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FOG COMPUTING FOR INTELLIGENT CLOUD IOT SYSTEMS This book is a comprehensive guide on fog computing and how it facilitates computing, storage, and networking services Fog computing is a decentralized computing structure that connects data, devices, and the cloud. It is an extension of cloud computing and is an essential concept in IoT (Internet of Things), as it reduces the burden of processing in cloud computing. It brings intelligence and processing closer to where the data is created and transmitted to other sources. Fog computing has many benefits, such as reduced latency in processing data, better response time that helps the user's experience, and security and privacy compliance that assures protecting the vital data in the cloud. It also reduces the cost of bandwidth, because the processing is achieved in the cloud, which reduces network bandwidth usage and increases efficiency as user devices share data in the local processing infrastructure rather than the cloud service. Fog computing has various applications across industries, such as agriculture and farming, the healthcare industry, smart cities, education, and entertainment. For example, in the agriculture industry, a very prominent example is the SWAMP project, which stands for Smart Water Management Platform. With fog computing's help, SWAMP develops a precision-based smart irrigation system concept used in agriculture, minimizing water wastage. This book is divided into three sections. The first section studies fog computing and machine learning, covering fog computing architecture, application perspective, computational offloading in mobile cloud computing, intelligent Cloud-IoT systems, machine learning fundamentals, and data visualization. The second section focuses on applications and analytics, spanning various applications of fog computing, such as in healthcare, Industry 4.0, cancer cell detection systems, smart farming, and precision farming. This section also covers analytics in fog computing using big data and patient monitoring systems, and the emergence of fog computing concerning applications and potentialities in traditional and digital educational systems. Security aspects in fog computing through blockchain and IoT, and fine-grained access through attribute-based encryption for fog computing are also covered. Audience The book will be read by researchers and engineers in computer science, information technology, electronics, and communication specializing in machine learning, deep learning, the cyber world, IoT, and security systems.

This book presents a comprehensive exploration of LPWANs, delving into their fundamental concepts, underlying technologies, and the multifaceted challenges they tackle. This book recognizes that LPWANs don't operate in isolation; they are intimately intertwined with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) technologies, which play a pivotal role in optimizing LPWAN performance and capabilities. The book is a collection of original contributions regarding air interface, transmission technologies and novel network architectures, such as network slicing, cloud/fog/edge computing, ad hoc networks and software-defined network. Also, this book provides a guide for researchers of IoT applications to choose suitable LPWAN technologies and describe the design aspects, network architectures, security issues and challenges.Features: Explains machine learning algorithms onto low-power wide area network sensors for compressed communications. Illustrates wireless-based Internet of Things networks using low-power wide area networks technology for quality air. Presents cognitive Internet of Things networks using wireless communication, and low-power wide area network technologies for Ad Hoc networks. Discusses a comprehensive study of low-power wide area networks for flying Ad Hoc networks. Showcases the study of energy efficient techniques aided by low-power wide area network technologies for the Internet of Things networks. The text is aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology.

Soil is the most important natural non-renewable resource developed over a longer period of time due to weathering of rocks and subsequently enrichment of organic matter. Soil provides habitat for numerous microorganisms and serves as a natural medium for plant growth, thereby providing the plants with anchorage, nutrients and water to sustain the growth. Soil also serves as a universal sink for all types of pollutants, purifies ground water and is a major reserve of carbon in the universe. The role of soils to provide ecosystem services, maintenance of environmental/human health and ensuring the food security makes it as the most important and basic natural resource. Soil Science helps us to elaborate and understand how the soils provide all these services. Soil Science also provides us the basic knowledge dealing with the origin of the soil parent material, weathering of parent material and the formation of soils, morphological, physico-chemical and biological features of soils, classification of soils and role of soils in the provision and maintenance of ecosystem services, food security and environmental quality. This book encompasses the various processes, functions and behaviour of soils very comprehensively to acquaint the students of soil, plant and environmental sciences about their role to perform different agricultural and environmental functions.