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Nowadays when human population and demand for quantity and quality of food constantly grow, there is effort to improve technologies, which are used to functioning currently agriculture. Currently spectrum of crop plants, which are available for people, is one of main basis of agriculture. This spectrum is enriched of new cultivars or new crop by classical breeding for centuries. From the end of 20th century spectrum is further expanded on gentically modified plants. However, there were distrustfulness of human society and therefore genetically modified plants were legislatively restricted about their use and cultivation. Inter alia, for these reasons effective and socially acceptable alternatives of standart GM techniques were searched. Set of methods, which was named "New breeding techniques"- NBTs, provides such benefits. This work summarizes NBTs and explains basic principles of their use.

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis summarizes basic facts related to the global climate change and provides up-to-date knowledge on the issue of genetically modified plants more resistant to stress factors of environment, including specific examples of strategies regarding preparation of genetically modified plants resistant particularly to abiotic stress. Although genetically modified plants and global climate changes belong to very important and current issue which public and foremost young generation should be sufficiently aware of, contemporary biology books and high school framework educational program pay to the issue very little attention. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is not only to summarize the basic facts and current knowledge regarding this issue but mainly to handle the issue in didactic level in the form of activating learning tasks. There were 28 learning tasks created in the thesis that gradually in unconventional way familiarize students with the issue of genetically modified plants and with the impacts of climate changes. Students must actively acquire information from accompanying materials to address the tasks properly, think critically over them, utilizing acquired knowledge and experience from the past to some extent. Fourteen tasks were chosen from the file created which...

The issue of transgenic crops and the third world is mostly neglected in secondary education. In view of the fact that it is an interesting topic that gains greater importance worldwide, it would deserve the place in secondary education. It is not necessary to submit information about this topic only in the text form to students but teaching methods that force the students to gain information actively, can be used. Text for teachers was created in diploma thesis. The text could serve as a source of information for teachers in preparing for the lesson about this topic. Then test for students was created. The test consists of tasks that are inspired by the PISA. Students have to gain information actively from the texts in the tasks to solve the tasks correctly. The test consists of three thematic areas (transgenic crops, golden rice, vaccination and edible vaccines) and 16 questions (31 including the sub-questions). The test was verified on a sample of 82 grammar school students at the age of 16 to 19 years. The students were of the four classes in four grammar schools. The students recorded their answers in a data sheet. The data sheet included additional questions that sought the views and attitudes of students towards texts and questions in the test. The teachers completed the questionnaire. The...

Formin homology 2 (FH2) domaincontaining proteins (formins) have, since their discovery in 1990, been observed in all analyzed species of eukaryotic kingdoms. Our knowledge of structure and function of the defining FH2 domain has greatly increased over the last couple of years. Its function in nucleation, polymerization and processive capping of actin filaments designates formin protein family an important cytoskeletonremodelling factor. But FH2 domain is just one part of the puzzle additional optional conserved peptide structures surrounding it, as well as concrete variation of the FH2 domain itself, greatly influence the functional properties and cellular localization of the resultant formin protein. Formins have been implicated in variety of cellular processes, which often (but not always) involve the cytoskeleton e.g. Factin network management, crosstalk of Factin filaments and microtubules or plasma membrane. They also partake in processes integral to cell division, function in conserved signalling pathways and much more. This thesis explains the structure and function of FH2 and FH1 domains, outlines the main formin phylogenetic clades in multicellular eukaryotes and reviews various roles that formins fulfill or are thought to fulfill. Such goal, however, is very bold and (considering the...

The demand for plant and other production is increasing with the growth of human population when the territory where plants can be grown is continually decreasing. The present agricultural production of food, industrial materials and drugs of plant origin is not enough for people, as for the effort to achieve higher environmental comfort, especially in developed countries. We are trying to find a simpler, cleaner and cheaper ways of crop production. The genetic modification is one of the modern ways how to achieve this goal. Students get a lot of information about this topic from various sources, but mainly just from the internet and television. It is recommended that students should be able to compare information received from the media with school knowledge as for avoiding opinion pressure and manipulations.