that people in Taif would face a jeopardised level of satisfaction, as not all elements of the public spaces meet the desired standards. Therefore, their experiences would be impacted negatively if the noted concerns are not addressed. By identifying key urban design elements that impact people's experiences and overall well-being, this research provides a foundation for planners and policymakers to work towards achieving the Saudi vision of creating more liveable and enduring urban environments in Saudi Arabian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically examines how ideology permeates the politics of diversity today and is forcing us to clarify political positions towards a much more intercultural approach to diversity. At a time when the demographic argument is gaining momentum in the US, Europe, and other continents, with neo-colonial beliefs of white supremacy and irrational fears of the 'Great replacement' movement, the diversity politics debate is becoming strongly polarized. In this 'ideological turn' diversity emerges as a political option rather than a by-product of the globalization processes. Going beyond the multicultural/intercultural debate, this article represents a step forward by highlighting the specificities of interculturalism and how these distinctive features can be considered today as strategic resources for revitalizing the left's position on diversity politics. As a normative and political ideology, interculturalism may have the potential to shape diversity as a new public culture and implement the scale shift of citizenship from a state to a more urban intercultural citizenship. Theorizing these features from the left would certainly help to reduce right-wing ideologies that foster a strong reluctance to diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social sustainability has emerged as a critical factor in evaluating societal welfare and well-being. Consequently, researchers have initiated the development of a theoretical framework to delineate the components of social sustainability, achieving notable progress in this endeavor. However, the interplay between the social dimension and the environmental and economic dimensions remains insufficiently explored in user experiences, posing challenges in integrating social sustainability into preliminary design parameters in the built environment and resulting in socially inefficient spaces. This study seeks to elucidate the relationship between social sustainability and the environment while devising a measurement methodology that encompasses the physical environment. Concentrating on public spaces, pivotal in daily experiences and reflective of individual interactions, the research was conducted across five distinct public spaces in the Seyhan district of Adana. Methodologically, the study employed field research, preliminary examination, and statistical analysis. Data collection techniques, including surveys, observations, and measurements, were utilized to unveil statistically significant correlations between social sustainability and the physical environment of public spaces. Consequently, this study delineates the dimensions of these relationships and translates them into actionable design data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the upcoming period, city squares' urban redesign will be crucial in achieving sustainable development goals. This study presents a systematic review of OTC-related studies for the urban design of city squares using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A review included a total of 173 papers from 2001 to 2023. The results identified five study types—clusters based on four pre-defined criteria: study approach, data collection methods, time duration, and primary objectives. The clusters indicate that more than half of all studies are related to the comparison of thermal comfort and heat mitigation measures. Most of the case studies were located in one of three climate zones: temperate oceanic (Cfb) (58 studies), hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) (40 studies), or humid subtropical (Cfa) (28 studies). The most common geometry of the analyzed urban square is medium-sized, is rectangular, and has dominant axel orientation south–north. Also, based on all five clusters, several research gaps were identified, appropriate for future research: the majority of studies related to the traditionally considered climate areas, no typology of urban square geometry configuration based on OTC assessment, and the lack of a local design model for assessing and improving the thermal comfort of city squares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Public space is an important carrier for maintaining the cultural values of a village and the production and living customs of the villagers, but the use rights and boundaries are in an unstable and ambiguous state, and it is not a completely open and inclusive public space. The study aims to deepen the understanding of the publicness of public space in traditional villages from the perspective of subjective and objective combination, which reveals the relationship between the space and villagers' behavior. (2) Methods: The research established an evaluation framework for assessing the "publicness" of public spaces in traditional villages by integrating space syntax and cognitive surveys. This framework facilitates the analysis of the extent and dimensions of publicness, along with corresponding behavioral patterns, and explores the underlying mechanisms influencing publicness. (3) Results: The study reveals significant variations in the publicness of traditional village spaces. High-publicness areas tend to cluster, whereas low-publicness areas are more scattered, and riverfront regions exhibit greater publicness compared to mountain-adjacent ones. Villagers exhibit notable differences in their evaluations of public spaces, and individuals aged 14–18 and those over 66 rate the highest. The utilization rate of high-publicness spaces is significantly high, catering to a diverse array of activities. In spaces with lower publicness, the duration and variety of activities tend to be more constrained, often limited to rapid exchanges or brief respites, exhibiting a narrower scope of activities. (4) Conclusions: The study underscores the variability and complexity of publicness in traditional village spaces, which manifest not only in spatial layouts and types but also in villagers' usage patterns and behavioral preferences. This may be influenced by objective factors such as spatial accessibility, social interaction, and richness of cultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined use of lasmiditan and triptan is unexplored in medical literature. This study aimed to investigate whether the intake of lasmiditan following triptan improves migraine pain. Following triptan intake, if headache relief was less than 50% at 1 h, patients took 50 mg of lasmiditan within 2 h of migraine onset. Patients recorded headache intensity and adverse events (AEs) caused by lasmiditan at 1, 2, and 4 h after the intake of an additional 50 mg of lasmiditan. A significant reduction in pain scale was observed post 50 mg lasmiditan intake (p < 0.001, t-test). Pain relief was reported for 32 migraine attacks (80%) at 1 h after additional lasmiditan intake. Although AEs were observed in 63% of the patients who took an additional lasmiditan, most were mild and resolved 1 h after lasmiditan intake. Our study revealed the significant headache relief provided by an additional lasmiditan for patients who did not achieve satisfactory results following initial triptan intake for treating migraine. The AEs associated with this treatment strategy were mild and lasted for a short time. This study suggested that the combination of triptan and lasmiditan is promising for the treatment of migraine and should be studied in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the quality of public space has become significant for urban development, the creation of high-quality public spaces is becoming increasingly important. Since the implementation of urban renewal policies, an increasing number of buildings have emerged, creating new types of public spaces. Compared to original public spaces, new public spaces are more open, flexible, and diverse. The design of public spaces is closely related to users and the flâneur can precisely serve as a user and observer to conduct in-depth research. So, our study was conducted under the identity of the flâneur, focusing on two cases in Guangzhou. The flâneur completes the data collection through two methods. Static research involves observing and taking photos, whereas dynamic research involves interviews and questionnaires. This study analysed three aspects: the group category, behavioural diversity, and activity time and evaluated the public space using the NPS scale. The study found that the recommendation rate of new urban public spaces is higher than that of original public spaces. The study also found that original public spaces need to be improved in four ways: equipping furniture facilities, improving traffic congestion, increasing blue-green spaces, and establishing artistic spaces. New urban public spaces need to make efforts to create more interactive spaces and increase stagnation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smarter city should be a safer city. Nighttime safety in metropolitan areas has long been a global concern, particularly for large cities with diverse demographics and intricate urban forms, whose citizens are often threatened by higher street-level crime rates. However, due to the lack of night-time urban appearance data, prior studies based on street view imagery (SVI) rarely addressed the perceived night-time safety issue, which can generate important implications for crime prevention. This study hypothesizes that night-time SVI can be effectively generated from widely existing daytime SVIs using generative AI (GenAI). To test the hypothesis, this study first collects pairwise day-and-night SVIs across four cities diverged in urban landscapes to construct a comprehensive day-and-night SVI dataset. It then trains and validates a day-to-night (D2N) model with fine-tuned brightness adjustment, effectively transforming daytime SVIs to nighttime ones for distinct urban forms tailored for urban scene perception studies. Our findings indicate that: (1) the performance of D2N transformation varies significantly by urban-scape variations related to urban density; (2) the proportion of building and sky views are important determinants of transformation accuracy; (3) within prevailed models, CycleGAN maintains the consistency of D2N scene conversion, but requires abundant data. Pix2Pix achieves considerable accuracy when pairwise day–and–night-night SVIs are available and are sensitive to data quality. StableDiffusion yields high-quality images with expensive training costs. Therefore, CycleGAN is most effective in balancing the accuracy, data requirement, and cost. This study contributes to urban scene studies by constructing a first-of-its-kind D2N dataset consisting of pairwise day-and-night SVIs across various urban forms. The D2N generator will provide a cornerstone for future urban studies that heavily utilize SVIs to audit urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study presents evidence that the introduction of a cognitively challenging computerized system for US Navy California sea lions during positive-reinforcement training sessions was related to an increase in session participation, measured through the consumption of the offered diet each day. Additionally, a reduction in the number of days animals were clinically ill was observed, suggesting an increase in sea lion welfare following the implementation of computerized enrichment. Cognitive enrichment is becoming more prevalent in professional marine mammal facilities. Research with dolphins has suggested that such enrichment provides more welfare benefits than enrichment that does not incorporate cognitive challenge. However, there is little research supporting the use of cognitive enrichment as a means to improve the welfare of sea lions. Recently, a novel form of technological cognitive enrichment, the Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system, was introduced to a population of California sea lions at the US Navy's Marine Mammal Program as a means to enhance welfare. Two of the initial focal animals introduced to EVE were selected based on their health history and the possible benefits of cognitive enrichment in improving health measures. To evaluate this, information regarding the animals' consumption of their offered diet was compared to other animals in the population of similar age and the absence of a similar health history. Subsequently, the total diet consumption of the targeted animals was evaluated in the two years prior to the introduction to EVE and compared to the total diet consumption during the initial 2 years of regular EVE sessions. There was a significant decrease in the number of days in which the sea lions did not consume their entire offered diet in the two years after implementing regular EVE sessions, an increase in participation and performance of voluntary husbandry behaviors, and a reduction in the number of days animals were clinically ill. This study provides evidence of cognitive enrichment as a management tool to improve animal health and welfare as well as performance in training sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This review summarizes the history and current clinical applications of antiangiogenic treatment. It specifically discusses current challenges of the treatment and opportunities for optimization, including normalization of the tumor vasculature, modulation of milieu-dependent heterogeneity of the vasculature, and targeting of angiocrine protein functions. The vasculature is a key player and regulatory component in the multicellular microenvironment of solid tumors and, consequently, a therapeutic target. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), antiangiogenic treatment was approved almost 20 years ago, but there are still no valid predictors of response. In addition, treatment resistance has become a problem. Vascular heterogeneity and plasticity due to species-, organ-, and milieu-dependent phenotypic and functional differences of blood vascular cells reduced the hope of being able to apply a standard approach of antiangiogenic therapy to all patients. In addition, the pathological vasculature in CRC is characterized by heterogeneous perfusion, impaired barrier function, immunosuppressive endothelial cell anergy, and metabolic competition-induced microenvironmental stress. Only recently, angiocrine proteins have been identified that are specifically released from vascular cells and can regulate tumor initiation and progression in an autocrine and paracrine manner. In this review, we summarize the history and current strategies for applying antiangiogenic treatment and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities, including normalizing the tumor vasculature, modulating milieu-dependent vascular heterogeneity, and targeting functions of angiocrine proteins. These new strategies could open perspectives for future vascular-targeted and patient-tailored therapy selection in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban parks play a crucial role in enhancing the social interactions of older adults. However, despite the broad recognition of urban parks' benefits, there is a notable gap in research focusing on their role in promoting social interactions, particularly in Asia. This study explores the effects of personal, social, and physical factors and park use patterns on older adults' social interactions. Survey data from 589 older adults aged 50 years or older were collected through face-to-face and online questionnaires and were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple regression model. The results showed that personal factors, social factors, physical factors, and park use patterns explained 10.8%, 8.2%, 9.4%, and 2.3% of the total variance in park social interactions, respectively. Key factors like gender, health status, social cohesion, features, conditions, accessibility, and park use patterns were found to significantly influence these interactions. This study provides empirical evidence to support the important role of urban parks in facilitating social interactions among older adults and contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors affecting these interactions. To meet the needs of older adults and maximize the social health benefits, these prominent factors should be emphasized in policy development and interventions, integrating older adults' perceptions and personal experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human knee is a complex joint that comprises several ligaments, including the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The MCL provides stability to the knee and helps prevent its excessive inward movement. The MCL also has a thin layer of connective tissue known as the epiligament (EL), which adheres to the ligament. This unique feature has drawn attention in the field of ligament healing research, as it may have implications for the recovery process of MCL injuries. According to the EL theory, ligament regeneration relies heavily on the provision of cells, blood vessels, and molecules. The present study sought to compare the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in healthy knees' proximal and distal MCL segments to better understand how these proteins affect ligament healing. By improving the EL theory, the current results could lead to more effective treatments for ligament injury. To conduct the present analysis, monoclonal antibodies were used against CD34, α-SMA, and VEGF to examine samples from 12 fresh knee joints' midsubstance MCLs. We identified a higher cell density in the EL than in the ligament connective tissue, with higher cell counts in the distal than in the proximal EL part. CD34 immunostaining was weak or absent in blood vessels and the EL, while α-SMA immunostaining was strongest in smooth muscle cells and the EL superficial layer. VEGF expression was mainly in the blood vessels' tunica media. The distal part showed more SMA-positive microscopy fields and higher cell density than the proximal part (4735 vs. 2680 cells/mm2). Our study identified CD34, α-SMA, and VEGF expression in the MCL EL, highlighting their critical role in ligament healing. Differences in α-SMA expression and cell numbers between the ligament's proximal and distal parts may explain different healing capacities, supporting the validity of the EL theory in ligament recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of desmoglein-3 (DSG3) in oncogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms through comparative transcriptome analysis in oral cancer cells, defining potential key genes and associated biological processes related to DSG3 expression. Four mRNA libraries of oral squamous carcinoma H413 cell lines were sequenced, and 599 candidate genes exhibited differential expression between DSG3-overexpressing and matched control lines, with 12 genes highly significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 3 downregulated. Genes with known implications in cancer, such as MMP-13, KRT84, OLFM4, GJA1, AMOT and ADAMTS1, were strongly linked to DSG3 overexpression. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DSG3-associated candidate gene products participate in crucial cellular processes such as junction assembly, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, intermediate filament organisation and keratinocyte differentiation. Validation of RNA-Seq was performed through RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, using transmission electron microscopy, we meticulously examined desmosome morphology and revealed a slightly immature desmosome structure in DSG3-overexpressing cells compared to controls. No changes in desmosome frequency and diameter were observed between the two conditions. This study underscores intricate and multifaceted alterations associated with DSG3 in oral squamous carcinoma cells, implying a potential oncogenic role of this gene in biological processes that enable cell communication, motility and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Saudi Arabia, community pharmacies offer healthcare services for different conditions. However, clarity of the competence of pharmacists in managing migraines is lacking. This study aimed to explore the current knowledge, attitude, and practice patterns of community pharmacists concerning migraine management in the northwestern part of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and September 2022 among 215 Saudi community pharmacists. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 27. Most community pharmacists (87.9%) feel that migraine management is essential to their practice, and 83.3% suggest between one and five over-the-counter (OTC) migraine products daily. Among the study pharmacists, 83.7% feel migraine patients should try OTC before prescription medications. Only 9.3% of the community pharmacists do not believe that migraine is a neurological disorder. The medications most prescribed for migraine were triptans, representing 52.1% of prescriptions. There were significant differences between the gender of the pharmacists and their knowledge, attitude, and practice overall score (p-value = 0.04). Male pharmacists exhibited higher knowledge, attitude, and practice scores than female pharmacists. Although many community pharmacists acknowledge their expertise and involvement in managing migraines, there is a requirement for further education and training to enhance their capacity to offer complete care to migraine patients. Pharmacists should also consider non-pharmacological interventions and complementary therapies when treating migraine symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates ufaFabrik's practice within Berlin's urban context, which emerged from an occupation of an abandoned site and evolved into a long-term experiment in radical place-making. Through this case study analysis, it explores the role of radical place-making in shaping urban policy, focusing on the dimensions of decision, place and policy. Drawing on an expanded conceptualisation of place-making that embraces a radical perspective, the study is based on a Ph.D. programme and on extensive field research. ufaFabrik has given place-making a political meaning, challenging conventional urban planning in relation to 'undecided' spaces. This paradigm of place-making represents grassroots activism and insurgent action and it can catalyse both local and urban transformations. Through a critical analysis of the limits and possibilities of radical place-making practice, the article argues that the ufaFabrik offers valuable insights into the potential of participatory and community-led approaches to reshape urban spaces and promote more inclusive and sustainable forms of urban governance. The study highlights how the re-politicisation of urban issues emerges from conflict and challenges established power dynamics. It highlights the interconnection between 'place' and 'making', weaving experiential and generative elements into the urban discourse, highlighting its transformative potential and reconfiguration of decision-making dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This manuscript details seven different types of behavioral metrics utilized at Chimp Haven to monitor the welfare of the chimpanzees. Each metric focuses on a different aspect of chimpanzee behavior and well-being. Chimp Haven monitors the chimpanzees' social behavior via wounding reports, Nearest Night Neighbor proximities, behavioral time budgets, and shifting logs. Individual chimpanzee welfare is monitored via hair loss and wellness surveys as well as targeted individual assessments for abnormal behavior and individual logs on a chimpanzee's progress in our positive reinforcement training program. The metrics provided here may provide a framework for various types of objective and simple data collection for other animal organizations. Chimp Haven is a sanctuary for chimpanzees retired from biomedical research, rescued from the pet trade, or re-homed after other organizations could no longer care for them. To provide optimal care for over 300 chimpanzees, Chimp Haven's animal care team includes experts in behavioral science, veterinary treatment, and husbandry practices. To aid these teams in making routine welfare management decisions, a system of behavioral metrics provides objective data to guide decisions and track outcomes. Chimp Haven has built and piloted seven behavioral metric protocols over the past 5 years to provide staff with an objective and comprehensive picture of the chimpanzees' behavioral welfare. The data from behavioral observations, staff surveys, and routine staff documentation are analyzed and processed through Google Forms, ZooMonitor, Microsoft Power Bi, Microsoft Excel, and R. Each metric assists staff in making data-based decisions regarding the management of captive chimpanzees related to abnormal behavior, hair loss, wounding, social relationships, positive reinforcement training and overall wellness. In this article, we explore examples of each metric and how they have been utilized to monitor and make decisions for both social groups of chimpanzees as well as individuals. These metrics can be collected and shared easily in an understandable format, which may provide an important framework for others to follow to enable the tracking of welfare for other sanctuaries, non-human primates, as well as other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Over the past century, the field of animal care and management has changed in many ways. Changes to animal care strategies are a reflection of our increased knowledge and understanding of the capacity of animals to experience suffering and positive well-being states and a growing awareness of the need to respect all animals we work with. This includes the way animals are handled, trained, and interacted with in all contexts, and includes all taxa from the smallest invertebrates to the largest mammals. It is pertinent to review the methods of handling and training animals, including wild and exotic animals living in zoos and aquariums, on a regular basis with respect to current knowledge, understanding, and best practice. There is an ethical responsibility to provide all animals living in human care with optimal and positive well-being. As animals living in zoos and aquariums frequently interact with their human caregivers as part of their daily care routines, it is both relevant and essential to consider the impact of these interactions on animal well-being. Allowing animals to have choice and control in multiple areas of their lives, such as by providing opportunities for them to voluntarily participate in their own care through, for example, positive reinforcement training, is an essential component of good animal well-being programs. This review aims to describe evidence-based approaches, ethics, and best practices in the handling and training of the many taxa held in zoos and aquariums worldwide, drawing from work in related animal care fields such as laboratories, farms, rescue, and sanctuaries. The importance of ongoing animal well-being assessments is discussed, with a particular focus on the need for continued review and refinement of processes and procedures pertaining to animal training and handling specifically. Review, enquiry, assessment, evaluation, and refinement will aim to dynamically support positive well-being for all animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]