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For students to be able to compete and overcome challenges in the future, critical thinking is essential. The study's descriptive methodology aims to describe the students' critical thinking abilities. Every high school in a South Sulawesi district made up the research population. Based on school accreditation, with the use of a proportionate stratified random sampling technique, 150 students were chosen to comprise the research sample. The test instrument used is an essay distributed online. The indicators for the description questions are interpretation, analysis, and interpretation thinking skills. According to the study's findings, students' critical thinking abilities in static fluid material have an average score in the medium category of 73.09. In terms of school accreditation, students' physics critical thinking abilities average 73.87 for schools with A accreditation, 72.43 for schools with B accreditation, and 68.47 for schools with C accreditation. The percentage of each indicator of critical thinking skills is 34.58 in inference, 33.70 in analysis, and 31.71 in interpretation. It is anticipated that this study will give a broad picture of students' critical thinking competencies for teachers to choose and implement the most suitable stimulus to aid students in developing their critical thinking abilities.

Background: Early Childhood Education Institutions (ECEIs) require a model for the cultivation of religious values from an early age. Religion encompasses fundamental values that strongly instil belief in the existence of God and promote harmonious relationships among individuals. This study examines the role of ECEIs in fostering religious values in early childhood. Aim: This study aims to explore the cultivation of religious values in early childhood, which includes philosophy and models of the cultivation of religious values. Setting: This research was conducted in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: Researchers chose five early childhood educational institutions with 30 participants, teachers, and managers of early childhood educational institutions. The analytical approach used is the "Discovering Cultural Themes" model. Results: The spirit of 'Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madya Mangun Karso, and Tut Wuri Handayani' serves as the philosophy guiding teachers to act as role models, inspire enthusiasm, and recognise the potential of young children. This philosophy is broken down into four main themes: 'I Love the Earth', 'I Love Indonesia', 'Playing and Cooperating/We Are All Brothers', and 'My Imagination and Creativity'. The cultivation model includes introduction, habituation, and exemplary actions by parents and teachers. Conclusion: Philosophical values are cultivated through recognition, habituation, and example. The acculturation model starts from the identification of religious and cultural values followed by institutionalisation and encouragement by teachers and parents. Contribution: The role of early childhood educational institutions in the acculturation of religious values is a vital characteristic of schools managed by the government and foundations in Indonesia.

Purpose: This research examined the direct and indirect effect of university social responsibility (USR) on student loyalty through the mediation of service quality and university image. Design/methodology/approach: The sample includes 35 students from Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, a private university, and 74 respondents from Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, a state university, totaling 109 respondents. The data were obtained by sending a questionnaire in the form of Google Docs through the student WhatsApp groups at the universities. Furthermore, the four variable constructs were tested with loading factors to determine reliability, and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the construct validity. The research hypotheses were tested via path analysis using the WarpPLS 8.0 statistical tool. Findings: The results showed that the image of the university mediates the relationship between USR and student loyalty. Meanwhile, service quality does not mediate the relationship. The USR had a direct relationship with service quality, university image and student loyalty. The image of the university also had a direct effect on student loyalty, while service quality had an insignificant effect on student loyalty. Therefore, based on the coefficient value, the indirect effect between USR and student loyalty through the image of the university is stronger than the direct effect between USR and student loyalty. Originality/value: Several previous models examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer loyalty in general, but this research has applications in the education sector with a different concept, namely USR with different measurements.

This study aims to produce diisopropyl ether (DIPE) via isopropanol dehydration using cobalt-phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts. The catalytic activities of the zeolite/CoO and zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 were compared. The as-prepared catalysts were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface acidity was determined using the gravimetric method with pyridine as the probe. The results of this study showed that natural zeolite was favorably impregnated by CoO and Co(H2PO4)2 species. The impregnation process affected the textural and acidic features of the catalysts. The zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 catalyst with a loading of 8 mEq.g-1 exhibited the highest surface acidity of 1.827 mmol.g-1. This catalyst also promoted the highest catalytic activity towards isopropanol dehydration, with an isopropanol conversion of 66.19%, DIPE selectivity, and yield of 46.72% and 34.99%, respectively. The cobalt phosphate species promoted higher catalytic activity for isopropanol dehydration than the CoO species. This study demonstrated the potential of cobalt phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts for DIPE production with adequate performance. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Learning strategies are one of the key components in the teaching and learning process. Numerous studies have stated that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT), which is a part of cooperative learning strategies, has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes. However, its application in teaching Qira'ah Jahriyah (reading aloud) has not been widely explored. Therefore, researchers conducted a study at MTs.S Pondok Pesantren Al-Muttaqin Balai Belo Agam to determine the effectiveness of the TGT strategy in learning Qira'ah Jahriyah. The research employed a quantitative approach with experimental methods and utilized a Quasi-Experimental Design with purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 8th-grade students divided into two classes. Data collection was conducted using tests, and data analysis was performed using the t-test in SPSS 22. In the experimental class, the minimum posttest score was 75 and the maximum was 95, with a mean of 83.21. In the control class, the minimum score was 60 and the maximum was 85, with a mean of 73.57. The results showed that the t-test, Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant influence of the TGT cooperative learning strategy on the Qira'ah Jahriyah learning outcomes of 8th-grade students at MTs.S Al-Muttaqin Islamic Boarding School, Balai Belo Agam.

Arabic language learning innovations are developing with various learning media, such as mindmapping. The use of mindmapping-based media can provide learning experiences for students. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of Mind Mapping concept in narrative writing skills for ethnic groups in Indonesia. A mixed research design was used with a quantitative approach to test the effectiveness of learning writing skills using Mind Mapping and a qualitative approach to identify student creativity in developing narrative paragraphs. 35 students who studied writing skills at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang in the Arabic Language Education study program were involved. The results showed that; 1) The effectiveness of Mind Mapping in narrative writing showed an increase in the average learning outcomes for writing skills to 77.91 which showed positive significance; 2) Creativity in writing narratives about Indonesian ethnic groups was identified including the distribution of the meaning of ethnic groups, characteristics of ethnic groups and examples of traditional culture, characterized by varied writing structures with the choice of various grammatical structures such as the arrangement of verbal phrases, adjectives, prepositions, adverbial attributes and nominal phrases. This article confirmed that the use of Mind Mapping for learning writing skills can develop paragraph ideas for writing skills in higher education.

Determining inauspicious days in Javanese marriage traditions is significant. Sometimes, this leads to debates and controversies from various perspectives as it is considered contrary to Islamic law. This research aims to examine the determination of inauspicious days in Javanese marriage traditions during the month of Muharram (Suro). This study employs an empirical juridical approach using theories of social change and Islamic legal theory, particularly social tradition ('urf) and public interest (maslahah). Data is collected through interviews and literature reviews. Subsequently, the data is analyzed using these theories through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing processes. The research results reveal that the determination of inauspicious days in marriage traditions is based on the societal belief in the existence of inauspicious days for couples marrying in the month of Suro. This belief is grounded in experiences and stories passed down through generations. On the other hand, the concept of maslahah refers to the welfare or benefit for humans. In the context of inauspicious days for marriage, maslahah refers to efforts to prevent conflicts between couples and families. Furthermore, from the perspective of Islamic law, prohibiting marriage in the month of Suro in North Luwu Regency is permissible because there are no prohibitions in the Quran or hadith against it. Such traditions in Islamic law are referred to as ‘urf shahih, which are good and permissible customs as long as they do not contradict sharia. The prohibition is valid if it is based on the motivation to obey parental advice (birr al-walidayn) and as a form of respect for deceased parents, and linking everything that happens to the will of Allah SWT. However, if the tradition contradicts sharia and harms faith, then the tradition cannot be practiced.

Tracking the matrix is ​​the sum of the elements on the main diagonal of the matrix. This study aims to determine the Trace of a specially shaped quadratic FLDcircr matrix. In determining the Trace of a squared FLDcircr matrix, there are a number of steps to be take. First determine the special shape of the to 8x8 FLDcircr, matrix so that the general shape of FLDcircr, is formed to form a special quadratic.Furthermore, from the equations obtained, we can determine the Trace of the FLDcircr matrix in the form of a special quadratic order of the matrix to , Having obtained the general form of Trace from the FLDcircr matrix, we can prove it by direct proof

Business performance is an urgent topic to explore because there are many aspects that influence it. One thing that can guarantee business performance is open-minded entrepreneurship, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism. In this context, businesses in the form of Food and Beverage (F&B) have become popular in the last few decades in Indonesia. From this research, it investigates the effects of open-minded entrepreneurs, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism on business performance. Apart from that, it also dissects the relevance of open-minded entrepreneurship and uncertain readiness on business performance which is mediated by entrepreneurial optimism. The quantitative method was operated via an online survey involving cafe and restaurant owners (N = 128) spread across several big cities in Indonesia. Then, the data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). As a result, of the five hypotheses developed, three were accepted. Open-minded entrepreneurship, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism are proven to influence business performance. On the one hand, the other two hypotheses are rejected, where open-minded entrepreneurship or uncertain readiness have no impact on business performance through entrepreneurial optimism. By implication, the output of the research is interesting to highlight in the future. Optimism in too high a capacity can harm the business. This is triggered by the level of vigilance and actions of business owners in making decisions based on irrational emotions.

Background: Early Childhood Education Institutions (ECEIs) require a model for the cultivation of religious values from an early age. Religion encompasses fundamental values that strongly instil belief in the existence of God and promote harmonious relationships among individuals. This study examines the role of ECEIs in fostering religious values in early childhood. Aim: This study aims to explore the cultivation of religious values in early childhood, which includes philosophy and models of the cultivation of religious values. Setting: This research was conducted in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: Researchers chose five early childhood educational institutions with 30 participants, teachers, and managers of early childhood educational institutions. The analytical approach used is the Discovering Cultural Themes model. Results: The spirit of ‘Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madya Mangun Karso, and Tut Wuri Handayani’ serves as the philosophy guiding teachers to act as role models, inspire enthusiasm, and recognise the potential of young children. This philosophy is broken down into four main themes: ‘I Love the Earth’, ‘I Love Indonesia’, ‘Playing and Cooperating/We Are All Brothers’, and ‘My Imagination and Creativity’. The cultivation model includes introduction, habituation, and exemplary actions by parents and teachers. Conclusion: Philosophical values are cultivated through recognition, habituation, and example. The acculturation model starts from the identification of religious and cultural values followed by institutionalisation and encouragement by teachers and parents. Contribution: The role of early childhood educational institutions in the acculturation of religious values is a vital characteristic of schools managed by the government and foundations in Indonesia.

Trichoderma sp. membantu menyediakan unsur hara bagi tanaman dengan mempercepat terjadinya dekomposisi senyawa organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit jeruk siam pontianak pada tanah gambut dengan pemberian inokulan T. harzianum (R3). Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) perlakuan sebanyak lima, masing-masing empat ulangan. Variabel pengamatan berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Berdasarkan uji analisi sidik ragam, pemberian inokulan T. harzianum (R3) tidak memiliki pengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, akan tetapi memiliki pengaruh nyata pada berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Pemberian 50 g inokulan T. harzianum (R3) merupakan dengan perlakuan terbaik untuk pertumbuhan bibit jeruk siam pontianak.

Pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are prone to malnutrition due to prolonged imbalances in the intake of essential nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women. This study had a quantitative, cross-sectional design and was conducted from June to August 2023 in the working area of the Parung Panjang Health Center, Bogor Regency. The sample size in this study was 140 pregnant women using purposive sampling. The respondents’ characteristics were obtained through questionnaire interviews. MUAC was collected through MUAC tape, dietary intake using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) form, and hemoglobin through a rapid test. Analysis was performed using the chi-square statistical test at 95% CI. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of CED was 20,7%. There was a significant relationship between maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infectious diseases, knowledge, energy, and protein adequacy and CED in pregnant women (p 0,05). In conclusion, the determinants of CED include maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infection, knowledge, energy, and protein intake.

Background: Herbal tea Is one of the herbal drinks that has been widely consumed by Indonesian people and known as tea that have functional properties, one of them is source of antioxidants. Antioxidants can be obtained from a lot of sources, such as the mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and cloves. The use of cinnamon and clove expected to increase the consumers’ preference towards this tea. Objectives: This research aims at evaluating the acceptance level of several sensory parameters of tea made of mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and clove. Methods: The experimental design used in this research was completely randomized design with three replications, resulting in 27 samples of herbal tea. Besides, the data obtained from panelists will be analyzed by using Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The results show that the addition of cinnamon and cloves showed a significant difference. The more addition of spices will lower the panelist score. It can be seen in the sample containing 24 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon (B4) which had the highest panelist score in color, taste, and bitterness aspects. While the lowest panelist score was obtained by a sample containing 12 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon and cloves (A1). Conclusions: The more spices added, especially cloves will reduce the liking score. The result obtained by this research can be used for optimization of the best formula so maximum points can be known.

Previous research states that viral marketing has an important role in increasing consumer purchasing intentions, viral marketing can also encourage increased brand awareness. This research aims to analyze the relationship between Viral marketing and purchasing decisions, Brand awareness and purchasing decisions, and Viral marketing and purchasing decisions. This research method is quantitative through surveys, research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires to 720 selected online shop customers in Indonesia using a simple random sampling method, and the online questionnaire was designed using statement items with a Likert scale of 1 to 7. Data analysis used a structural equation model based on covariance (CB-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 software to analyze research data. The independent variables are viral marketing and brand awareness, and the dependent variable is purchasing decisions. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing, model fit testing, and significance testing of hypothesis testing. The results of this research are that Viral marketing has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions, Brand awareness has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions, and Viral marketing has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions. Viral marketing is one of the factors that can influence purchase intentions. Viral marketing is expected to have multiple effects because many people who receive the message can convey it to tens or even hundreds of other internet users. Brand awareness can influence consumers toward purchasing decisions, which states that brand awareness has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.

Multilingual conditions can threaten the mother tongue in a tourism area because most people use other languages when interacting with tourists. Thus, it can hamper the inheritance of the mother tongue or even replace it with another language. This study used a sociolinguistic theoretical approach to measure the mother tongue’s vitality level in a multilingual community in Dieng, Central Java. This descriptive study used a mixed method. Data were collected from interviews with 53 informants and with the help of a research instrument namely the Interview Package of “Basa Urang”. Data were analyzed based on Miles dan Huberman’s model (1984), covering data collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The study results showed that the vitality of the mother tongue in the multilingual community in Dieng, Central Java is in the vulnerable category as the mother tongue is only used in the domestic domain. This is proven by the percentage level of mother tongue use based on patterns ‘with’, patterns ‘in’, and patterns ‘for’. The main factors causing the low vitality of the mother tongue in the multilingual community in this area are economic and educational. This study describes the condition of each living language in a multilingual society in Dieng, Central Jawa. This study provides quite large implications in describing the vitality of mother tongues in a multilingual society in Dieng, Central Java, but further studies are needed to get a deeper understanding of the implications.

This study examines the classification and function of toponyms to reveal the local knowledge of Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area. This research uses anthropological linguistic theory. The data of this research are lexicon in toponyms based on local knowledge in the western Bandung-North area. The data is sourced from several community components consisting of village elders and ordinary people. The study incorporates four methods for data collection, which are participant observation, participatory conversation observation, interviews, and documentation. These techniques are chosen based on their ability to gather comprehensive, accurate, and reliable data. The results show that there are five classifications of toponyms, namely (1) hydrological-biological characteristics, (2) hydrological-state characteristics, (3) geomorphological-biological characteristics, (4) geomorphological-state characteristics, and (5) state characteristics. This research also shows that the lexicon in toponyms in the western Bandung-North area portrays the closeness of humans to nature, humans to humans, and humans to their God. In addition, Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area also have local knowledge about ethnoecology, which is recorded in the toponyms in the area. This local knowledge of ethnoecology has benefits as an effort to maintain the terrestrial ecosystem, which is one of the pillars of environmental development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Tanaman lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman mangrove yang dapat tumbuh pada kondisi salinitas rendah dan aerasi yang baik. Ekstrak lindur memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia sehingga berpotensi diaplikasikan sebagai antibakteri pada bidang pangan maupun kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi antibakteri dari ekstrak daun tanaman lindur terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan proses maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak etanol adalah sebesar 1,93%, 3,56%, dan 7,36%. Ekstrak n-heksana mengandung steroid, triterpenoid, dan flavonoid, ekstrak etil asetat mengandung steroid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan fenol hidrokuinon, dan ekstrak etanol mengandung steroid, flavonoid, saponin, fenol hidrokuinon, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya ekstrak etil asetat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus ATCC 6538 dan bakteri E. coli ATCC 8739. Efektivitas tertinggi terdeteksi pada bakteri S. aureus ATCC 6538 yang tergolong ke dalam bakteri Gram positif, dengan diameter zona bening berkisar 3-8 mm, pada rentang jam ke-11 sampai jam ke-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat yang mengandung senyawa polar dan non polar dari tanaman lindur memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antibakteri. Abstract Lindur plant (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) is one type of mangrove plant that can grow in conditions of low salinity and good aeration. Lindur extract contains phytochemical compounds so that it has the potential to be applied as an antibacterial in the food and health sectors. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial potency of lindur plant leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The test method used was stratified extraction using maceration with n-hexane solvents, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extract obtained was then carried out phytochemical tests as well as antibacterial activity tests with the agar diffusion method. The results indicated that the yield of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract were 1,93%, 3,56%, and 7,36%. N-hexane extract contains steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids, ethyl acetate extract contains steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenol hydroquinone, and ethanol extract contains steroids, flavonoids, saponins, phenol hydroquinone, and tannins. The result also depicted that only in ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 8739. The highest effectiveness was observed in the S. aureus ATCC 6538 which belongs to Gram-positive bacteria, with a clear zone diameter ranging from 3-8 mm, in the range of the 11th to the 19th hour. This study concluded that that ethyl acetate extract containing polar and nonpolar compounds from lindur plants are potential to be developed as an antibacterial.

The company's financial performance can reflect to investors how the company's management works and operates in generating profits. In this study, the type of data used is quantitative data in the form of annual financial reports of manufacturing companies in the basic and chemical industry sectors on the IDX in 2018 - 2022. This study aims to examine the relationship between Real Earning Management and Stock Return through FCFF. The sampling selected in this study used purposive sampling method and used SPSS version 25. The results showed that the direct effect of the Real Earning Management variable was not statistically significant so that it could be said that the variable had no direct effect on Stock Returns. The indirect effect of FCFF is able to mediate the influence between CFO, COGS, INV, PROOD, and DISEXP on Stock Returns. The indirect effect is formed through the direct effect between the CFO, COGS, INV, PROOD, and DISEXP variables on FCFF and the direct effect between FCFF on Stock Returns. Based on these results, it can be seen that the direct effect of CFO and DISEXP variables is not statistically significant so that it can be said that Real Earning Management has no effect on FCFF which is a measurement of the company's financial performance.

Usaha padat karya, khas batik kelurahan Dandangan kota Kediri lebih mengandalkan tenaga manusia dibandingkan mesin dalam menyelesaikan produksinya. Motif batik diciptakan oleh pemilik khas batik, proses produksinya tidak memerlukan tenaga ahli. Anak muda masa kini lebih menyerap budaya timur dan barat, minat terhadap batik rendah. Tujuan pengembangan produk batik agar anak muda menyukai batik mulai dari memakai dan bahkan membuat sehingga menarik minat anak muda terhadap produk lokal batik khas. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analisis data non-statistik yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, tipikal UMKM di kelurahan Dandangan kota Kediri menerapkan tiga strategi pengembangan perudahaan sebagai berikut: 1. Strategi inovasi dalam mengembangkan standar produk, 2. Strategi inovasi kualitas produk, 3. Membuka program pembelajaran bagi generasi muda untuk membangkitkan rasa nasionalisme terhadap budaya membantik. Hasil menunjukkan produksi batik meningkat, kualitas batik menjadi lebih baik, rasa nasionalisme dan budaya membatik anak muda di kelurahan Dandanngan kota Kediri semakin baik.

This research aims to explore comprehensive information about the display system of the State University of Malang (UM) Educational Museum collection which contains material from a collection of historical objects from the past, as well as identifying the role and potential for the sustainability of educational museums as a source of historical learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach with exploratory study analysis. Data collection through field observations, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that the UM Education Museum's display system has its characteristics and strategies for conveying effective information to visitors. In various challenges of the times, the existence of the UM educational museum can play an important role as a source of historical learning for students and the beautiful exhibition layout can have an impact on the sustainability of the UM educational museum in the future. The implications of this research provide input for the UM Education Museum and other museums in Indonesia in presenting museum exhibition arrangements that support learning and culture as a whole. Apart from that, the results of this research provide a real contribution to increasing insight into the exhibition layout of the Education Museum for visitors.

Household waste management is an important aspect of sustainable living, which has an impact on environmental welfare and public health. However, the extent to which different socio-economic groups engage in responsible waste management practices varies widely, thereby contributing to broader issues of social inequality. This study investigates how family education, as a key determinant of individual behavior and decision making, influences inequality in waste management practices among various socio-economic groups. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, case studies and empirical data, the author highlights various aspects of social problems related to household waste. From the research results, it was found that 74.4% said that managing waste was easy, 98.5% said they knew how to choose organic and inorganic waste, 82.7% said they knew how to manage and utilize RT waste. However, 61.7% do not carry out real practice of sorting organic and inorganic waste at home independently. It was proven that 51.1% subscribed to rubbish officers in their area and 30.8% disposed of rubbish independently at rubbish dumps. This could be due to a lack of learning in the form of direct practice based on habituation education from home. Supporting this, 78.9% have never taken courses or training regarding the management and use of household waste. And 89.5% of people from the basic family level expressed the need for knowledge, skills and management in the community. These findings highlight the potential of family education programs to bridge the gap in waste management behavior among various socioeconomic strata. Such interventions can empower individuals and families with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement sustainable waste management practices, thereby contributing to a more equitable and environmentally conscious society.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan invers dari matriks RSLPFLcircfr bentuk khusus (b,0, …, 0,b) berordo n×n dengan n≥3 menggunakan matriks blok 2×2. Dalam menentukan invers matriks RSLPFLcircfr berbentuk khusus, terdapat tiga langkah yang dikerjakan. Pertama memblok atau mempartisi matriks RSLPFLcircfr dari ordo 3×3 sampai 8×8 dengan dua alternative cara blok. Kedua, menentukan invers submatriks yang invertible dengan menerapkan komplemen Schur lalu menentukan invers matriks RSLPFLcircfr dengan menerapkan kembali komplemen Schur. Ketiga, menentukan bentuk umum invers submatriks yang invertible dan bentuk umum matriks RSLPFLcircfr dan membuktikan dengan aturan invers lalu menerapkan pada contoh soal sesuai dengan Teorema.

Policy innovations made by the Cikolelet Village Government to become a tourist village and various village development efforts are efforts to overcome various problems faced by the village government and the community. The policy innovation is to change from underdeveloped villages to developing and advanced villages in 2021 according to the Village Development Index indicators. In 2017 Cikolelet Village was designated as the first tourist village in Serang Regency. Policy innovation is a major part of the transformation process or creating irreversible transformations based on a set of new order principles. Indicators of policy innovation, namely the creation stage, design stage and implementation stage according to Robert and King, are used as an analysis knife as well as innovation attributes according to Rogers to complete the description of Cikolelet Village Government's policy innovation in developing tourist villages. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Key informants consisted of the Cikolelet village head, Pokdarwis head Anindya Pramita, Bumdes director and Cikolelet village officials. Data analysis used source triangulation according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the innovation of tourism village development policies in Cikolelet Village has run optimally, marked by the achievement of the 2021 ADWI award as the Most Favorite Tourism Village and encouraging other tourism villages in Serang Regency to adopt Cikolelet Village's tourism development policy innovations.

The influence of elevation gradient has been investigated across different taxa. However, such studies are scarce for macrofungal communities. This study examined the community structure of Basidiomycota macrofungi across four elevations in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park, Indonesia. Macrofungi were collected from randomly placed five 10 x 10 m plots at each altitude and identified at the genus level. The results showed that there were 32 genera belonging to 20 families. The NMDS ordination and ANOSIM confirmed that macrofungal composition and abundance do not differ between the studied altitudinal ranges.

This study aims to determine the influence of social media marketing and brand image on consumer decisions to buy Wardah brand skin care products. The population of this research is people who live in Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Bontang cities. The number of respondents is 109 who meet this research sample's criteria. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM), which is measured using partial least squares (PLS). SmartPLS 3.0, a data processing software application tool, was used to conduct the analysis. The findings of this study indicate that brand image has an insignificant influence on customers' decisions to buy Wardah brand skin care products. This is because currently, there are many companies that are similar & offer the same benefits & functions and also because people trust customer evaluations and testimonials more than claims made unilaterally by a skin care product. Meanwhile, social media marketing significantly affects consumers' decisions to buy Wardah brand skin care products.

This research aims to find out and analyze in depth the performance of academic supervision carried out by school principals in improving teacher performance at SMP N 1 Bengkalis. The research method uses qualitative data collection techniques using observation, interviews and conclusions. The results of the research show that in planning academic supervision, information was obtained that the principal always gave authority to teachers to appreciate their innovations in teaching. The principal also visited the teacher's room. In order to check directly the state of teacher development in preparing administration. Supervision of the implementation of supervision by the school principal uses the Sigum application where with this application teachers will be given the ease of uploading data and increasing the use of science and technology. The supervision activities that will be carried out by the school principal are well structured. The implementation of academic supervision by the principal does not reduce the assessment of the principal as a supervisor who helps teachers improve teacher performance. Coaching and training is one of the forms provided by school principals which is a manifestation not of judging teachers but rather directing teachers' skills to be more capable of innovation. Preparation of syllabus, prota, process, lesson plans and preparation of effective teaching hours. Apart from that, the principal provides direction to teachers in the form of motivation for teachers, which is able to provide encouragement to develop teacher performance in their respective competencies. The role of the principal to provide input, ideas or forms of warning is a good attitude to achieve educational progress at SMP N 1 Bengkalis. Academic supervision has been carried out by the school principal through many stages, such as direct coaching, face-to-face and online (on the network). The principal also provides maximum direction at the end of the evaluation. Because there will be visible deficiencies in the learning process. These deficiencies are used to process and analyze the evaluation results. Based on the results of interviews and observations, providing guidance on learning evaluation as a form of follow-up. This guidance is carried out directly by supervisors and school principals during the evaluation. If the principal and supervisory team find teachers who are having difficulty carrying out learning evaluations, the team will try to overcome this

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada SMPN 10 Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh yang terjadi antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, partisipasi komite sekolah dan kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru serta dampaknya pada prestasi belajar siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 57 orang guru dan sampel ditentukan menggunakan teknik sensus jenuh sehingga jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 57 orang responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan memanfaatkan softwere SmartPLS versi 3.0. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kinerja guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru

Disclosure of carbon emissions has become a global issue amidst the increasing world climate. This issue becomes a tranding that can affect the company's performance supported by the company's environmental performance. This study aims to examine the role of environmental performance in the influence between the company's financial performance on the disclosure of carbon emissions. This research was conducted on Basic Industry and Chemical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The unit of analysis used in this study was 150 observation units. Data analysis uses multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that first: financial performance consisting of liquidity, profitability, leverage, and sales growth has a direct effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. However, the return on equity ratio has no effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. Second, the results show that the presence of environmental performance can not maximally encourage the disclosure of carbon emissions. Where the company can improve environmental performance if the company has better financial performance. This is indicated by the value of the direct effect of environmental performance has no effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. However, this research is limited to basic and chemical companies, so future research can expand to companies that have a direct impact on the environment.

Sorghum contains a high level of tannins and is known to be anti-nutritional and give rise to an astringent flavour, so polishing is needed. This study aimed to characterize local light-brown waxy sorghum from Lamongan due to varying levels of polishing. An experimental procedure with five replications was used. The results showed that the weight of 1000 grains, seed volume, bulk density, and true density one-time polishing was 20.3109±0.3606 g, 0.016±0.000 ml, 0.755±0.015 g/ml, and 1.70±0.02 g/ml, respectively, whereas the two-time polishing was 12.6072±0.6172 g, 0.010±0.000 ml, 0.843±0,011 g/ml, and 1.67±0,02 g/ml, respectively. The sorghum seed size after one-time polishing was length 4.64±0,23 mm, width 2.98±0,17 mm, height 2.38±0,08 mm, and sphericity 69.04%, whereas after two-time polishing it was 2.90±0.12 mm, 2.89±0.09 mm, 1.84±0.11 mm, and 85.82%, respectively. More polishing resulted in a decrease in 1000 seed weight, hardness, volume, porosity, and true density of sorghum. The results also revealed that sorghum was red after one-time polishing and yellow-red after two-time polishing. Tannin content was 8971.59±42.87 mg/L and 915.88±11.64 mg/L, respectively for one-time and two-time polishing. Light-brown waxy sorghum from Lamongan should be polished two-time to be developed into flour and instant sorghum rice.

Kendala geografis merupakan faktor utama terhambatnya distribusi PLN dalam memenuhi kebutuhan lsitrik masyarakat di Desa Jonggon Jaya, Kecamatan Loa Kulu, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegera. Sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Genset. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi alternatif bagi pengentasan masalah elektrifikasi dengan penerapan Teknologi PV-SHS (Photovoltaic-Solar Home System) yang memanfaatkan sumber energi matahari yang dikonversi langsung menjadi energi listrik. Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam merealisasikannya, diantaranya perakitan Sistem PV-SHS, uji fungsionalitas dan perhitungan perkiraan kebutuhan energi listrik sesuai kebutuhan sehari-hari. Perangkat Sistem PV-SHS yang dihasilkan merupakan perangkat modular yang terdiri dari modul PV, charge controller, inverter, dan sistem beban (loading) dalam bentuk perangkat yang kompatibel sebagai penghasil energi listrik. Hasil uji fungsionalitas menunjukkan bahwa pengujian kinerja Sistem PV-SHS berpotensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan di daerah ini. Selain itu, upaya untuk menekan biaya investasi dilakukan dengan perhitungan perkiraan kebutuhan energi listrik harian untuk menghindari terjadinya over-sizing pada perancangan dan implementasinya.

This study evaluates one of the educational programs at UPT SD Negeri Tamalanrea, namely the PIPOCITA (Our Little Police Picket) program. This program was evaluated using CIPP Evaluation Model which analysed Context, Input, Process and Product of the program. Data were collected using interviews, observation and documentation. The study involved teachers, students and parents. The results showed that the evaluation of the context of this program met the evaluation criteria for the context of a program, namely the existence of goals to be achieved. The input evaluation contained various resources in carrying out the program, namely the presence of picket schedules, resources for carrying out pickets, and the presence of students and teachers who will do pickets. In the evaluation process, it was found that this program was carried out in groups based on the picket schedule and the person in charge to do the picket are still carrying out supervision and evaluation in each program implementation. The evaluation of the Product found that the results of this program made students more independent and had emotional relationships with teachers, students and parents. Therefore, the PIPOCITA program still needs to be adjusted and improved from various aspects according to the characteristics of students and parents and the community in the school area.

This study aims to analyse the essence of the application for reconsideration by convicts and their heirs post the Constitutional Court Decision No 20/PUU-XXI/2023 and to evaluate the reconsideration by the Public Prosecutor from the perspective of the principle of legal protection of the rights of convicts. The research methodology employs a conceptual, legislative, and historical approach. Primary legal materials consist of laws and judgments, while secondary legal materials encompass textbooks, journals, and commentaries on court decisions. The legal materials are analysed qualitatively through content analysis, identifying relevant concepts within the criminal justice system. The research findings indicate that the procedure for convicts to apply for reconsideration is tightly regulated by Article 263 and Article 264 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Convicts must submit a request for reconsideration that includes the reasons underlying the request. This formal requirement must be fulfilled for the reconsideration request to be accepted. The Constitutional Court Decision No 20/PUU-XXI/2023 has significant implications for legal certainty, particularly regarding the right of the Public Prosecutor to submit a reconsideration request. The decision states that the right to submit a reconsideration request is only held by convicts or their heirs, in line with Constitutional Court Decision No 33/PUU-XIV/2016. This is aimed at preserving legal certainty and avoiding ambiguous interpretations of the provisions in the KUHAP. The principle of legal protection of the rights of convicts through reconsideration is crucial to ensure that convicts have fair and transparent access to the legal process. Although the Constitutional Court's decision has limited the Public Prosecutor's right to submit a reconsideration request, it aligns with the principle of protection of convicts' rights to ensure that the legal process is conducted fairly and according to the applicable law.

This study aims to determine the effect of inventory intensity, institutional ownership and transfer pricing on tax avoidance simultaneously and partially. This research was conducted with a population of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2021 totalling 104 companies. The sampling mechanism used a purposive sampling technique so that the sample obtained amounted to 85 samples. The research method used is an associative research method with a quantitative approach and uses secondary data. The results of this study found that inventory intensity, institutional ownership and transfer pricing simultaneously affect tax avoidance. Inventory Intensity affects tax avoidance partially, institutional ownership has no effect on tax avoidance partially and transfer pricing has no effect on tax avoidance partially.

Kekerasan seksual semakin sering terjadi dan didengar melalui media massa. Keluarga korban merupakan orang terdekat yang terkadang ikut disalahkan apabila kasus kekerasan seksual terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk melihat bagaimana gambaran dukungan sosial pada keluarga korban kekerasan seksual. Sampel penelitian ini ialah masyarakat yang didapatkan berdasarkan tehnik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 386 subyek. Adapun hasil penelitian yang didapatkan ialah mayoritas dukungan sosial yang diberikan adalah rendah. Namun apabila dilihat berdasarkan aspek bahwa dukungan Intrumental merupakan dukungan yang paling tinggi diberikan masyarakat kepada keluarga korban kekerasan seksual, ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memiliki keinginan untuk membantu keluarga secara langsung, saat keluarga korban membutuhkan pendampingan berupa bantuan kesehatan, hukum, maupun keuangan dan diikuti oleh dukungan informasi diberikan masyarakat kepada keluarga korban, agar lebih mengerti terkait kasus kekerasan seksual, pentingnya mengawasi anak dan melindungi anak serta memberi informasi terkait pendampingan yang dibutuhkan apabila terjadi kasus kekerasan serta dukungan emosi dan penghargaan yang diberikan masyarakat dengan tetap peduli, membangun rasa empati terhadap kesulitan keluarga korban dalam menghadapi cobaan ini. Dukungan persahabatan menunjukkan masyarakat belum menumbuhkan rasa persahabatan dengan keluarga korban kekerasan seksual karena tidak memiliki hubungan kelekatan, baik sebagai keluarga maupun sebagai saudara.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has a wide range of effects on people's lives and posed a challenge for families. The goal of this research is to examine the relationship between family law and the 4.0 industrial revolution, as well as the Islamic family's reaction to the impact, the function of the family, and methods to defend the family in the face with it. This type of library study was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative technique. The study's findings indicate that the relationship between family law and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is very close, particularly in terms of moving the wheels of the economy, and that it has a favorable impact on those who know how to use it correctly. Create a detrimental influence on people who are lulled into abusing it. The effects on the family include family emphasis centered on pursuing pleasure, a lack of parental attention, excessive use of devices, the disintegration of a full family system, and materialistic existence. The family's role in mitigating the effects of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is to apply moral values, specifically: religious function, reproductive function, socio-cultural function, protection function, love and compassion function, economic function, socialization and education function, and environmental function. Families must also be able to establish norms and cultural standards, as well as cultivate media and information literacy and create democratic family communication patterns. While the solution is to promote a mutual understanding attitude, role actualization, reward presentation, good and effective communication, instilling positive discipline, and developing a quality generation. Keywords: Islamic Family, Revolution; Industrial 4.0 Abstrak Revolusi Industri 4.0 membawa berbagai dampak dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan menjadi tantangan bagi keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan Hukum Keluarga dengan Revolusi Industri 4.0, keluarga Islam dalam mensikapi dampak, peran keluarga dan solusi mempertahankan keluarga dalam menghadapinya. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dengan jenis library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan hukum keluarga dengan revolusi industri 4.0 sangat erat sekali terutama dalam menggerakan roda perekonomian dan dampak positif bagi mereka yang pandai memanfaatkannya dengan bijak. Melahirkan dampak negatif bagi mereka yang terlena menyalahgunakannya. dampak dalam keluarga antara lain: konsentrasi keluarga fokus mencari kesenangan, kurang perhatian orang tua, kecenderungan memakai gawai secara berlebihan, putusnya sistem keluarga yang utuh dan kehidupan materialistis. Peran keluarga dalam memberi perlindungan terhadap pengaruh Revolusi Industri 4.0 adalah menerapkan nilai-nilai moral (moral values) yaitu; fungsi agama, fungsi reproduksi, fungsi sosial budaya, fungsi perlindungan, fungsi cinta dan kasih sayang, fungsi ekonomi fungsi sosialisasi dan pendidikan, dan fungsi lingkungan. Keluarga juga harus mampu mengembangkan standar norma dan kultural, mengembangkan melek media dan informasi serta menanamkan pola komunikasi keluarga yang demokratis. Sedangkan solusinya ialah menumbuhkan sikap saling memahami, aktualisasi peran, menghadirkan penghargaan, komunikasi yang positif dan efektif, menanamkan sikap disiplin positif dan membangun generasi berkualitas. Kata kunci: Keluarga Islam, Revolusi; Indusri 4.0

Kekerasan seksual adalah segala macam bentuk perilaku yang berkonotasi seksual yang dilakukan secara sepihak dan tidak dikehendaki oleh korbannya, bentuknya dapat berupa ucapan, tulisan, simbol, isyarat dan tindakan yang berkonotasi seksual. Penelitian ini akan menganalisa kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di Instansi Pendidikan Tinggi di Lhokseumawe, apa penyebabnya, bentuk-bentuk kekerasan seksual, penanganan, serta analisa korban dan pelaku. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix-method research, yaitu menggabungkan antara penelitian kuantitaif dan kualitatif, dengan analisa deskriptif. Yang menjadi populasi penelitian adalah semua sivitas akademika di perguruan tinggi yang akan diteliti. Sedangkan sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survey, wawancara dan observasi, serta menggunakan instrumen atau alat ukur kekerasan seksual yang didesain berdasarkan aspek dan indikator perilaku kekerasan seksual. Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan analisis tematik, sedangkan data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus kekerasan seksual terjadi di beberapa perguruan tinggi di Lhokseumawe. Dari data lapangan yang didapatkan korban kekerasan seksual di perguruan tinggi terdiri dari unsur mahasiswa, sedangkan pelaku terdiri dari unsur dosen, tendik, maupun mahasiswa itu sendiri. Penyebab terjadinya kekerasan seksual di kampus terdiri dari beberapa faktor, diantaranya faktor kekuasaan pelaku, pergaulan bebas, dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang kekerasan seksual. Sedangkan bentuk kekerasan seksual yang biasa terjadi di lingkungan kampus adalah bentuk kekerasan via teknologi dan informasi. Terkait dengan penanganan kasus, ada institusi yang sudah membentuk satuan tugas pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual, namun ada juga kampus yang belum melakukan penanganan apapun.

The implementation of a community service program sponsored by the Legal Aid Institution of Ichsan University Gorontalo. The initiative took place at the office of the sub-district head in Dulalowo Village, Central City District, Gorontalo City, where the community faced challenges in comprehending the legal regulations governing electronic transactions (e-commerce). This lack of awareness often led to disputes and losses between businesses and consumers. The program aimed to empower the community through the empowering the community on legal protection in electronic transactions (e-commerce) program. A combination of surveys, questionnaires, lectures, and discussions was employed to achieve the desired outcomes. The results of this community service initiative demonstrated a noteworthy improvement in the participants' understanding of legal norms and juridical foundations concerning electronic transactions (e-commerce). As a result, the community became more discerning and cautious when engaging in online transactions, now equipped with knowledge about safe and secure strategies for conducting such transactions. The positive impact of this endeavor contributes to a more informed and confident community in Gorontalo City, fostering a thriving e-commerce environment for both businesses and consumers alike

Local government competitiveness is an intriguing contemporary issue that has not been discussed extensively in prior studies on the evolution of the structure and scope of government. This study aims to explore how local government management processes can enhance regional competitiveness for the benefit of citizens. Using an analytical hierarchy of paired comparisons and indicator aggregation, this study analyzes several components of the local government managerial process by quantifying the degree of importance of each component. Data were collected from 38 regions in Indonesia and 34 government experts. The results of the analysis show that there are three components of the local government managerial process that contribute significantly to regional competitiveness: the quality of customer/citizen management with an eigenvector value of 0.187, strategic planning with an eigenvector value of 0.169, and the effectiveness of the integrity system with an eigenvector value of 0.136. Other results show that the resultant eigenvector values for other components are less than 0.100 or 10%, so these components are not classified as strong. Furthermore, the p-value of the intercoder reliability test using the t-test was greater than the significance level of 0.05, implying that there was no difference between the test results of the first and second expert groups. This study concludes that customer/citizen satisfaction with government products and services, the effectiveness of strategic planning that focuses on socio-economic development, and legal and ethical compliance of organizational actors are the primary determinants of enhancing regional competitiveness.