Search

Abstract A body entirely covered with long and sharp-pointed spines makes Acanthoniscus spiniger Gosse, 1851, one of the rarest and most ornamented terrestrial isopods in the world. The original description of this species was based on a single specimen collected by the British naturalist Philip Henry Gosse in Jamaica in 1845 and deposited in the British Museum (currently The Natural History Museum, London). A second specimen, presumably of this species, was collected by the American entomologist Henry Guernsey Hubbard in 1877 and deposited in the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, which served as the basis for a further description by Richardson (1909). After Gosse and Hubbard specimens, no additional material appears to have reached any museum collection. Due to the scarce available information on this genus, it has been indistinctly placed in at least four different families through history, without a consensus on its definitive placement to date. Herein, we describe a new species of Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851, based on a population discovered in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, above 1,200 m elevation and more than 150 km eastward of A. spiniger’s type locality. We also emend the authorship and diagnoses of the genus Acanthoniscus and its type species. Finally, we discuss the possible relationships of Acanthoniscus at the family level, concluding that, despite some putative autapomorphies, it belongs to Armadillidae, as its present-day status.

Copyright of Terrae Incognitae is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presence of the rotifer Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) is reported in El Junco Lake, a freshwater crater lake in San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos Islands. This taxon is a known species aggregate containing both eurytopic cosmopolitans as well as local and regional endemics, but also some insufficiently documented cryptic species. This record is the first of a representative of the aggregate for the rotifer fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Considering that the animal is now being recorded from the lake while earlier surveys did not, and the high dispersal capacity of many rotifers, we hypothesize that the organism recorded is one of the more widespread members of the aggregate, which colonized El Junco Lake only recently.

Objective: To investigate the operational outcomes and implementation effects of tiered cardiac telemetry monitoring in a hospital environment using an innovative technology. Patients and Methods: The research focuses on assessing the precision, speed, and reliability of alerts generated by a wireless device in adult patients aged 18 and above, concurrently monitored by a hardwired, continuous cardiac monitor. Using an agile methodology, we tested and validated a nonhardwired, cellular-connected continuous cardiac monitor (InfoBionic MoMe) in 162 patients. A comparison was made between the wireless device and the standard hardwired system, conducted at Mayo Clinic Hospital with Institutional Review Board approval from June 6, 2022, to December 15, 2022. Results: The study revealed a high correlation of events captured compared with the standard care model. Differences in algorithms, alarm parameters, and operational considerations impacting clinical implementation were observed. Connectivity improvements during the study reduced latency from 3-5 minutes to 30 seconds. Delayed alarms were attributed to device damage (4.5% of cases) and poor cellular connections (29% within 31-60 seconds). Conclusion: The implementation of tiered cardiac telemetry in hospital environments, coupled with advancements in remote cardiac monitoring, supports expanded bedside telemetry capabilities and near real-time remote monitoring postdischarge. Although the study successfully validated the wireless device concept, improvements are needed before implementation for inpatient cardiac monitoring. Further research and technological enhancements can build on these findings to enhance health care practices in this domain.

Academic labor has expanded beyond the walls of academic institutions. Academics are expected to communicate with students online, use digital tools to complete their work, and share their research with broad audiences--often through online spaces like social media. Academics also face technology-facilitated violence and abuse (TFVA) in these same spaces. When this happens, employers have a responsibility to protect and support workers. However, recent events have shown that universities are not always prepared to do so. We use data from a discourse analysis of harassment and discrimination policies and interviews with university managers (including Vice President Academics/Provost, Faculty Deans, and directors of human rights offices) to examine how prepared Canadian universities and colleges are to support academics targeted by TFVA. We found that institutions are unprepared in three ways: first, they focus on physical safety over non-contact harms; second, they envision perpetrators to be named, local, and part of the campus community; and third, the reporting process is cumbersome and outpaced by the speed and frequency with which TFVA occurs. We consider these findings in the context of work-overflow and context collapse to demonstrate how the institutional apparatus for maintaining a safe and respectful working environment has not expanded in kind with the extensification of contemporary academic labor.

The article discusses the views of ardent Christians John Ruskin, Philip Henry Gosse, and William Dyce on the conception of time in mid-century Great Britain. Also cited are the publication of the controversial book "The Origin of Species," as well as the works of such historians as Ralph O'Connor, Martin JS Rudwick, Rebecca Bedell, and Jonathan Smith.

Given the increase in students with learning disabilities entering university, we investigated a broader group--students with a history of reading difficulties (HRD)--who are known to be at risk of academic struggles. We identified the self-reported reading challenges and strategies of university students with HRD (n = 49) and those with no history of reading difficulties (NRD; n = 88) and examined group differences and relations with first-year grade point average (GPA). Students with HRD reported more difficulties with perceived reading comprehension, concentration, and reading speed than students with NRD. Groups differed in use of reading strategies: Students with HRD were descriptively more likely to reduce reading volume by using alternative materials and chose to read based on text length and availability of alternative materials. For both groups, reading completion and concentration strategies were positively related to GPA, while perceived difficulty with reading comprehension and choosing to read based on interest were negatively related to GPA. Some strategies were negatively associated with GPA for students with NRD, but not for students with HRD. Findings revealed the challenges that students with HRD experience with reading in university and identified strategies, potentially adaptive or maladaptive, that they used to manage their academic reading load.

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has significantly advanced the field of immuno-oncology, yet not all patients benefit from this therapy. Combining ICI with other therapeutic modalities, including tumor ablation, is currently being explored as a method to enhance ICI efficacy. Mechanical High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (M-HIFU) represents a promising tumor ablative therapy, inducing cavitation within the tumor, resulting in tumor cell destruction and the release of danger signals and tumor antigens, two key factors contributing to anti-tumor immune responses.Methods/Results: Preclinical studies on the impact of M-HIFU on the anti-tumor immune response are guiding the translational application of this technique in the clinical setting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the effects of M-HIFU on the immune system. We report on the effect of M-HIFU on soluble immune modulators and immune cells in different preclinical models, and potential contributions to the anti-tumor immune response. We discuss clinical studies applying M-HIFU and studies that have combined ICI with other ablative therapies to draw parallels to clinical implementation of M-HIFU. Further, we will highlight essential questions that should be addressed in future clinical trials exploring the combination of M-HIFU and ICI in the clinical setting.Conclusion: Overall, this review offers guidance for the clinical implementation of combining M-HIFU with ICI and highlights key questions that remain to be addressed in first clinical studies.

We present a synthesis of glacial geomorphology comprising Newfoundland and the surrounding continental shelf. During the last glaciation, this region was encompassed by the Newfoundland Ice Cap that coalesced with the Laurentide Ice Sheet and extended to the continental shelf edge. The subglacial geomorphic signal of terrestrial and marine portions of this ice sheet has been mapped using aerial photography, satellite imagery, SRTM DEMs, multibeam bathymetric data and onshore field mapping over the last 50 years. Here, we build on this, digitizing ∼146,380 features identified in published literature. Using newly available digital elevation data and multibeam bathymetric data, we identify ∼38,550 new features, such as undocumented ice thrust, crevasse and esker ridges and meltwater channels. This updated geomorphological map provides a record of paleo landforms over Newfoundland, enabling future efforts to reconstruct the dynamics, timing and erosion history of ice advance and retreat during the last glacial period..

Introduction: Tumor hypoxia is a feature of many solid malignancies and is known to cause radio resistance. In recent years it has become clear that hypoxic tumor regions also foster an immunosuppressive phenotype and are involved in immunotherapy resistance. It has been proposed that reducing the tumors’ oxygen consumption will result in an increased oxygen concentration in the tissue and improve radio- and immunotherapy efficacy. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells by pharmacological attenuation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and subsequently reduce tumor hypoxia. Material and methods: The metabolic effects of three OXPHOS inhibitors IACS-010759, atovaquone and metformin were explored by measuring oxygen consumption rate, extra cellular acidification rate, and [18F]FDG uptake in 2D and 3D cell culture. Tumor cell growth in 2D cell culture and hypoxia in 3D cell culture were analyzed by live cell imaging. Tumor hypoxia and [18F]FDG uptake in vivo following treatment with IACS-010759 was determined by immunohistochemistry and ex vivo biodistribution respectively. Results: In vitro experiments show that tumor cell metabolism is heterogeneous between different models. Upon OXPHOS inhibition, metabolism shifts from oxygen consumption through OXPHOS towards glycolysis, indicated by increased acidification and glucose uptake. Inhibition of OXPHOS by IACS-010759 treatment reduced diffusion limited tumor hypoxia in both 3D cell culture and in vivo. Although immune cell presence was lower in hypoxic areas compared with normoxic areas, it is not altered following short term OXPHOS inhibition. Discussion: These results show that inhibition of OXPHOS causes a metabolic shift from OXPHOS towards increased glycolysis in 2D and 3D cell culture. Moreover, inhibition of OXPHOS reduces diffusion limited hypoxia in 3D cell culture and murine tumor models. Reduced hypoxia by OXPHOS inhibition might enhance therapy efficacy in future studies. However, caution is warranted as systemic metabolic rewiring can cause adverse effects.

Abstract Background Hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumors and causes radiotherapy and immunotherapy resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to reduce hypoxia. However, the OXPHOS inhibitors tested in clinical trials caused only moderate responses in hypoxia alleviation or trials were terminated due to dose-limiting toxicities. To improve the therapeutic benefit, FDA approved OXPHOS inhibitors (e.g. atovaquone) were conjugated to triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) to preferentially target cancer cell’s mitochondria. In this study, we evaluated the hypoxia reducing effects of several mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors and compared them to non-mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors using newly developed spheroid models for diffusion-limited hypoxia. Methods B16OVA murine melanoma cells and MC38 murine colon cancer cells expressing a HIF-Responsive Element (HRE)-induced Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) with an oxygen-dependent degradation domain (HRE-eGFP-ODD) were generated to assess diffusion-limited hypoxia dynamics in spheroids. Spheroids were treated with IACS-010759, atovaquone, metformin, tamoxifen or with mitochondria-targeted atovaquone (Mito-ATO), PEGylated mitochondria-targeted atovaquone (Mito-PEG-ATO) or mitochondria-targeted tamoxifen (MitoTam). Hypoxia dynamics were followed and quantified over time using the IncuCyte Zoom Live Cell-Imaging system. Results Hypoxic cores developed in B16OVA.HRE and MC38.HRE spheroids within 24 h hours after seeding. Treatment with IACS-010759, metformin, atovaquone, Mito-PEG-ATO and MitoTam showed a dose-dependent reduction of hypoxia in both B16OVA.HRE and MC38.HRE spheroids. Mito-ATO only alleviated hypoxia in MC38.HRE spheroids while tamoxifen was not able to reduce hypoxia in any of the spheroid models. The mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors demonstrated stronger anti-hypoxic effects compared to the non-mito-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors. Conclusions We successfully developed a high-throughput spheroid model in which hypoxia dynamics can be quantified over time. Using this model, we showed that the mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors Mito-ATO, Mito-PEG-ATO and MitoTam reduce hypoxia in tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner, potentially sensitizing hypoxic tumor cells for radiotherapy.

The article explores the revisionist historiography of Victorian sculpture through the writings of Edmund Gosse and discusses the discourses of art-historical Modernism and interdisciplinary Victorianism in terms of natural theology.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and Dendritic Cells (DCs), as well as fibroblasts, formed postnatally in response to signals from cytokines and chemokines. Central to the function of TLS are DCs, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that coordinate the adaptive immune response, and which can be classified into different subsets, with specific functions, and markers. In this article, we review current data on the contribution of different DC subsets to TLS function in cancer and autoimmunity, two opposite sides of the immune response. Different DC subsets can be found in different tumor types, correlating with cancer prognosis. Moreover, DCs are also present in TLS found in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, contributing to disease development. Broadly, the presence of DCs in TLS appears to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes in cancer while in autoimmune pathologies these cells are associated with unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, it is important to analyze the complex functions of DCs within TLS in order to enhance our fundamental understanding of immune regulation but also as a possible route to create innovative clinical interventions designed for the specific needs of patients with diverse pathological diseases.

Abstract Objectives PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade can be an effective treatment for advanced breast cancer patients. However, patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors often display only low lymphocyte infiltration, while a large part of triple negative (TN) breast tumors does not generate an effective immunotherapy response. Therefore, new treatment strategies have to be developed. Here, we investigate Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 as novel ITIM‐bearing inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors similar to PD‐1, but expressed on a broader range of immune cells. Methods We assessed Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 (ligand) expression in TN and ER+ breast cancer tumors and their breast cancer cell line‐induced signalling. Results We report that Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 are highly expressed in TN tumors, and to a low extent in ER+ tumors. Siglec‐7 was observed on myeloid cells, T cells, and NK cells and Siglec‐9 preferentially on myeloid cells. Expression of sialoglycans, including Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands, was observed in both TN and ER+ breast cancer tissue sections. Expression levels of Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands were higher on in vitro cultured TN cell lines than ER+ cell lines. Importantly, by applying chimeric Siglec‐7 reporter cells, we showed the induction of Siglec‐7 signalling by multiple TN cell lines, but only by one ER+ cell line. Moreover, Siglec‐7 signalling is directly related to Siglec‐7 ligand expression levels of breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion These data imply that immunotherapy targeting Siglec receptors may be particularly interesting for TN breast cancer patients not responding to current treatment strategies with tumors displaying high immune cell infiltration.

The T cell is an immune cell subset highly effective in eliminating cancer cells. Cancer immunotherapy empowers T cells and occupies a solid position in cancer treatment. The response rate, however, remains relatively low (