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Thomas Mann and the historian of the Late Empire Otto Seeck corresponded from 1911 until at least 1917. While all of Seeck’s letters to Mann appear to have been lost, there are five surviving letters from Mann to Seeck, four of which are being published here for the first time. Between 1911 and 1917, Mann generally professed conservative political ideas, and during the First World War he enthusiastically supported his country’s war efforts. A similar conservative and nationalistic trait can be found in Seeck’s popularising works at the time. Thus, before Mann turned to a republican allegiance, he had had an affinity with Seeck, and mentioned the writing of his conservative essay Betrachtungen eines Un­politischen in two letters to him. On 24 January 1911, Mann thanked Seeck for his hospitality on a visit to Münster and sent an autograph for one of Seeck’s daughters. In a letter dated 9 April 1916, Mann outlined the qualities and weak­nesses of his own essay on Frederick the Great, mentioned its reception among scholars and the wider public, and gave his opinion on historical fiction. On 16 February 1917, he thanked Seeck for sending him one of his essays, and, just over a month later (24 March 1917), for sending him a new essay, and men­tioned his own forthcoming book, Aufzeichnungen eines Unpolitischen (not yet entitled Betrachtungen).

Commercial ultrahigh-field 7 Tesla (T) MRI has been approved for clinical brain imaging, including applications in epilepsy and brain tumors. Increasing magnetic field strength offers significant advantages over lower-field MRI due to improved spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio. These improvements provide better anatomical delineation and gray-white matter tissue-contrast differentiation.We present a case of a presumed dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) imaged at 7 T MRI of the second generation, which revealed an unprecedented level of detail of the complex and intricate tumor architecture. Insights of its different components correlate closely with its known histopathological features. These tumors are unique among low-grade neoplasms due to their distinct clinical presentation, imaging features, and histopathological architecture. DNETs are rare, typically occurring in young patients with refractory epilepsy, and are classified by their well-defined histological subtypes. We review the various MRI patterns of DNET, which have been shown to correlate with histological subtypes and the extent of the epileptogenic zone.Complete tumor resection is essential for long-term control and recurrence prevention, emphasizing the importance of precise preoperative visualization of the tumor and its surrounding tissue. In this case, 7 T images demonstrated superior lesion conspicuity and clearer boundaries, highlighting the advantages of ultrahigh-field MRI in defining the full extent of the lesion. Although 7 T MRI is not yet widely available, it has started to gain an important role in the management of epilepsy, particularly for cases requiring detailed structural analysis.

RESUMEN: Entre las dos guerras mundiales, Alemania vivía del profundo impulso que había conseguido llevar a alturas inconmensurables a la ciencia de la Antigüedad en los años de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera del XX. La primera guerra mundial no había roto tal impulso y todas las grandes obras comenzadas a fines del siglo pasado seguían en camino hacia la plenitud. La Realencyclopâdie veía aparecer su volumen X en 1919 y el XI en 1922 y siguió apareciendo sin interrupción; El JAW que fundara Bursian siguió saliendo regularmente hasta 1945; las grandes revistas sobre el mundo antiguo seguían todas su vida con renovado vigor; la filosofía y teología de la historia veían desplegarse sus días de mayor gloria en el ambiente de enorme riqueza y florecimiento en la vida ricamente motivada de la Europa central del segundo cuarto de nuestro siglo. En el terreno de la historia del mundo tardo-imperial la figura más señera de aquellos años era E. Stein quien en 1926 había publicado el I volumen de su Geschichte des Spàtrômischen Reiches, pero junto a él, aunque ya muerto, la figura de Otto Seeck seguía ocupando un importante lugar en el firmamento de la historia romana tardía.

Purpose: This paper reviews what has been written on leadership development from the leadership-as-practice (L-A-P) perspective, which views leadership as emerging in everyday activities and interactions of a collective in a specific context. This paper aims to deepen the theoretical understanding of how leadership can be learned and developed from the L-A-P perspective. Design/methodology/approach: An integrative literature review was undertaken to review and synthesise what has been written on the topic in journal articles and scholarly books. Findings: The importance of the context and the practices that are embedded in it is the most central aspect affecting leadership development from the L-A-P perspective. This places workplace leadership development centre stage, but several papers also showed that leadership programmes have an important role. Not only collective capacity building is emphasised in the papers, but the importance of individual-level leader development is also recognised. Originality/value: The contribution of this study is twofold--First, it brings the currently fractured information on L-A-P development together to enhance theory building by providing a synthesis of the literature. Second, a conceptual framework is constructed to show how the L-A-P perspective on leadership development can take both leadership development at the collective and individual levels into account, as well as the learning that takes place either inside or outside the workplace. This study's results and framework show that the development has its own specific purpose and suggested methods in both levels, in both learning sites.

Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder, with many different constituent conditions characterized by their electro clinical, imaging, and genetic features. MRI has been fundamental in advancing our understanding of brain processes in the epilepsies. Smaller-scale studies have identified many interesting imaging phenomena, with implications both for understanding pathophysiology and improving clinical care. Through the infrastructure and concepts now well-established by the ENIGMA Consortium, ENIGMA-Epilepsy was established to strengthen epilepsy neuroscience by greatly increasing sample sizes, leveraging ideas and methods established in other ENIGMA projects, and generating a body of collaborating scientists and clinicians to drive forward robust research. Here we review published, current, and future projects, that include structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), and that employ advanced methods including structural covariance, and event-based modeling analysis. We explore age of onset- and duration-related features, as well as phenomena-specific work focusing on particular epilepsy syndromes or phenotypes, multimodal analyses focused on understanding the biology of disease progression, and deep learning approaches. We encourage groups who may be interested in participating to make contact to further grow and develop ENIGMA-Epilepsy.

Abstract In patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who are considering surgery, intracranial EEG (iEEG) helps delineate the putative epileptogenic zone. In a minority of patients, iEEG fails to identify seizure onsets. In such cases, it might be worthwhile to reimplant more iEEG electrodes. The consequences of such a strategy for the patient are unknown. We matched 12 patients in whom the initially implanted iEEG electrodes did not delineate the seizure onset zone precisely enough to offer resective surgery, and in whom additional iEEG electrodes were implanted during the same inpatient stay, to controls who did not undergo reimplantation. Seven cases and eight controls proceeded to resective surgery. No intracranial infection occurred. One control suffered an intracranial hemorrhage. Three cases and two controls suffered from a post‐operative neurological or neuropsychological deficit. We found no difference in post‐operative seizure control between cases and controls. Compared to an ILAE score of 5 (ie, stable seizure frequency in the absence of resective surgery), cases showed significant improvement. Reimplantation of iEEG electrodes can offer the possibility of resective epilepsy surgery to patients in whom the initial iEEG investigation was inconclusive, without compromising on the risk of complications or seizure control.

Abstract Background Conflicting findings exist regarding the influence of sex on the development, treatment, course, and outcome of status epilepticus (SE). Our study aimed to investigate sex-related disparities in adult SE patients, focusing on treatment, disease course, and outcome at two Swiss academic medical centers. Methods In this retrospective study, patients treated for SE at two Swiss academic care centers from Basel and Geneva from 2015 to 2021 were included. Primary outcomes were return to premorbid neurologic function, death during hospital stay and at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included characteristics of treatment and disease course. Associations with primary and secondary outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Analysis using propensity score matching was performed to account for the imbalances regarding age between men and women. Results Among 762 SE patients, 45.9% were women. No sex-related differences were found between men and women, except for older age and lower frequency of intracranial hemorrhages in women. Compared to men, women had a higher median age (70 vs. 66, p = 0.003), had focal nonconvulsive SE without coma more (34.9% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.005) and SE with motor symptoms less often (52.3% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.002). With longer SE duration (1 day vs. 0.5 days, p = 0.011) and a similar proportion of refractory SE compared to men (36.9% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.898), women were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated less often (30.6% vs. 42%, p = 0.001). Age was associated with all primary outcomes in the unmatched multivariable analyses, but not female sex. In contrast, propensity score-matched multivariable analyses revealed decreased odds for return to premorbid neurologic function for women independent of potential confounders. At hospital discharge, women were sent home less (29.7% vs. 43.7%, p