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Background and Study Aim. The physical development of high school students is often hindered by the limitations of traditional physical education programs, which may not fully engage students or promote balanced physical growth. In light of these concerns, the need to explore alternative educational models that can enhance students' physical development has become evident. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a physical education curriculum following the Sports Club model in improving the physical development of high school students. Material and Methods. A total of 84 female 10th-grade students participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 42 students following the Sports Club model and a control group of 42 students following the current physical education curriculum. The experiment lasted for 17 weeks. Both groups completed initial and final physical fitness tests. These tests included the 30-second sit-up test (to assess core strength), the 30-meter sprint test (to measure speed), the 4 × 10-meter shuttle run test (to evaluate agility), the standing long jump test (to measure explosive leg power), and the 5-minute running field test (to assess endurance). Results. The female students in the experimental group demonstrated greater physical development compared to the control group in all five assessment tests. The experimental group showed the most significant improvement in the 30-second sit-up test, with a growth rate of 26.71%. The lowest growth was observed in the 5-minute running field test, at 9.92%. In contrast, the control group showed its highest improvement in the 30-second sit-up test, with a growth rate of 9.44%. However, there was minimal to no improvement in the 4 × 10-meter shuttle run and the 5-minute running field test for the control group. Conclusions. The Sports Club model improved students' physical fitness more effectively compared to the current curriculum, offering greater benefits in all tested areas. It is recommended that teachers further integrate and refine the implementation of the Sports Club model in future physical education programs to enhance teaching effectiveness.

Aiming to explore the meaning and value of the space of a sports club for university students in South Korea, this study employs the idea of spatial culture by Henri Lefebvre. The foundation of the cultural experience of a sports club is the cultural experience of a specific space; therefore, this paper takes the concern of spatial culture as the theoretical starting point. The research method is participant observation, and the researchers explored a sports club culture in South Korea for 4 months. The topics discussed in this study, such as, the boundaryless atmosphere within the sports club which provides the possibility for students to seek empathy; the sports club provides an obvious boundary with daily life which allows students to build another identity for resisting dissatisfaction with life; and last, it also provides the possibility of learning for students in a changing and diverse campus environment.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of present study was to analyze the differences in sports enjoyment and exercise adherence according to the level of participation in sports clubs among college students, and to identify the correlation and influence between sports enjoyment and exercise adherence in sports clubs. METHODS Data were collected from 150 college students participating in sports clubs, and a nonprobability sampling was used to select the study subjects. The final 140 responses were used for the analysis, excluding 10 that did not complete the questionnaire or were not sincere in their responses. Oneway ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data, and the following results were obtained. RESULTS First, there was a partially significant difference between sports enjoyment and exercise adherence according to the level of participation in sports clubs among college students. In terms of the difference by participation frequency, college students who participated in sports clubs more than three times a week had higher perceived competence in the sports enjoyment than those who participated once or twice a week. Club atmosphere was higher among college students who participated three or more times per week than among those who participated twice per week and higher among those who participated once per week than among those who participated twice per week. The practice and benefits of sports enjoyment and the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing of exercise adherence were higher for students who participated twice and three times a week than for students who participated once a week. In terms of difference by participation period, students who participated for 18 months or less, 24 months or less, and more than 24 months were higher than students who participated for 12 months or less on the perceived competence of the sports enjoyment and the predisposing of exercise adherence. Second, the effects of sports enjoyment on exercise adherence showed that perceived competence, practice and benefits, and club atmosphere of sports enjoyment influenced predisposing of exercise adherence, and perceived competence and club atmosphere influenced enabling of exercise adherence. Finally, wins and competition and club atmosphere of sports enjoyment influenced reinforcing of exercise adherence. CONCLUSIONS We found that there is a significant relationship between sports enjoyment and exercise adherence among college students participating in sports clubs.

Under the conditions of changing social environment, first-year students of higher education institutions are at risk of stress, as well as entering antisocial groups. Since they have to adapt to the new social and educational environment, it can have an impact on their academic performance and lead to negative consequences of an objective and subjective nature. In this regard, the article examines the issue of influence of the activities of student sports club of the educational organization of higher education on the process of social adaptation of students. With the help of a survey conducted among students, their attitude and possible directions of student involvement in the activities of student sports clubs in the Russian higher education system were substantiated. Based on the system-activity and personality-oriented approaches, a model of the student sports club activity at the I. Kant BFU is theoretically justified and developed. The dependence of the integral level of adaptation of students and their involvement in the activities of the student sports club is substantiated.

Understanding the motivations behind consumer engagement on sports club social media can help clubs and marketers tailor their strategies to better connect with fans, fostering deeper loyalty and more meaningful interactions. By identifying what drives fans to engage—whether it is a genuine love for the brand or the pursuit of rewards—clubs can create more targeted content that not only boosts engagement but also strengthens the overall fan experience and community.

The content of the article highlights the experience of interaction between the Department of Physical Culture and Health and the student sports club of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volgograd State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (VolgSMU). Its purpose is to reveal the algorithms and the resources of interaction between these structural units of the university, to describe the possibilities of optimizing recreational work with the students. The materials are collected on the basis of methods of analysis and generalization of the conducted educational, recreational and sports-mass work. The description of the human, material, and financial resources is given. The authors identify the leading functional capabilities of the department and the sports club in the course of optimizing health work.

Adolescents in South Korea have been facing physical (physical inactivity) and social-emotional (e.g., bullying and suicide) challenges in the last few decades. To address these issues, the Ministry of Education in South Korea implemented School Sports Club as a part of the school curriculum. This article introduces the overview, the goals and structure, the status quo, and the future directions of the School Sports Club. School Sports Club is offered during the regular school time and a required curriculum. The primary goal of the School Sports Club is to increase physical activity opportunities, strengthen humanistic education, prevent bullying, and ultimately develop a positive attitude in their school life among students. In School Sports Club, teachers are allowed to select the content that would best meet their students' needs and school contexts. While there are some challenges, the students have positive experiences in School Sports Club. In summary, School Sports Club is one way to support students' physical activity engagement and social-emotional learning in school settings.

The primary objective of this research endeavor outlined in the thesis was to evaluate the impact of the individual dimensions of Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) – brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty – on the overall brand capital of the researched amateur football club Talent Warszawa. The author sought to discern which among the individual dimensions of CBBE exerted the most significant influence on fostering the overall brand capital of the club under examination. A questionnaire was distributed amongst the constituents of Talent Warszawa, including players, parents and guardians, players’ families, and supporters of amateur football. The survey garnered responses from a total of 102 stakeholders affiliated with the club. The reliability of the measurement scale was validated through Cronbach’s Alpha analysis.

Objectives: Sports clubs' investment in health promotion (HP) has so far been limited, and efforts to understand where gaps exist in implementation are few and far between. This mixed-method study analysed managers', coaches' and sports participants' perceptions of HP in a single sports club. Design: A mixed-method cross sectional design was used. Setting: The goal was to assess HP perceptions at the macro (club), meso (managers) and micro (coaches) levels with respect to four key health determinants. Method: Quantitative data were collected from 237 participants using e-PROSCeSS questionnaires. Qualitative data collection included two meetings with managers and a focus group with sports club participants. Data analysis took place by means of a hybrid thematic analysis informed by the health promoting sports club (HPSC) model. Results: Similar answer patterns among managers, coaches and sports club participants illustrated that social and environmental determinants scored higher than organisational and economic determinants, which was consistent with qualitative findings. Only one significant difference was found between managers and sports club participants -- for organisational determinants at the macro level. In others words, all club actors agreed that sports clubs needed to invest in HP policy and funding, and not only acknowledge that HP is an integral outcome of sports participation. Gender differences in HP perceptions were identified, while being a volunteer compared to a non-volunteer did not make any significant difference. Conclusion: Study findings raise questions about how best to implement and evaluate sports club HP, especially in relation to policies and resources. This is essential to understand the interactions between macro, meso and micro level health determinants and the temporal implications of implementing a HPSC's approach.

IntroductionThis study examined the correlates of gender stereotypes and the moderating role of membership in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, this study argues that gender stereotypes are lower when individuals regularly have the opportunity to meet and play sport with such people, for example in a voluntary sports club.MethodsSurvey data from the European Values Study are used for the analysis (n = 36,185; 30 countries). Gender stereotypes are measured with statements on gender role attributes.ResultsRegression results show that membership in a voluntary sports club, being a student, income, and living in a more gender equal country significantly reduce gender stereotypes. On the contrary, male gender, living in a partnership, having children, lower and medium education, part-time employment, self-employment, unemployment, being a home maker, and living in a small town are correlates of higher gender stereotypes. Interacting the latter correlates with sports club membership support its moderating effect in the sense that most correlates turn insignificant or have smaller coefficients. The only variables retaining their coefficient size are self-employment and living in a small town.DiscussionThe findings support the contact hypothesis and suggest that sports clubs are places that lessen gender stereotypes.

Aim: A worry regarding young people's physical activity engagement relates to a potentially competing development: the role of screen-based media (SBM) in their everyday lives. The present study aimed to assess time spent on different types of SBM, self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physical activity in different domains and their interrelations., Methods: The study is based on data from 3737 participants aged 11, 13 and 15 years from Norway collected in 2021/2022 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children collaborative cross-national survey., Results: The findings revealed high amounts of total SBM time. There were age and gender differences in physical activity, especially with lower levels of active transport during leisure time among girls than among boys. A series of binary logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age, gender and socioeconomic status showed that high levels of total SBM time were negatively associated with involvement in club sports, active school transport, active travel to friends and leisure activities, and 60 min MVPA 5 days/week. Gaming and social media use were also negatively associated with most of the physical activity indicators. All SBM variables were negatively associated with involvement in club sports and 60 min MVPA 5 days/week., Conclusions: The study demonstrates negative associations between SBM time among adolescents and physical activity in various domains. Actions to facilitate youth physical activity in the digital age seem crucial. Additional studies with nuanced data on these behaviours and longitudinal research design allowing for examining their interrelations over time are needed., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Background: Participation in physical activity can improve the physical, mental, and social health of older adults, with greater benefits observed when they join sports clubs or groups rather than exercising alone. Despite the numerous advantages of older adults' participation in sports clubs, research on this topic remains scarce. This study investigated the association between participation in sports clubs and weekly physical activity, perceived health status, and health behaviors (adequate rest and sleep and regular meals and nutritional supplementation) among Korean older adults., Methods: Data on 5146 individuals aged 60 years or older, collected from the 2022-2023 Korea National Lifestyle and Sports Survey, were analyzed using frequency, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analyses., Results: Significant differences were found in sex, age, weekly physical activity, perceived health status, adequate rest and sleep, regular meals and nutritional supplementation, use of exercise prescription and consultation services, participation in lifestyle physical education classes, and cessation of drinking and smoking based on participation in sports clubs. Sports club participation increased the frequency of weekly physical activity and improved perceptions of health status in older adults. The average odds ratios (ORs) for weekly physical activity were 6.667 (95% confidence interval CI = 4.316-10.297; p < 0.001), 5.237 (95% CI = 3.372-8.133; p < 0.001), and 3.042 (95% CI = 1.864-4.966; p < 0.001) for 1-2, 3-4, and 5 or more days of participation, respectively. The average ORs were 0.559 (95% CI = 0.264-1.183; p = 0.128) for inadequate rest and sleep, and 1.272 (95% CI = 0.555-1.694; p = 0.100) for adequate rest and sleep. Average ORs were 0.976 (95% CI = 0.497-1.915; p = 0.943) for irregular meals and nutritional supplementation, and 1.028 (95% CI 0.770-1.373; p = 0.851) for regular meals and nutritional supplementation. However, sports club participation was not significantly associated with sufficient rest and sleep or regular meals and nutritional supplementation., Conclusions: Older adults need support to join sports clubs, which can promote their physical activity and health.

The relationship between participation in extracurricular school club activities in adolescence and subsequent depressive state experiences in adulthood, after joining the workforce, is unclear. The present study aimed to explore this relationship in new recruits of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). In April 2013, 925 recruits of the JGSDF, all of whom were male and aged 18–27 years, were enrolled. Club activity status during high school was categorized as follows: participated in sports club, participated in nonsport club, or no club participation. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 20-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), at the baseline survey and a second survey conducted 2 months later, in June 2013. Analysis of covariance was used for association between club activity status and changes in CES-D scores. After a 2-month period, results showed a significantly higher average of CES-D score changes for participants in nonsport club activities (β = 3.90, 95% confidence interval = 2.22–6.71) or those with no club activities (β = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 0.20–2.94), compared to those who participated in a sports club. These findings were adjusted for age, baseline CES-D score, regular exercise, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and breakfast habits. Recruits without a history of sports club participation may be at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those who participated in a sports club. Our results may be useful for the early detection of people who are susceptible to depression engaged in occupations such as the JDSF.

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of swimming lessons in a school sports club on the initial swimming fitness of primary school-aged children. Materials and methods. The study participants were 73 primary school-aged children (‘Sportrend’ school sports swimming club). The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the system of control exercises by O. Obrazhei revised taking into account the contingent of the research to assess the swimming fitness of primary school students under the conditions of a school sports club, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. We propose a methodology for assessing the swimming readiness of younger schoolchildren under the conditions of a school sports club. The growth rate of such indicators as reaction to the unsupported position in the water and underwater breath-holding turned out to be lower compared to other indicators. At the same time, the rates of face submersion in the water and squatting in the water increased. The increase in initial swimming skills in children was 49.3% at the control stage compared to the baseline, and the average growth rate was 22.2%. In the assessment of children’s initial skills at the end of the training compared to the beginning, the maximum average rate of increase was recorded for the ability to push off and slide (30.1%), the ability to perform a star float (27.4%), and squatting in the water (26.4%), thus swimming lessons have a positive effect on the initial swimming readiness of junior school students. Conclusions. Statistically significant (p

Educational work in student sports is aimed at developing students’ competencies of personal and collective responsibility for the quality of self-realization in life. Integration of standards of professional, educational and sports activities in terms of goal setting ensures the achievement of personal results of participants of student sports clubs. The protection of the rights of student-athletes in the mediation (reconciliation) service implements educational and regulatory functions and justifies its necessity. The attitude to mediation as a way of settling disputes on the implementation of the rights of student-athletes justifies the expediency of the mediation service. The survey of participants and staff of the student club of the Higher School of Physical Culture and Sports of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (N = 61) proved the relevance of the problem of protecting the rights of student-athletes to participate in competitions and be admitted to sports teams (83.7%); the presence of competence deficits in sports ethics (78.7%); willingness to resolve a conflict with the leaders of a sports club and a sports team in the mediation service on the issue of sports sanctions for misconduct (73.8%); acceptance of mediation as a way to develop and conclude a mutually beneficial solution (93.4%); the likelihood of contractual capacity in conflict resolution based on a common interest in honest, fair play (95.1%); balance as an essential personality trait of the sports mediator (93.4%). The survey data determine the recommendations for the organization of mediation services in the sports student club: the structure of the educational work of the club; humanitarian service of legal protection and psychological support of the club members and employees; standardization of documentation, regulatory and methodological support of the club’s activities; regulation of friendly dispute resolution on the implementation of the rights of student-athletes.

Background: For years, physical activity settings had portrayed a discourse that does not allow to add new and different elements in its practice. This discourse established a status quo that has affected in many ways the structure, the pedagogy and practice of physical activity settings. This is the case of out-school programs. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the process of co-creating an after-school sports club implementing a student-centered pedagogy. Methods: This was an activist research project framed in two semesters. A key aspect of activist research is rooted in social interaction and a student-centered pedagogy is central in its framework. Participants included a doctoral candidate (lead author), a university professor (peer debriefing and second author), 3 college graduate and undergraduate students and 13 middle school students. Data collected included 11 peer-debriefing meetings, 22 youth debriefing meetings, 22 researcher journal entries and 13 debriefing meetings with the college adult participants. Findings: Implementing a student-centered pedagogy such "as" the Student-Centered Inquiry as Curriculum approach helped to co-design and co-create this process within the sports club, which are divided into three sections: (1) design process of a student-centered sports club, (2) challenges and successes process of a student-centered sports club design, and (3) 'Can we play the real sport? -- Co-creating a student-centered sports club curriculum. Conclusion: Co-creating a student-centered after-school sports club had two key elements: collaborative work and time. These two key elements helped a student-centered pedagogy central to an activist approach to become the bridge that facilitates youth engagement in out-school settings such as an after-school sports club.

Relevance. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which appeared in late 2019 in China, has spread to almost all countries of the world in just a few months. The explosive nature of its spread was accompanied by the formation of large epidemic foci in organizations of various profiles, including leisure and sports. Aims. To establish the conditions and causes of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among the members of one of the sports clubs based on an in-depth epidemiological analysis. Materials and methods. To study the features of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a sports organization, the following documents were used previously developed by the authors and successfully tested in practice: «Act of epidemiological investigation of group and outbreak morbidity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) at an enterprise/organization/institution» and «Individual card of a patient with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) at the enterprise / organization/institution». In the process of epidemiological investigation, in order to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in PCR, a laboratory examination of sports club participants (sick and contact) was conducted, followed by genome-wide sequencing of isolated SARS-CoV-2 viruses on the basis of the Laboratory of Molecular Virology of the A. A. Smorodintsev Influenza Research Institute, which performs these types of studies. Results. Within 17 days, 26 cases of COVID- 19 were registered among the sports team members and staff from the support group (coaching staff, medical staff, administrators), which was 74.3% of their actual number. The majority of patients (76.9%) had mild acute respiratory infection, two (7.7%) had no symptoms, and four (15.4%) had interstitial pneumonia. Of the clinical manifestations of the disease, the most frequent were weakness, fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, difficulty in nasal breathing and serous-mucous discharge from the nose, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, anosmia and dyspeptic manifestations in the form of diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. The occurrence of the outbreak was the result of the introduction of infection from the opposing team at the tournament. The leading factors that contributed to the spread of COVID-19 among sports club members were the admission to games and training of athletes with acute respiratory infections, prolonged close contact between players during training and competitions, violations in the use of personal protective equipment, compliance with hygiene and hand antiseptics, disinfection measures in the premises of sports institutions and defects in the implementation of the regulations for the examination of teams for SARS-CoV-2 during tournaments. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, data were obtained on the features of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in sports organizations, which can be used in conducting preventive and anti-epidemic measures in sports and leisure institutions.

The club was founded in 1921. At that time, on the initiative of Marian Federak, Klub Sportowy Racovia was established. With the incorporation of the settlement of Raków into Częstochowa (1928), it changed its name to Raków Częstochowa. Its history was continuedboth in the interwar period, World War II and after the war. In the years 1998–2023, Robotniczy Klub Sportowy Raków Częstochowa was the most successful team from the Częstochowa region. After relegation from the first league in the 1997/1998 season, due to the result of organizational mistakes, the club was in debt. This was largely influenced by the financial problems of Huta Częstochowa. It had been themain sponsor of Raków for several decades. At the beginning of the 20th century, during one of the reporting and election meetings, a proposal was made to liquidate the club. However, this solution was postponed until a new association was prepared, which would formallymaintain the continuity of the sports team. In 2002, the Raków Klub Sportowy was established, continuing the tradition of RKS Raków. A few years later, another crisis occurred and the specter of collapse reoccurred (2009). A group of former Raków players gathered then, including Jerzy Brzęczek and Krzysztof Kołaczyk, who managed to stabilized the situation thanks to their actions. They acquired a new main sponsor, the company X-KOM. This enabled the association to be transformed into a joint-stock company (2011). From 2014, Michał Świerczewski became the owner of the club. Due to poor sports results, in 2016 he hired Marek Papszun as the first coach. In the following years, the Raków team achieved more and more sports successes, and in the 2022/2023 season they won the Ekstraklasa and won thetitle of Polish champion.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the relationship between high school students' willingness to participate in a school rope jumping club, their satisfaction with participation, and their satisfaction with school life. To this end, data were collected from 411 male and female high school students participating in a school rope jumping club in Incheon, and the following results were derived through factor analysis, frequency analysis, t -test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. First, male students showed higher scores than female students in all participation willingness factors. Second, the participation willingness factor partially significantly affected the program, leader, and health satisfaction of participation satisfaction. Third, enjoyment, skill development, and condition significantly affected academic activities and rule compliance, and in the case of peer relationships, sociability and skill development significantly affected. Fourth, in the case of academic activities, program satisfaction, leader satisfaction, and health satisfaction can be explained as having a significant effect, and in the case of rule compliance, program satisfaction and leader satisfaction significantly affected, and in the case of peer relationships, program satisfaction and leader satisfaction significantly affected. In this way, it was revealed that there was an overall significant effect between high school students' desire to participate in the school rope jumping club, participation satisfaction, and school life satisfaction., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation.)

Background: Sports Club for Health (SCforH) is among the largest European initiatives that promotes health through sports clubs. The recently developed SCforH online course has never been empirically evaluated. Objective: The aims of this study were to: (i) assess participant engagement in the course and course quality; and (ii) explore differences in the engagement levels and subjective assessments of course quality by stakeholder type, EU residency status, region of Europe, and prior awareness of SCforH guidelines. Methods: The study sample included 840 participants from 34 European countries, who attended the SCforH online course. Using web trigger events, we gathered information on the number of course parts completed and time in course. Course quality was assessed using the 12-item EDUcational Course Assessment TOOLkit (EDUCATOOL) post-course questionnaire, asking about participant’s reaction, learning, behavioural intent, and expected outcomes, where scores on the evaluation components were expressed on a scale from 0 to 25 points. The overall evaluation score (0–100 points) was calculated as the sum of evaluation components. Results: The vast majority of participants (92%) completed all 28 parts of the course, and the median time in course was 27.60 min (95% confidence interval [26.93, 28.27]). The medians of all evaluation components were ≥ 20.00, while the median overall evaluation score was 82.50 (95% confidence interval [81.11, 83.89]). Some aspects of course quality were rated slightly lower by residents of EU countries (compared with residents of non-EU countries), participants from Western Europe (compared with Central and Eastern Europe), and students (compared with representatives of sports clubs and associations; p < .05 for all). Conclusions: The level of participant engagement in the SCforH course and quality of the course are high, which demonstrates that this course is an adequate tool for dissemination of SCforH guidelines among various stakeholders in the European sports sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The positive effects of physical activity on physical fitness, bone health, academic achievement, cognitive functions, mental health, and reduced obesity have been proven. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sports club activities, physical activity selected health-related fitness, and the d2 attention test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in different sports clubs. A total of 78 male students aged 10-13 years participating in various branches of sports clubs were included in the study, 42 of whom were assigned to the sports group and 36 to the control group. Questionnaires were administered to assess sports club participation and attention levels, while physical health profiles were tested with body composition and Yo-Yo IR1C performance measures. Data were analyzed according to sports participation and the five most frequently reported sports. The means and standard deviation of each study value were calculated for the total subjects and by participating in sports activity using the IBM SPSS (version 23) analysis program. Data normality was checked and confirmed by the Skewness and Kurtosis Tests. RESULTS: The results showed that boys enrolled in a sports activity had lower body mass (-17.9%, P < 0.05 d = 0.72), body mass index (-13.4%, P < 0.05, d = 0.87), and body fat (%) (-54.1%, P < 0.05, d = 1.38) and higher VO2max 32.3% (P < 0.05, d = 3.67), than the non-active group. The boys active in sports clubs also had better results in the total number of items processed (11%, P < 0.05 d = 0.50) and in concentration performance (17.7%, P < 0.05 d = 0.56) than the non-active group. In correlation analyses, VO2max was negatively associated with body mass, body mass index, and body fat (P = 0.011; P = 0.001 and P = 0.00, respectively) and positively related to the total number of items processed and concentration performance (P = 0.003 and P = 0.015, respectively). In the Pearson Correlation analyses, body fat showed a lower negative correlation with TN (r = 0.33; P = 0.003) and CP (r = 0.28; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Boys participating in regular sports have lower body mass, BMI, and BF values. In addition, boys who participated in sports showed higher imaginary fitness and selective attention and concentration capacity results, as expected, for any sports part compared to their body peers. Another attempt from this study is that body mass and body fat percentage recovery are negatively associated with fitness. Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents due to sedentary living, which has become a worldwide epidemic, it is recommended that pedagogical and public health strategies and policies be developed based on the physical fitness level of children.

The perception of innovativeness within sports clubs can significantly impact consumer decision-making by reducing risk. This, in turn, can foster trust between martial arts clubs and their customers. This study seeks to investigate the role of COVID-19 risk perception in mediating the relationship between sports club innovativeness and trust in martial arts clubs, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was gathered from 249 individuals who participate in sports clubs in Ankara, the capital city of Tiirkiye. The hypotheses were tested using mediation analysis with the help of the Process macro. Research has demonstrated a connection between the perception of COVID-19 risk, the innovativeness of sports clubs, and the level of trust among individuals. Researchers have found that sports clubs' innovative practices reduce the perceived risk of COVID-19 among their members, thereby boosting trust in martial arts clubs. The result of the study has important implications for sports club managers during times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that prioritising firm innovativeness can be a crucial strategy to influence sports consumers' trust in sports clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]