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The aim of our article is to shed light on the problem of the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome after COVID-19 infection Materials and methods The main research methods we used were scientific research and the actual description of our own clinical case. Laboratory research methods, magnetic resonance imaging, and electromyography were used to confirm the diagnosis and perform differential diagnostics. Results. In 2021, the Center for Acute Neurology and Pain Treatment treated 12 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy. The clinical picture of GBS includes progressive motor and sensory disorders in the extremities and pain. We bring to your attention a clinical case of GBS in patient B., who was treated at the clinical hospital "Feofania". Patient B., 32 years old, was hospitalized in the Feofania Clinical Hospital with complaints of weakness in her arms and legs, inability to walk, foreign body sensation in the throat, difficulty swallowing, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. A few weeks before the disease, the patient was treated for a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient's condition gradually deteriorated by day 25 of the disease, despite plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoid therapy. However, from day 29, the condition gradually improved and on re-examination after 2 months, the patient remained mild distal paresis of the leg muscles (up to 4 points), decreased tendon reflexes from the lower extremities. Disorders of sensitivity and function of the pelvic organs were not observed. Conclusion. In our article, we present a case of COVID-19-associated GBS with a classic clinical picture, increased peripheral paresis, stabilization, and gradual recovery of all functions (respiration, pelvic function, motor, sensory, and reflex) through pathogenetic treatment and follow-up rehabilitation measures.

The main aim of our research was to develop a methodology of chlorophyll content in the leaves of apple trees non-invasive assessment in apple orchards and its adaptation to Early Gold and Golden Reinders based on spectral characteristics of chlorophyll content in the canopy. In each measurement period, 30 samples were collected from each of the two apple cultivars studied. For spectral data collection of leaf samples, an AvaSpec 2048 spectrometer was used in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm in three replicates. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to identify the wavelength with the highest factor weight to identify the chlorophyll-sensitive wavelength. The models were calibrated with 2/3 of the values in the database and validated with the remaining 1/3. The simple linear regression method generated the model for estimating chlorophyll. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to compare the strength of the regression models, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) functions were used to measure the accuracy of the estimator models. These metrics help to quickly assess how reliable and accurate a model's predictions are. Nine indices were obtained based on the precision values, and CHLapple1 performed best (R2 = 0.633, RMSE = 298.28 µg/g, NRMSE = 9.61%, NSE = 0.60, MBE = 84.59, and MAE = 243.39). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common root rot (CRR) caused by the soilborne pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Identification of CRR is difficult and time‐consuming for human assessors due to the non‐distinctive above‐ground symptoms, with browning of subcrown internodes and roots the most distinguishing symptom of infection. CRR disease has been recognized as a significant disease for cereal crops in many countries. In 2009, CRR in Australia was estimated to cause $30 million average annual yield loss for wheat and $13 million for barley. Recent evidence indicates CRR may be more prevalent than expected in Australian wheat cropping areas due to lack of research on this disease. Low levels of B. sorokiniana survive in the soil for up to 10 years and attack plants at early stages of growth. Therefore, mitigating CRR in wheat and barley may not be practical at the late stages of infection due to lack of effective methods; however, early detection might be viable to alleviate the impact of this disease. A comprehensive overview of CRR caused by B. sorokiniana, including disease background, worldwide economic losses, management methods, potential CRR detection using multispectral and hyperspectral sensors and the research focus over the past 50 years is provided in this article. This review paper is expected to provide thorough supplemental information for current studies about CRR and proposes recommendations for whole‐of‐field disease scouting methods to farmers, enabling reduced time and cost for CRR management and increasing wheat and barley production worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—In this study, we performed expression analysis of genes associated with cold-induced sweetening in potato tubers: vacuolar invertase (Pain-1), sucrose synthase (SUS4), and invertase inhibitor (InvInh2). Potato varieties Nikulinsky, Symfonia, and Nevsky were used. All three varieties were found to accumulate sugars at low temperatures; the maximum accumulation of reducing sugars was observed at 4°C. It was found that the expression pattern of genes associated with cold-induced sweetening differs depending on the variety and storage duration. The increased expression of vacuolar invertase and its inhibitor is more pronounced at the beginning of storage period, whereas the increased expression of sucrose synthase is more pronounced after 3 months of storage. At early storage periods, high expression of invertase and low expression of inhibitor is observed in the Dutch variety Symfonia, and vice versa in the Russian varieties Nikulinsky and Nevsky. The involvement of the studied genes in the process of cold-induced sweetening is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the added value of iron oxide scale and reduce the manufacturing cost of porous stainless steel, steel rolling iron oxide scale as an iron-containing raw material was used to prepare porous 316 stainless steel by high-temperature sintering under vacuum conditions, while carbon was used as a reducing agent and pore-forming agent, and the necessary metal powders were added. In our work, the specific reduction system was confirmed, including the sintering temperature, sintering time, vacuum degree and carbon amount, through thermodynamic calculation combined with experiments. Thermodynamic analysis results showed that the transformation process of the chromium element in the raw materials at 10−4 atm and 300~1600 °C was FeCr2O4 + Cr3O4→Cr2O3 + Cr3O4 + Cr23C6→Cr23C6 + Cr7C3 + FCC→FCC + Cr23C6→FCC→FCC + BCC→Cr(liq). The FCC phase with qualified carbon content could be obtained at 10−4 atm and 1200 °C, while 90.88 g iron oxide scale, 17.17 g carbon, 17.00 g metal chromium, 12.00 g metal nickel and 2.5 g metal molybdenum were necessary to produce 100 g porous 316 stainless steel. The porous 316 stainless steel with a carbon content of 0.025% could be obtained at 10−4 atm and 1200 °C for 180 min, while the chromium element underwent the transformation of metal, Cr→FeCr2O4→Cr23C6→Austenite. The porosity of the porous 316 stainless steel was 42.07%. The maximum size of impurity particles was 5 μm when the holding time reached 180 min. Magnetic separation was an effective method to reduce impurities in the porous stainless steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is aimed at the assessing the impact of the ultraviolet radiation in the A, B, and C ranges (as additives to the main light) on general plan condition, the stress experienced by them, the pigment concentration in the leaves and leaf reflective characteristics. Under studying, there were the photo-protective reactions of the purple variety basil plants. The plants were grown in plastic pots in a phyto-chamber equipped with an automatic microclimate system. The phyto-chamber was divided into four compartments where, in addition to the main lighting, there were installed the additional LEDs emitting their radiation in the ranges UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. Plant reactions were evaluated by the contents of the main pigments as detected by the spectrometric method. Then correlations were revealed between those values and the vegetative indices obtained based on the hyperspectral images. A strong correlation (R2 ˃ 0.83) was observed between the values of the vegetative indices ARI and mARI and the anthocyanins concentration in basil leaves. A weak correlation (R2 = 0.0479) was found between the ARI and mARI values and the carotenoids index CRI700, which is attributed to the shielding effect of the anthocyanins. Deviations in the results are influenced by leaf surface unevenness, its thickness and density. Additional research is needed including developing reflection indices taking into account the shielding effect of the purple pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armillaria genus represents one of the most common causes of chronic root rot disease in woody plants. Prompt recognition of diseased plants is crucial to control the pathogen. However, the current disease detection methods are limited at a field scale. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed. In this study, we investigated the potential of hyperspectral techniques to identify fungi-infected vs. healthy plants of Vitis vinifera. We used the hyperspectral imaging sensor Specim-IQ to acquire leaves' reflectance data of the Teroldego Rotaliano grapevine cultivar. We analyzed three different groups of plants: healthy, asymptomatic, and diseased. Highly significant differences were found in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region with a decreasing pattern from healthy to diseased plants attributable to the leaf mesophyll changes. Asymptomatic plants emerged from the other groups due to a lower reflectance in the red edge spectrum (around 705 nm), ascribable to an accumulation of secondary metabolites involved in plant defense strategies. Further significant differences were observed in the wavelengths close to 550 nm in diseased vs. asymptomatic plants. We evaluated several machine learning paradigms to differentiate the plant groups. The Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithm, combined with the most discriminant variables among vegetation indices and spectral narrow bands, provided the best results with an overall accuracy of 90% and 75% in healthy vs. diseased and healthy vs. asymptomatic plants, respectively. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the possibility of using hyperspectral data for root rot disease diagnosis in woody plants. Although further validation studies are required, it appears that the spectral reflectance technique, possibly implemented on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), could be a promising tool for a cost-effective, non-invasive method of Armillaria disease diagnosis and mapping in-field, contributing to a significant step forward in precision viticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]