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Liposome encapsulation of drugs is an interesting approach in cancer therapy to specifically release the encapsulated drug at the desired treatment site. In addition to thermo-, pH-, light-, enzyme- or redox-responsive liposomes, which have had promising results in (pre-) clinical studies, ultrasound-triggered sonosensitive liposomes represent an exciting alternative to locally trigger the release from these cargos. Localized drug release requires precise tumor visualization to produce a targeted and ultrasound stimulus. We used ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) with BR55, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-targeted ultrasound contrast agent, to guide ultrasound-triggered release of sonosensitive liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (L-DXR) in an orthotopic prostatic rodent tumor model. Forty-eight hours after L-DXR injection, local release of doxorubicin was triggered with a confocal ultrasound device with two focused transducers, 1.1-MHz center frequency, and peak positive and negative pressures of 20.5 and 13 MPa at focus. Tumor size decreased by 20% in 2 wk with L-DXR alone (n = 9) and by 70% after treatment with L-DXR and confocal ultrasound (n = 7) (p0.01). The effect of doxorubicin on perfusion/vascularity and VEGFR2 expression was evaluated by USMI and immunohistochemistry of CD31 and VEGFR2 and did not reveal differences in perfusion or VEGFR2 expression in the absence or after the triggered release of liposomes. USMI can provide precise guidance for ultrasound-triggered release of liposomal doxorubicin mediated by a confocal ultrasound device; moreover, the combination of B-mode imaging and USMI can help to follow the response of the tumor to the therapy.

Among available methods, supercritical fluid (SCF) technology is a new and suitable approach for producing nano-sized particles. For this purpose, determination of a solid solute solubility such as pharmaceutical materials is an essential step. The present research is the first to measure Tamsulosin (TML) solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under operating conditions of 308 to 338 K and 12 to 27 MPa. The mole fraction of TML ranged from 0.18 × 10−6 to 1.013 × 10−5. Experimental data have been modeled with two main models groups; the first group consisted of semi-empirical and empirical models (e.g., Chrastil; Sodeifian et al.; Kumar & Johnston (K-J); Mendez-Santiago & Teja (MST); Bian et al.; Bartle et al.) and the second group have been SAFT-VR (statistical associating fluid theory of variable range) and Peng-Robinson (PR) equations of state. Furthermore, self-consistency test of the experimental data was performed on the solubility data. Finally, the approximate values Δ H t o t a l , Δ H v a p and Δ H s o l enthalpies have been computed.

Trichomoniasis is the most common curable sexually-transmitted infection. Most Trichomonas vaginalis-infected men are asymptomatic and can remain undiagnosed and untreated, and this has been thought to result in chronic persistent prostatic infection. Chronic inflammation is regarded as the major factor in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer (PCa). The aim of this study is to identify seropositivity to T. vaginalis in men with prostate tumors (BPH or PCa) visited to Hanyang University Hospital. A total of 183 men were enrolled between October 2013 and November 2014. They consisted of 139 with BPH (mean age: 64.0 ± 0.07) and 44 with prostate cancer (mean age: 73.3±0.18). We carried out ELISA to identify the seropositivity to T. vaginalis. Mixed lysate antigen extracted from 8 strains of T. vaginalis was used in the ELISA. Also 58 male outpatients visited to Health Promotion Center in Hanyang University Hospital were evaluated for comparing group. As a results, seropositivity to T. vaginalis in patients with prostatic diseases was 19.7% (BPH: 18.7%, PCa: 22.7%) and it was significantly higher than the 1.7% of the comparing healthy group (P = 0.001). Therefore, prostatic tumor showed higher seropositivity against T. vaginalis than normal men. As far as we know, this is the first report about seroprevalence in prostatic tumor in Korea.

BACKGROUND To assess the feasibility, toxicity, and outcome of prostate hemi-irradiation with a high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost for patients presumed to harbor dominant intra-prostatic tumors in a single lobe. METHODS After 3D conformal external radiotherapy (3DCRT) to 64–64.4 Gy, 77 patients with non-metastatic locally aggressive prostate cancer have been treated from 2000 to 2004, with HDR-BT using temporary open MRI-guided 192Ir implants, to escalate the dose in the boost region. Twenty patients (26%) had one lobe involvement (i.e., one sided endorectal MRI, rectal examination, and biopsies) and were boosted to one side of the gland only. A dose of 12, 14, and 16 Gy in two fractions was delivered to 5, 6, and 9 patients, respectively. RESULTS After a median follow-up 69 months, no differences in late rectal toxicity were observed between the unilaterally and bilaterally irradiated cohorts. Although, grade 2 late urinary toxicity was worse in the hemi-irradiated group (P = 0.03), severe grade ≥3 late urinary toxicity at 5 years was not different: 10% versus 8.8% in the unilaterally and bilaterally irradiated cohorts, respectively. Grade 4 late urinary toxicity, however, was exclusively observed in patients boosted to both lobes (5/57, 8.8%). Five-year biochemical relapse-free survival was 79.7% versus 70.5% for the unilateral and bilateral boost groups, respectively (P = 0.99). CONCLUSION Prostate hemi-irradiation with a HDR-BT boost to the dominant tumor region may be considered when rectal examination, MRI, and biopsies suggest one lobe involvement. Nevertheless, strict dosimetric optimization is needed in order to further reduce the risk of late severe toxicity. Prostate 71:1309–1316, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

We report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arising from the rectum which mimicked prostatic tumor on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Most GISTs arise in the stomach and/or small intestine; GISTs of anorectal origin are rare. We identify characteristic CT and MRI findings of anorectal GISTs and discuss the diagnostic pitfalls.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen levels adjusted for total tumor volume (PSA-TTV density) for outcome following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer by retrospective review in 268 patients. Lower PSA-TTV density was not only associated with a significantly higher risk for biological failure (bF), systemic failure and cancer death but also an independent predictor for bF (hazard ratio, 6.3). Therefore, these data suggest that there are subsets of prostate cancer with lower PSA secretion levels, and this phenotype is associated with a higher risk of failure after surgery.

We present an extremely rare case of a 3-year-old child with a primary carcinoid tumor of the prostate. A 3-year-old boy presented with failure to thrive, constipation, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and pain in the genital area. His karyotype was normal and cystic fibrosis and coeliac disease were excluded prior to further investigation. An abdominopelvic computed tomography scan revealed a prostatic mass. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was therefore performed and pathological examination revealed a carcinoid tumor. A robotic radical prostatectomy was performed. As this is an innovative surgical approach, we describe the surgical technique used.

Orientador: Marisa Masumi Beppu Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química Resumo: As propriedades de superfície desempenham um papel fundamental sobre a forma como biomateriais interagem com o ambiente em que estão inseridos. O controle e a predição destas interações dependem da capacidade de manipular estas propriedades e representam um conhecimento bastante útil para o desenvolvimento de materiais funcionais. Dentro do contexto dos fenômenos biológicos, diversos estudos relatam mudanças de comportamento celular promovidas pela modificação de propriedades químicas e físicas de superfícies envolvidas na interação. Eventos biológicos, como a adesão e o crescimento celular, podem ser modulados a partir de modificações de superfície. No entanto, a complexidade desse fenômeno e a singularidade de cada tipo de célula torna a construção de biomateriais funcionais ainda mais desafiadora e impõe dificuldades para correlacionar funções celulares específicas a determinadas características topográficas. Este trabalho explorou análises fractais topográficas de diferentes superfícies para compreender como a técnica de recobrimento "layer-by-layer" (LbL) modifica a morfologia de superfícies e como a rugosidade pode influenciar o comportamento de adesão de células tumorais prostráticas PC3... O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: Surface properties play a key role in how biomaterials interact with the environment. The control and prediction of these interactions relies on the ability to manipulate these properties and represent a useful knowledge for the development of functional materials. In the context of biological phenomena, several studies report changes in cellular behavior promoted by changes on chemical and physical properties of surfaces involved in the interaction process. Biological events, such as adhesion and cell growth, can be modulated by surface modifications. However, the complexity of the cell adhesion and the singularity of each type of cell make the construction of functional biomaterials even more challenging and impose difficulties to correlate specific cellular functions to particular topographic characteristics. This work explored topographic fractal analyzes of different surfaces to understand how layer-by-layer (LbL) coating technique modifies surface morphology and how roughness can influence the adhesion of the prostratic tumor cell line PC3... The abstract is available with the full electronic document Mestrado Engenharia Química Mestre em Engenharia Química CNPQ 147443/2017-2 FAPESP