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This text presents the ideas of a particular group of mathematicians of the late 18th century known as “the German combinatorial school” and its influence. The book tackles several questions concerning the emergence and historical development of the German combinatorial analysis, which was the unfinished scientific research project of that group of mathematicians. The historical survey covers the three main episodes in the evolution of that research project: its theoretical antecedents (which go back to the innovative ideas on mathematical analysis of the late 17th century) and first formulation, its consolidation as a foundationalist project of mathematical analysis, and its dissolution at the beginning of the 19th century. In addition, the book analyzes the influence of the ideas of the combinatorial school on German mathematics throughout the 19th century.

This proceedings volume collects the stories of mathematicians and scientists who have spent and developed parts of their careers and life in countries other than those of their origin. The reasons may have been different in different periods but were often driven by political or economic circumstances: The lack of suitable employment opportunities in their home countries, adverse political systems, and wars have led to the emigration of scientists. The volume shows that these movements have played an important role in spreading scientific knowledge and have often changed the scientific landscape, tradition and future of studies and research fields.The book analyses in particular: aspects of Euler's, Lagrange's and Boscovich's scientific biographies, migrations of scientists from France, Spain and Greece to Russia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and from Russia to France in the twentieth century, exiles from Italy before the Italian Risorgimento, migrations insideEurope and the escape of mathematicians from Nazi-fascist Europe, between the two World Wars, as well as the mobility of experts around the world. It includes selected contributions from the symposium In Foreign Lands: The Migration of Scientists for Political or Economic Reasons held at the Conference of the International Academy of the History of Science in Athens (September 2019).

La présente étude, en trois volumes, offre pour la première fois une reconstruction détaillée du cheminement intellectuel husserlien jusqu'à son oeuvre majeure, les Ideen I, où il élabore sa théorie de la conscience pure, du sujet transcendantal. Ces ouvrages sont les premiers à établir l'influence décisive des mathématiques sur la phénoménologie de Husserl et à faire un tour d'horizon exhaustif de la littérature récente sur la phénoménologie. C'est également la seule étude à présenter les travaux phénoménologiques menés en Orient : Chine, Corée et Japon. En outre, le texte inclut des citations dans plus de vingt langues. Cette réinterprétation révolutionnaire bouleverse la compréhension classique de Husserl et met en lumière la dimension sotériologique de la phénoménologie.

La présente étude, en trois volumes, offre pour la première fois une reconstruction détaillée du cheminement intellectuel husserlien jusqu'à son oeuvre majeure, les Ideen I, où il élabore sa théorie de la conscience pure, du sujet transcendantal. Ces ouvrages sont les premiers à établir l'influence décisive des mathématiques sur la phénoménologie de Husserl et à faire un tour d'horizon exhaustif de la littérature récente sur la phénoménologie. C'est également la seule étude à présenter les travaux phénoménologiques menés en Orient : Chine, Corée et Japon. En outre, le texte inclut des citations dans plus de vingt langues. Cette réinterprétation révolutionnaire bouleverse la compréhension classique de Husserl et met en lumière la dimension sotériologique de la phénoménologie.

Excerpt from The History of Mary I, Queen of England, as Found in the Public Records: Original Private Letters, and Other Contemporary Documents (Classic Reprint)AT a time when prejudiced historical verdicts are being largely revised, and when it is universally admitted that history must be studied on broader and more discriminating lines than heretofore, the restatement of the case for our first Queen Regnant scarcely needs an apology.

Excerpt from The Governance of England: Otherwise Called the Difference Between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy (Classic Reprint)This connexion of the work with the history of the time I have endeavoured to draw out, by bringing together from contemporary authorities whatever seemed to illustrate the meaning of the author. The closeness of the connexion is shown by the fact, more than once pointed out in the notes to the present edition, that the language of Fortescue is often identical with that of the public documents of the period. And this in turn illustrates another point of some importance to which I have also drawn attention; the fact namely that Fortescue, first of mediaeval political philoso phers, based his reasonings mainly on observation of exist ing constitutions, instead of merely copying or commenting on Aristotle.

Excerpt from History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain (Classic Reprint)And at no time could the history of this reign have been undertaken with the same advantages as at present when the more enlightened policy of the European governments. Has Opened their national archives to the inspection of the scholar; when he is allowed access, in particular, to the Archives of Simancas, which have held the secrets of the Spanish monarchy hermetically sealed for ages.

Excerpt from Anacalypsis, Vol. 1: An Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, or an Inquiry Into the Origin of Languages, Nations, and Religions (Classic Reprint)

Excerpt from The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 12 (Classic Reprint)In the reign of Amurath, he twice tasted of royalty, and twice descended from the throne; his tender age was inca pable of opposing his father's restoration, but never could he forgive the vizirs who had recommended that salutary measure. His nuptials were celebrated with the daughter of a Turkman emir; and, after a festival of two months, he departed from Hadrianople with his bride to reside in the government of Magnesia. Before the end of six weeks, he was recalled by a sudden message from the divan, which announced the decease of Amurath and the mutinous spirit of the Janizaries. His speed and vigour commanded their obedience; he passed the Hellespont with a chosen guard.

Excerpt from Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis; The Chronicle of the Reigns of Henry II and Richard I, A. D. 1169-1192, Vol. 1: Known Commonly Under the Name of Benedict of Peterborough (Classic Reprint)But, supposing that the monk historian had the instincts and powers of a chronicler, he could not, as a monk, have either the experience or the Opportunities of a free agent. He could not follow the court or camp, he could get only second-hand news, he could not give the exact dates of public events, nor adjudge to the de tails the relative importance and proportion which they possessed in the eyes of witnesses. His work had a value of another sort.

Excerpt from The Three Dorset Captains at Trafalgar: Thomas Masterman Hardy, Charles Bullen, Henry Digby (Classic Reprint)Our captain was Hardy, the pride of us all, I'll ask for none better when danger shall call, He was hardy by nature and Hardy by name, And soon by his conduct to honour he came.

This textbook presents the core of recent advances in design theory and its implications for design methods and design organization. Providing a unified perspective on different design methods and approaches, from the most classic (systematic design) to the most advanced (C-K theory), it offers a unique and integrated presentation of traditional and contemporary theories in the field.Examining the principles of each theory, this guide utilizes numerous real life industrial applications, with clear links to engineering design, industrial design, management, economics, psychology and creativity. Containing a section of exams with detailed answers, it is useful for courses in design theory, engineering design and advanced innovation management.'Students and professors, practitioners and researchers in diverse disciplines, interested in design, will find in this book a rich and vital source for studying fundamental design methods and toolsas well as the most advanced design theories that work in practice'.Professor Yoram Reich, Tel Aviv University, Editor-in-Chief, Research In Engineering Design.'Twenty years of research in design theory and engineering have shown that training in creative design is indeed possible and offers remarkably operational methods - this book is indispensable for all leaders and practitioners who wish to strengthen theinnovation capacity of their company.'Pascal Daloz, Executive Vice President, Dassault Systèmes

Esta monografía de la serie Fauna ibérica está dedicada a una familia de Coleópteros ('Latridiidae') y representa la primera síntesis de la misma para la península ibérica e islas Baleares. En los capítulos generales se ofrece una síntesis del incesante avance que ha experimentado el conocimiento taxonómico, filogenético, biogeográfico, ecológico y biológico de estos Coleópteros. A continuación se presenta el catálogo de las aproximadamente 90 especies íbero-baleares. El lector podrá identificar los adultos de todas las especies mediante claves dicotómicas referidas, en la mayoría de los casos, a caracteres externos de observación directa. Se incluyen todas las claves para la identificación de subfamilias, géneros y especies. La descripción de cada especie se acompaña de las correspondientes ilustraciones e información de su distribución geográfica y biología. El libro está ilustrado con 109 láminas originales y se completa con una extensa y actualizada bibliografía, así como con un apéndice de nomenclatura científica.

The so-called'connective tissue disorders'hold a particular fascination to both the rheumatologist and the dermatologist, and the diagnosis of, sometimes subtle, changes in the skin can often be difficult. This book aims to give a succinctaccount ofcutaneous manifestations of the major connective tissue diseases, including the cutaneous side effects of anti-rheumatic therapy, and the main diagnostic and prognostic features and guides to their management. Although the book is intended primarily for dermatologists and rheumatologists, it will also be of value to general physicians and general practitioners. We would like to express our thanks to our colleagues in the Medical Photography Department at the Royal United Hospital, Bath, especially Tim Browne and AnnabelHancock, and to Hilary Woolf for painstakingly typing the manuscript. We would like also to thank the following who have generously allowed us to reproduce their clinical and pathological photographs. Dr T. I. MacLeod (Figs. 2.2, 2.6, 3.1, 5.7, 7.2, 9.20, 11.6(b)); Dr S. O'Loughlin (Figs 3.2(b) and (e)); Dr R. S-H. Tan (Figs 3.4, 11.6(a)); Dr C. T. C. Kennedy (Figs 3.6, 4.1, 6.14); Dr T. Provost (Fig. 3.12(a)); Dr R.

In this book the exceptional role of Leonhard Euler in the history of science will be analyzed and emphasized, especially demonstrated for his fundamental cont- butions to physics. Although Euler is famous as the leading mathematician of the 18th century his contributions to physics are as important and rich of new methods and solutions. There are many books devoted to Euler as mathematician, but not as physicist. In the past decade, special attention had been directed at the development of science in the 18th century. In three distinguished tercentenary celebrations in - casion of the births of Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698–1759), Emilie du Chatelet ˆ (1706–1749) and Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) the merits of these scholars for the development of the post-Newtonian science had been highly acknowledged. These events were not only most welcome to remember an essential period in the past, but are also an opportunity to ask for the long lasting in uence on the further development of science until present days.

This Handbook explores the history of mathematics under a series of themes which raise new questions about what mathematics has been and what it has meant to practice it. It addresses questions of who creates mathematics, who uses it, and how. A broader understanding of mathematical practitioners naturally leads to a new appreciation of what counts as a historical source. Material and oral evidence isdrawn upon as well as an unusual array of textual sources. Further, the ways in which people have chosen to express themselves are as historically meaningful as the contents of the mathematics they have produced. Mathematics is not a fixed and unchanging entity. New questions, contexts, and applications all influence what counts as productive ways of thinking. Because the history of mathematics should interact constructively with other ways of studying the past, the contributors to this book come from a diverse range of intellectual backgrounds in anthropology, archaeology, art history, philosophy, and literature, as well as history of mathematics more traditionally understood. The thirty-six self-contained, multifaceted chapters, each written by a specialist, are arranged under three main headings:'Geographies and Cultures','Peoples and Practices', and'Interactions and Interpretations'. Together they deal with the mathematics of 5000 years, but without privileging the past three centuries, and an impressive range of periods and places with many points of cross-reference between chapters. The key mathematical cultures of North America, Europe, the Middle East, India, and China are all represented here as well as areas which are not often treated in mainstream history of mathematics, such as Russia, the Balkans, Vietnam, and South America. A vital reference for graduates and researchers in mathematics, historians of science, and general historians.

Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxicants on ecological systems. Ecological effects of contaminants may occur at several levels of biological organisation, from individual organisms to the entire biosphere. Communities consist of interacting populations that overlap in time and space. Thus, community ecotoxicology is concerned with effects of contaminants on communities. This is one of a series of five books that will provide a comprehensive treatment of field ecotoxicology, it provides important insights into how contaminants affect the distribution and abundance of organisms in nature. • Both authors are well known highly respected scientists in the field. • The first book to be dedicated to'community ecotoxicology.'

The Antibodies presents models, theories, and techniques of molecular biology for understanding the mechanisms of antibody action, including the genetics, and receptor and channel action. This book includes applications of engineered antibodies in diagnosis, immunotherapy, and protein purification. It provides new insights into the structural basis

Comprehensive Biochemistry, Volume 21: Metabolism of Vitamins and Trace Elements focuses on the processes, reactions, methodologies, and principles involved in the metabolism of vitamins and trace elements, including catabolism, enzymatic synthesis, absorption, and metabolic functions. The selection first elaborates on the biosynthesis of thiamine and riboflavin and metabolism of vitamin B6. Topics include absorption and transport of vitamin B6, catabolism of vitamin B6, mechanism of riboflavin synthetase from yeast, enzymatic synthesis of thiamine, biogenesis of thiazole, and interconversion of various forms of vitamin B6. The book also ponders on the biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A and metabolism of biotin, analogues, folic acid, pteridine derivatives, and cobalamins. Discussions focus on the uses of radioactive cobalamins in metabolic studies, absorption of cobalamins, pteroylpolyglutamates, and biosynthesis of folate compounds, interconversions, and degradations. The manuscript examines the metabolism and metabolic function of trace elements, including iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, fluorine, and iodine. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in the metabolism of vitamins and trace elements.

Transition Metal Organometallics in Organic Synthesis, Volume II covers chapters on the applications of arene and alkyne complexes, as well as cluster compounds, in organic synthesis. The book discusses the potential utility of transition metal-alkyne complexes and derived cluster compounds as reagents in organic synthesis, as well as the complexation reactions of arenes. The text also describes the oxidation, reduction, rearrangement, and other synthetically useful processes. Chemists will find the book invaluable.

The Principles of Ion Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport is a collection of research works on the theory, principles, and fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes and of membrane transport. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 15 chapters that highlight the application of the membrane model. Part A is a general discussion of membrane potentials and membrane transport. This part describes the formulations of the interfacial potential contribution due to phase boundaries. This part also explores the diffusion potential, the nonideality of diffusion layers or membrane phases, the liquid-junction potential arising in conventional potentiometric measuring cells. Other topics covered in this part include the practical solution for the membrane potential; the ion-transport and the electrical properties of bulk membranes; and the characteristics of lipid bilayer membranes. Part B considers the fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes. This part begins with discussions of the principles, response behavior, ion selectivity, and detection limits of solid-state membrane electrodes. This part also examines several important extensions and modifications of the Sandblom-Eisenman-Walker theory; the characteristics of neutral carrier membrane electrodes; and the theory of glass electrodes.

Plant Pathology: An Advanced Treatise, Volume III: The Diseased Population Epidemics and Control deals with the epidemics of the diseased population of plants and their forecasting and control. The book highlights the public health implications of plant pathology, giving major consideration to inoculum production, dispersal, and control. This volume is organized into 14 chapters and begins with an overview of populations of inoculum and the consequences of cultivation, emphasizing the inoculum potential. The next chapters focus on the autonomous dispersal of plant pathogens through the soil, seeds, or plant parts; the inoculum dispersal by animals, humans, air, and water; and the factors and processes that trigger an epidemic. The book also introduces the reader to the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the performance of fungicides on plants and in soil, and then concludes by discussing the genetics of disease resistance and problems associated with plant breeding. This book is a valuable resource for those who are interested in a theoretical treatment of plant pathology and in the broad ecological relationships among organisms, as well as for research workers and advanced students of applied biology.