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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the short-term effects of mini-gastric bypass (MGB) or one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) procedures on weight loss in individuals with obesity., Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Medicano Hospital, Erbil, Iraq, from January 2019 to May 2020. Preoperative body mass index (BMI), age, height and preoperative weight were recorded as baseline measures. Weight-related changes were evaluated during a follow-up phase of 48 weeks., Results: A total of 104 patients with obesity underwent MGB or OAGB surgery. The mean baseline parameters of the subjects before surgery included 1.64 m for height, 122.9 kg for weight and 45.6 kg/m 2 for BMI. During the 48-week follow-up period, there was a substantial reduction in mean weight, which dropped from 122.9 kg at baseline to 75.5 kg at week 48. The weight change (in percentage) gradually increased from -11.8% at week 12 to -37.9% at week 48, without statistically significant association with demographic factors or chronic diseases. From week 12 to week 48, the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) increased substantially from 26.8% to 86.1%. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the %EWL was considerably higher among those aged 30 or older at week 36 and singles at week 48., Conclusion: This study's results illustrate the efficacy of MGB or OAGB procedures in significantly reducing weight in the short term. The %EWL increased with the follow-up time and was significantly associated with age and marital status., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© Copyright 2024, Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, All Rights Reserved.)

Objective: Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic inflammation (HI) in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. However, their pathophysiological relevance and potential reversibility need to be better defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on radiological biomarkers of HI and the association between the severity of such radiological alterations and post-BS weight loss (WL) trajectories. The utility of cerebrospinal fluid large extracellular vesicles (CSF-lEVs) enriched for microglial and astrocyte markers in studying HI was also explored., Research Design and Methods: We included 72 individuals with obesity (20 with and 52 without type 2 diabetes) and 24 control individuals. Participants underwent lumbar puncture and 3-T MRI at baseline and 1-year post-BS. We assessed hypothalamic mean diffusivity (MD) (higher values indicate lesser microstructural integrity) and the volume of the whole and main hypothalamic subregions. CSF-lEVs enriched for glial and astrocyte markers were determined by flow cytometry., Results: Compared with control group, the obesity and type 2 diabetes groups showed a larger volume and higher MD in the hypothalamic tubular inferior region, the area encompassing the arcuate nucleus. These radiological alterations were positively associated with baseline anthropometric and metabolic measures and improved post-BS. A larger baseline tubular inferior hypothalamic volume was independently related to lesser WL 1 and 2 years after BS. CSF-lEVs did not differ among groups and were unrelated to WL trajectories., Conclusions: These findings suggest HI improvement after BS and may support a role for HI in modulating the WL response to these interventions., (© 2024 by the American Diabetes Association.)

PURPOSE The aim of this research was to examine the effects of short-term weight loss on stress hormone and EEG in weight athletes. METHODS Subjects were divided into 3 groups: CON (n=7, control), LWL (n=7, low weight loss), and HWL (n=7, high weight loss). RESULTS The results were as follows: 1) There were significantly decreased on body fat and WHR in HWL group (p

Introduction: Obesity causes thrombophilia and many coagulation problems related to slowing the capillary flow. We aimed to evaluate rapid weight loss outcomes in the early period after bariatric surgery on the coagulation system. Materials and Method . A prospective study enrolled 28 patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m 2 who underwent bariatric surgery. Preoperative and postoperative (first and third months) demographic criteria-such as age, gender, weight, height, and alcohol and tobacco use, and biochemical parameters such as PLT, PT, aPTT, INR, bleeding time, coagulation time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, albumin, calcium, ionized calcium, vitamin D, and PTH-were analyzed., Results: We found that both bleeding and thrombotic parameters increase in early-slowing surgery. The first-month platelet levels were significantly different from the preoperative values ( p  < 0.001). The prothrombin time in the first ( p  < 0.001) and third months ( p  < 0.009) was also comparable. The PTT in the first month was higher than in the preoperative period ( p  < 0.011). INR in the first month ( p  < 0.001) was higher than that in the preoperative period and the third month ( p  = 0.007) value was higher than in the first month. In terms of fibrinogen levels, all parameters indicated statistical significance within each other; preoperative to the first month ( p  < 0.001), the first month to the third month ( p  < 0.016). Third-month D-dimer levels were lower than the first month's values ( p  = 0.032)., Conclusion: Thromboembolic events have crucial importance in the converse scenario of haemorrhagic diathesis during the first months of bariatric surgery. Vitamin support and antithrombotic agents may be recommended in the early postoperative period., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ahmed Taha et al.)

Abstract Background It is very important for clinicians and dieticians to explore reasonable weight management strategies for obese people that address both short-term weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. We hypothesized that resistance training combined with a high-protein diet would result in similar short-term weight loss but better long-term weight maintenance than either a conventional low-fat diet control or a high-protein diet alone. Methods/design This is an 8-week randomized parallel controlled trial followed by a 24-week observational follow-up study. A 48-week supplementary follow-up study will be carried out if necessary. The study will be conducted between June 2019 and October 2020. The 90 overweight or obese participants will be randomly assigned to the conventional low-fat diet group, the high-protein diet group and the high-protein diet and resistance training combination group. Primary outcomes are body weight change at week 8 and week 24 compared with the baseline level. Discussion High-quality research on the effect of a high-protein diet combined resistance training on weight loss and weight maintenance is limited in the Chinese population. Our study will provide a basis for obesity management in China and will promote the development of exercise- and diet-related studies. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023841. Registered on 14 June 2019.

Introduction. Gastric bypass surgery is a gold standard therapy for severe obesity. This study aimed to evaluate anthropometric predictors for short-term excess weight loss (EWL) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in a sample of severely obese patients. Materials and Methods. This cohort study was conducted on severely obese candidates for RYGB bariatric surgery in Mashhad, Iran. Indirect calorimetry, anthropometric measurements, and body composition data were collected before, one, and six months after RYGB. Results. Fifty-four participants (43, 79.6% women and 11, 20.4% men) with a mean age of 39.63 ± 9.66 years participated in this study. The mean total weight and BMI loss within six months were 32.89 ± 20.22 kg and 12.37 ± 7.34 kg/m2, respectively. The mean reduction in adipose tissue and fat-free mass was 24.49 kg and 7.46 kg, respectively. The mean resting metabolism rate (RMR) reduction at one and six months after RYGB was 260.49 kcal and 396.07 kcal, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean RMR between the baseline and one and six months after RYGB (p0.05). Baseline skeletal muscle mass (SMM), excess BMI loss (EBMIL) at first month after surgery, and baseline neck circumference (NC) could predict EWL six months after surgery. Conclusion. Reduced RMR shortly after RYGB may be due to FFM reduction. Some anthropometric and their acute changes after RYGB may predict the short-term EWL in RYGB patients.

Background: The hypothalamic–pituitary–tyhroid axis is directly affected by drastic changes in energy stores. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) treatment on cut-surface healing of remnant stomach with weight loss alterations after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Methods: Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: sham (n = 6), control (n = 12), and experimental (n = 12). Control and experimental group rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Experimental group rats received a single dose of T3 (400 mg/100 g) on the first postoperative day whereas control group rats received 0.9% NaCl. All rats were sacrificed on the seventh postoperative day. Results: In the group of rats receiving T3, levels of FT3 were significantly higher and that of FT4 were significantly lower compared with both the control and sham group rats (p .05). Microscopic examination of the cut surface of remnant stomach in the control group rats revealed significantly more severe tissue necrosis, edema, and disruption of mucosal epithelium than in the T3 group rats (p

Background: A detrimental consequence of diet-induced weight loss, common in athletes who participate in weight cutting sports, is muscle loss. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) exhibit a protective effect on the loss of muscle tissue during catabolic situations such as injury-simulated leg immobilization. This study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary n-3PUFA supplementation on changes in body composition and muscle strength following short-term diet-induced weight loss in resistance-trained men.Methods: Twenty resistance-trained young (23 ± 1 years) men were randomly assigned to a fish oil group that supplemented their diet with 4 g n-3PUFA, 18 g carbohydrate, and 5 g protein (FO) or placebo group containing an equivalent carbohydrate and protein content (CON) over a 6 week period. During weeks 1–3, participants continued their habitual diet. During week 4, participants received all food items to control energy balance and a macronutrient composition of 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. During weeks 5 and 6, participants were fed an energy-restricted diet equivalent to 60% habitual energy intake. Body composition and strength were measured during weeks 1, 4, and 6.Results: The decline in total body mass (FO = −3.0 ± 0.3 kg, CON = −2.6 ± 0.3 kg), fat free mass (FO = −1.4 ± 0.3 kg, CON = −1.2 ± 0.3 kg) and fat mass (FO = −1.4 ± 0.2 kg, CON = −1.3 ± 0.3 kg) following energy restriction was similar between groups (all p > 0.05; d: 0.16–0.39). Non-dominant leg extension 1 RM increased (6.1 ± 3.4%) following energy restriction in FO (p < 0.05, d = 0.29), with no changes observed in CON (p > 0.05, d = 0.05). Dominant leg extension 1 RM tended to increase following energy restriction in FO (p = 0.09, d = 0.29), with no changes in CON (p > 0.05, d = 0.06). Changes in leg press 1 RM, maximum voluntary contraction and muscular endurance following energy restriction were similar between groups (p > 0.05, d = 0.05).Conclusion: Any possible improvements in muscle strength during short-term weight loss with n-3PUFA supplementation are not related to the modulation of FFM in resistance-trained men.

Physical activity could be associated with psychosocial correlates of changes in eating behaviors required for weight loss. This field investigation assessed relationships of physical activity with early changes in psychosocial variables such as depression, fatigue, and body satisfaction; and their effect on fruit/vegetable and sweets intake and weight change. Emerging adult women from a university setting (Mage = 20.4 years, SD = 2.0; n = 36) and adult women from a community health-promotion setting (Mage = 45.6 years, SD = 7.3; n = 36), participating in the same cognitive-behavioral weight-loss program that initiated physical activity prior to nutrition changes, were first contrasted on measures of physical activity, psychosocial changes, eating changes, and weight; then on their theory-based interrelations. The emerging adult women had significantly higher baseline scores on depression and physical activity, and significantly lower scores on fruit/vegetable intake. Improvements over 3 months in the psychosocial and behavioral variables and weight were significant, but did not significantly differ by group. Weight loss means were -3.89 kg and -4.16 kg, respectively. Using aggregated data, serial mediation analyses identified a significant path from change in physical activity, to change in depression, to change in intake of sweets, to change in weight. Paths were also significant when improvement in tension and fatigue was entered as the psychosocial variable. Age group did not moderate those relationships. Findings improved understandings of age effects, and interrelations of psychosocial and behavioral predictors of short-term weight loss that could help longer-term treatment targets.