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Filamentous fungi, microorganisms that develop and are located in different habitats, are considered important producers of enzymes and metabolites with potential for the biotechnology industry. The objective of this work was to isolate and identify filamentous fungi that grow in used oil. Two fungal species were characterised through their morphology and molecular identification. The DNA of each extracted strain was amplified by PCR using primers ITS1 and ITS4, obtaining sequences that were later in GenBank (NCBI). A white coloured strain (HB) with a cottony, white, hyaline morphology and irregular borders was observed; so too, a brown colony (HC) with a sandy surface, a well-defined border of beige colour in early growth until it became a dark brown colour. The identity result by homology of the sequences in the BLASTn database was 100% and 99.55%, indicating that they correspond to Cladosporium tenuissimum and Fomitopsis meliae, respectively. Finally, the results in lipolytic activity show greater potential for Fomitopsis meliae with 0.61 U/l in residual oil. Thus, it is important to highlight the potential of this type of waste to favour the prospection of microorganisms for a sustainable alternative for future studies of biological conversion.

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las características fisicoquímicas de residuos orgánicos generados en el municipio de Suchiapa, Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue caracterizar residuos frutihortícolas: cáscara de calabaza, cáscara de tamarindo, hojas de mazorca de maíz y residuos fecales ganaderos: estiércol de ganado bovino, ovino y aves de corral, para determinar su uso óptimo en la producción de biogás y metano. Los parámetros analizados fueron humedad, cenizas, pH, sólidos totales (ST), sólidos totales volátiles (STV), carbón (C) y nitrógeno (N), aplicando los métodos de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NMX-AA-016 a la NMX-AA-025). Los resultados obtenidos del cálculo de STV, estimaron una producción teórica de 850 L de metano/kg de STV mediante el uso de cáscara de calabaza, siendo el mejor residuo para garantizar la producción de biogás. De este modo, con la caracterización fisicoquímica de los residuos se permite revalorizar el potencial de éstos para la producción de biogás.

La gran demanda por parte del mercado y disponibilidad de los productos de alta calidad, prontos para el uso fresco y que contengan solo ingredientes naturales, Inducen a utilizar métodos conservación económicos y amigables con el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se evaluó el comportamiento de rodajas de piña (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) sometidas a un proceso de osmodeshidratación usando como agente edulcorante sacarosa a 25, 50 y 75º ºBrix por 5, 10, 15 y 20 horas de inmersión a una temperatura de 20 ºC. Los resultados demostraron que de los tres jarabes utilizados el de 50 °Brix presentó en su combinación con el índice de aceptación la mejor variante a utilizar Para pasar a la fase de secado, los análisis cinéticos indicaron que la máxima transferencia de masa ocurre en las primeras cinco horas del proceso y la máxima pérdida de agua del producto fue de (21.14%) con un contenido de humedad final en los frutos osmodeshidratados de (74.86%).Las rodajas de piña deshidratadas osmóticamente con mayor concentración de sacarosa tienen una cinética de deshidratación más rápida con respecto a las de menor concentración.

Mexico has three genetic breeding programs for peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). The diversity of its germplasm at a DNA level is unknown. Therefore, the aims of this work were: 1) to characterize the diversity of three P. persica populations using microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs); 2) to genetically compare two P. persica populations from the Prunus breeding programs of the College of Postgraduates and the Center for Genetic Resources and Improvement; and 3) to extrapolate the use of these SSRs to other Prunus species. DNA was extracted from leaves of 162 individuals from three locations: Montecillo and Coatepec Harinas, State of Mexico, and Huimilpan, Querétaro. A CTAB-based protocol was used. The variation of six SSRs was examined in polyacrylamide, and the diversity statistics were obtained for loci and populations. On average, 10.8 alleles were found per locus, a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.66, genic diversity of 0.69, and heterozygosity of 0.49. The most polymorphic locus was UCDCH15, with a PIC of 0.84 for P. persica, and UCDCH14, with 0.9 for the other three Prunus species. Regarding P. persica populations, only five SSRs were polymorphic. The expected heterozygosity was 0.512, 0.719, and 0.621, and the observed heterozygosity was 0.334, 0.716, and 0.768 for Montecillo, Querétaro, and Coatepec Harinas, respectively, indicating that Querétaro is the most diverse, and Montecillo, the most homogenous. The similarity between Montecillo and Coatepec Harinas was 0.543, followed by Montecillo and Querétaro (0.47) and Coatepec Harinas and Querétaro (0.183). For the other Prunus species, the six SSRs were polymorphic, confirming that their use can be extrapolated to related species such as apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), plums (P. salicina L.), and cherries (P. avium L.). This is the first report on diversity in P. persica and some related species by SSRs in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

¿Quién es Flor Pucarina? Es la cantante popular más exitosa de la historia fonográfica peruana. No obstante, tal vez usted nunca ha escuchado su música, debido a esa barrera cultural que existe entre el “Perú oficial” y “el otro Perú”, como decía el antropólogo José Matos Mar en su Desborde popular y crisis del Estado (1984). O, quizás, sí y hasta la idolatra, pero igual, posiblemente, no sabe quién es. La intérprete, también llamada la Faraona del Cantar Huanca, ya es un mito, un personaje de leyenda, y, como tal, su vida —o lo que se cuenta de ella— es una mezcla de realidad y ficción. Se sabe, por ejemplo, que su canción “Ayrampito”1 vendió un millón de copias hacia la mitad de la década de 1960 y que cuando murió, el 5 de octubre de 1987, una multitud que cubría aproximadamente 10 cuadras del Centro de Lima llevó su ataúd hasta el cementerio El Ángel. Pero también se ha dicho que era una libertina, que “había ejercido la prostitución” —en octubre de 2017, las protestas de habitantes y autoridades del valle del Mantaro provocaron que el diario La República, medio que publicó esta información, se disculpara y eliminara el artículo de su plataforma web—, que su fantasma sigue pululando por los bares de La Victoria y que soñar con ella trae buena suerte. La leyenda es tal que incluso su nombre de nacimiento ha generado contradicciones entre sus más aplicados cronistas (muchos creen que es Leonor Chávez Rojas, como figura en su lápida).

This short paper analyses the concentrations of two major components (Fe, S) and eight trace elements (As, Au, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Mn, Zn) in soils and tailings from Tierra Amarilla (northern Chile) using ICP-Ms analysis. The levels of As, Au, Cu, Fe and S are very high and come from polymetallic sulphides from nearby mines, together with minor contributions of Co, Ni and Mn. Hg has its origin in the extreme seasonal flows of the Copiapó River, which erodes the dumps of old precious metal mines. These high concentrations require further analysis of possible metal immobilisation techniques, bioavailability or analysis in cultivated plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo se realizó en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuaria perteneciente a la universidad de Ciego de Ávila “Máximo Gómez Báez”. El material de estudio fueron papas de la variedad Santana provenientes de la Empresa de Cultivos Varios “La Cuba”. En la investigación se montaron cuatro experimentos con el objetivo de establecer una metodología para la deshidratación de papa (Solanum tuberosum. L) con tecnología artesanal. En el proceso experimental se obtuvo que en el proceso de la deshidratación parcial la solución de cloruro de sodio al 20% durante 4 horas presentaron los mejores resultados, mientras que la cinética de secado el resultado más eficiente se obtiene con el secador convencional seguido del secador rustico y por último el sol directo, los análisis microbiológicos realizados a los 15 días después de empaquetar, demostrando que no había crecimiento de hongos y levaduras. En esta investigación, los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante el procesador SPSS – 11.5 para Windows y por la prueba de hipótesis para la comparación de ANOVA.

Forest plantations and natural forests perform a relevant role in capturing CO2 and reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare the diameter increment, biomass and carbon accumulation in a plantation of Pinus durangensis and a naturally regenerated stand. The data were collected from 32 circular plots of 100 m2 (16 plots in the planted site and 16 in naturally regenerated area). At each plot, the diameter at the base (cm) and height (m) of all seedlings were measured using a Vernier and tape measure, and a seedling was destructively sampled collecting one cross-section at the base of the stump. The annual ring-width increment of each sampled seedling was recorded to obtain its diameter at the base and estimate annual aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation through allometric equations. The response variables were evaluated using mixed-effects ANOVA models. Results indicated that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on annual tree-ring width growth, biomass and carbon accumulation. The plantation seedlings showed significantly higher growth rates, biomass and carbon accumulation at most evaluated years. After 7 years of growth the lines of current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) in basal diameter for both the plantation and the natural regeneration have not yet intersected. Both forest plantations and naturally regenerated stands of the studied tree species may be suitable alternatives to promote CO2 capture and increase timber production.

Copyright of Bosque (03048799) is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Austral de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has prompted interest in mRNA-based pharmaceuticals due to their rapid production, adaptability, and safety. Despite these advantages, the inherent instability of mRNA and its rapid degradation in vivo underscores the need for an encapsulation system for the administration and delivery of RNA-based therapeutics. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven the most robust and safest option for in vivo applications. However, the mid- to long-term storage of mRNA-LNPs still requires sub-zero temperatures along the entire chain of supply, highlighting the need to develop alternatives to improve mRNA vaccine stability under non-freezing conditions to facilitate logistics and distribution. Lyophilization presents itself as an effective alternative to prolong the shelf life of mRNA vaccines under refrigeration conditions, although a complex optimization of the process parameters is needed to maintain the integrity of the mRNA-LNPs. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of freeze-drying LNPs, showing that lyophilized mRNA-LNPs retain activity and stability. However, long-term functional data remain limited. Herein, we focus on obtaining an optimized lyophilizable mRNA-LNP formulation through the careful selection of an optimal buffer and cryoprotectant and by tuning freeze-drying parameters. The results demonstrate that our optimized lyophilization process maintains LNP characteristics and functionality for over a year at refrigerated temperatures, offering a viable solution to the logistical hurdles of mRNA vaccine distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: La mejor comprensión de la fisiología reproductiva y la disponibilidad de más y mejores recursos diagnóstico/terapéuticos permiten individualizar la estimulación ovárica y hacerla más efectiva (mejores resultados), eficiente (en menos tiempo y con dosis más bajas), segura (con menos y más leves complicaciones), cómoda (menos molestias y autonomía) y accesible (para más personas, a menores costos). Con tecnología de ADN recombinante se dispone ahora de todas las gonadotrofinas e incluso algunas con formas moleculares modificadas para aumentar la duración de acción y disminuir el número de inyecciones. El esquema más utilizado es el de FSH recombinante junto con antagonistas de GnRH. Hay indicaciones específicas para agregar LH o coadyuvantes como hGH o andrógenos transdérmicos. La estimulación ovárica, además de infertilidad, se usa para la preservación de la fertilidad. Cada vez se implementan más estrategias como acumulación de óvulos, esquemas no convencionales (random start, DuoStim y otros) junto a vitrificación ovular, estudio genético preimplantatorio, transferencias embrionarias diferidas y la investigación continúa. Se pronostican mejoras en un futuro próximo, entre otras antagonistas por vía oral y estudio genético de pacientes para diagnosticar mutaciones o polimorfismos de gonadotrofinas y sus receptores. Aunque ya es factible individualizar la estimulación y volverla más efectiva, segura y amigable, así como ofrecer otras opciones a pacientes de mal pronóstico. Summary: Due to an increased understanding of reproductive physiology and to the availability of more and better diagnostic/therapeutic agents, ovarian stimulation through individualization, has become more effective (improved results), efficient (shorter span and lower doses), safe (less and milder complications), comfortable (less discomfort and dependance) and affordable (for more people at lower cost). All gonadotrophins are now available by recombinant DNA technology, including some modified compounds for specific purposes such as longer action and fewer injections. The most popular ovarian regime uses recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonist. There are precise indications for adding LH or adjuncts like hGH or transdermal androgens. Besides infertility, ovarian stimulation is also indicated for fertility preservation. Strategies like oocyte accumulation, non-conventional stimulation protocols (random start, DuoStim and others), oocyte vitrification, preimplantation genetic testing, freeze-all, deferred embryo transfer for particular cases are becoming popular, and the research still goes on. Future advances like oral GnRH antagonists, and the study of mutations and polymorphisms for gonadotropins and its receptors are foreseen. Today through individualization, ovarian stimulation is safe, effective and friendly, also we can offer good options to bad prognosis patients.

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el perfil nutricional y las estrategias de publicidad de alimentos procesados de trigo y maíz (APTM) ofertados en puntos de venta de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se recolectó información del contenido nutricional y tipos de publicidad para doce categorías de APTM en 58 puntos de venta localizados en zonas de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) bajo y alto. Resultados. El 8.5 y 10.7% de APTM en NSE bajo y alto fueron saludables, respectivamente. ≤12% de los APTM fueron saludables, excepto harinas (~30%) y pastas (~95%). Entre ambos NSE, de 28.3% a 31.9% de APTM usaron personajes, de 46.5% a 50.1% promociones y de 38.2% a 41.3% claims. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas (p

Background. Silvopastoral systems are viable agroforestry option to move toward sustainable livestock and rural development. Objective. to analyze the level of adoption of silvopastoral techniques by beneficiary producers of three converging projects in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas region (Mexico), during the 2008-2017 period. Methodology. Forty-two Cattle Production Units (UPP, for its acronym in Spanish) from the municipalities of Villaflores, La Concordia and Pijijiapan (Chiapas) were diagnosed by socioeconomic and technical variables. A Silvopastoral Systems Development Index (IDESSP, for its acronym in Spanish) was used to evaluate their level of adoption. Results. The global IDESSP of UPP was 52%. UPP in the “High” level of adoption reached an IDESSP of 74% (± 6.2), “Medium” an index of 56% (± 5.3) and located in the “Low” group was 42% (± 3.1). The socio-educational characteristics (age of the producer, years of experience in livestock activity, education level) and the productive variables (land area, herd size, milk production / day, annual income) were different (P 0.001) that allowed a greater adoption of silvopastoral practices were the average annual income of each family, the availability of total land, and the collaboration that the rancher had with other social sectors. Implications. The low adoption of silvopastoral techniques encourages the continuation of conventional livestock practices with negative effects on natural resources, diminishes the capacities for strengthening and social organization, and limits the processes of scaling-up or massification of SSP. Conclusions. The level of adoption of silvopastoral techniques among the UPP was intermediate, which was subject to availability of land, years of experience, educational level and number of links for the production of each owner of the production units, the area under actions of conservation were greater than silvopastoral techniques.

La vegetación secundaria (acahual) provee forraje para la producción de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos (Gómez et al., 2017). Objetivo. Evaluar la preferencia, conducta ingestiva y consumo voluntario de bovinos bajo forrajeo de la diversidad de plantas presente en el acahual. Métodos. El estudio se realizó en Tenabo, Campeche, con nueve vacas adultas y con un diseño completamente al azar de medidas repetidas en el tiempo. La conducta ingestiva se monitoreo siete semanas, en seca y lluvia, con la técnica de bocados focalizados (Bonnet et al., 2015). Se obtuvo la frecuencia de selección, el consumo voluntario (CV; kg MS), el índice de preferencia (IP; %), y el % de cada especie en la dieta de los animales.

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La productividad bovina en la ganadería extensiva del trópico enfrenta fuertes restricciones, principalmente por el período de sequía de seis meses característico de estas regiones. En este mismo período los acahuales proveen de alimento para la producción de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos (Gómez et al., 2017), y sirven de refugio para los animales ante las inclemencias de las altas temperaturas y radiación solar. La utilidad potencial de los acahuales para alimentar a los animales se encuentra influenciada por la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación que los conforman, y que influye sobre las plantas susceptibles de ser seleccionadas y consumidas por los animales (Albores et al., 2020). Por ello, conocer las características de la vegetación del acahual es determinante para la selección, el consumo y digestibilidad del ganado bovino en las distintas épocas del año (Baumont et al., 2000). El potencial alimenticio que representa este recurso es poco estudiado.

Developing methods for successfully grafting forest species will be helpful for establishing asexual seed orchards and increasing the success of forest genetic improvement programs in Mexico. In this study we investigated the effects of two grafting techniques (side veneer and top cleft) and two phenological stages of the scion buds (end of latency and beginning of sprouting), in combination with other seven grafting variables, on the sprouting and survival of 120 intraspecific grafts of Pinus engelmannii Carr. The scions used for grafting were taken from a 5.5-year-old commercial forest plantation. The first grafting was performed on January 18 (buds at the end of dormancy) and the second on February 21 (buds at the beginning of sprouting). The data were examined by analysis of variance and a test of means and were fitted to two survival models (the Weibull’s accelerated failure time and the Cox’s proportional hazards model) and the respective hazard ratios were calculated. Survival was higher in the top cleft grafts made with buds at the end of latency, with 80% sprouting and an estimated average survival time of between 164 and 457 days after the end of the 6-month evaluation period. Four variables (grafting technique, phenological stage of the scion buds, scion diameter and rootstock height) significantly affected the risk of graft death in both survival models. Use of top cleft grafts with buds at the end of the latency stage, combined with scion diameters smaller than 11.4 mm and rootstock heights greater than 58.5 cm, was associated with a lower risk of death.