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For q > 1, a new Green's function provides solutions of inhomogeneous multiplicatively advanced ordinary differential equations (iMADEs) of form y(N)(t) − Ay(qt) = f(t) for t ∈ [0, ∞). Such solutions are extended to global solutions on ℝ. Applications to inhomogeneous separable multiplicatively advanced partial differential equations are presented. Solutions to a linear free forced q‐advanced Schrödinger equation are obtained, opening an avenue to applications in quantum mechanics. New q‐Mittag‐Leffler functions qEα,β and ΥN,p govern the allowable decay rate of the inhomogeneities f(t) in the above iMADE. This provides a refinement to standard distribution theory, as we show is necessary for this study of iMADEs. A q‐Fredholm theory is developed and related to the above approach. For f(t) whose antiderivatives provide eigenfuntions of the noncompact integral operator K below, we exhibit solutions of the iMADE. Examples are provided, including a certain class of Dirichlet series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In patients with poor left ventricular function, the determinants of outcome after revascularization are unknown., Methods: We studied prospectively 57 patients with stable coronary artery disease and poor left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.28 +/- 0.04) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Clinical variables were assessed as predictors of outcome in all patients, and preoperative stress thallium-201 scintigraphic data were analysed in 37 patients., Results: The operative mortality was 1.7%. At 12 months after operation, 46 of the 49 survivors were angina-free and 35 had fewer heart failure symptoms, but postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (0.30 +/- 0.09) did not change significantly. Eighteen survivors had left ventricular ejection fraction improved by 0.05 or more (0.30 +/- 0.03 preoperatively, 0.40 +/- 0.05 postoperatively; p = 0.0001). The adjusted odds ratio of large reversible thallium-201 defects in predicting such outcome was 15 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 140), whereas other clinical variables had no predictive value. The transplantation-free 5-year survival was 73%., Conclusions: In patients with poor left ventricular function, surgical revascularization can be performed safely, with good symptomatic relief and long-term survival. One-year survival and improvement in left ventricular function is better in patients with large reversible defects on preoperative stress thallium-201 scintigraphy.

Aims Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the standard of care for the management of patients with severe three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the optimal strategy for management of patients with CAD and severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) ≤35%] is not clear. A meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to determine the operative mortality and long-term (5-year actuarial survival) outcomes among patients with severe LV dysfunction undergoing CABG. Methods and results A systematic computerized literature search was performed and observational studies consisting of patients undergoing isolated CABG for CAD and severe LV dysfunction were included. Studies that did not report operative mortality, long-term (≥1 year) survival data, or pre-operative EF and multiple studies from the same group were excluded. In total, 4119 patients from 26 observational clinical studies were included. The estimated mean age was 63.9 years and 82.4% of patients were men. The mean (estimate) pre-operative EF was 24.7% (95% CI 22.5–27.0%). The operative mortality among patients (26 studies, n= 3621) who underwent on-pump CABG was 5.4%, n= 189 (95% CI 4.5–6.4%). The 5-year actuarial survival among patients (13 studies, n= 1980) who underwent on-pump CABG was 73.4%, n= 1483 (95% CI 68.7–77.7%). Patients who underwent off-pump CABG (7 studies, n= 498) tended to have reduced operative mortality of 4.4%, n= 20 (95% CI 2.8–6.4%). The mean (estimate) post-operative EF was 35.19% (95% CI 31.95–38.43%). Conclusion The present meta-analysis demonstrates that based on data from available observational clinical studies, CABG can be performed with acceptable operative mortality and 5-year actuarial survival in patients with severe LV dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE-- To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-- Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured. RESULTS-- HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P < 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit. CONCLUSIONS -- The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of patients with severe ventricular dysfunction from coronary artery disease is constantly increasing. Although the medical management of these patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers has favorable impact on the morbidity and mortality the overall prognosis is still poor. Historically many of these patients have been referred for transplantation. In the past few years there has been an increasing amount of information about the utility of surgical revascularization in patients with low ejection fraction. Careful patient selection and optimal perioperative management is of critical importance for good outcome. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) can be performed relatively safely despite the advanced level of left ventricular dysfunction. Quality of life is improved by CABG with elimination of angina and enhanced functional capacity. Improvement in the ejection fraction and increased survival after the operation has been objectively demonstrated. However patients with advanced right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, redo bypass and ungraftable coronaries should be considered for heart transplantation. In this review we describe our experience and focus on pertinent issues in patient selection, perioperative management and long term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accelerated shrinkage of the Arctic sea ice cover is the main reason for the recent Arctic amplification of global warming. There is growing evidence that the ocean is involved in this phenomenon, but to what extent remains unknown. Here, a unique dataset of hydrographic profiles is used to infer the regional pattern of recent subsurface ocean warming and construct a skillful predictor for surface climate variability in the Barents Sea region - a hotspot of the recent climate change. It is shown that, in the era of satellite observations (1981–2018), summertime temperature anomalies of Atlantic water heading for the Arctic Ocean explain more than 80% of the variance of the leading mode of variability in the following winter sea ice concentration over the entire Northern Hemisphere, with main centers of action just in the Barents Sea region. Results from empirical forecast experiments demonstrate that predictability of the wintertime sea ice cover in the Barents Sea from subsurface ocean heat anomalies might have increased since the Arctic climate shift of the mid-2000s. In contrast, the corresponding predictability of the sea ice cover in the nearby Greenland Sea has been lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]