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12. Nitrogen Translocation in Winter Wheat Varies with Cultivars and Nitrogen Fertilization

Author

ZHANG Rongrong, REN Aixia, LIN Wen, Noor Hafeez, WANG Wenxiang, LI Lei, ZHAO Qingling, GAO Zhiqiang, and SUN Min

Subjects
nitrogen use efficiency, winter wheat, variety, soil nitrate, nitrogen uptake and utilization, yield, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage, TC801-978
Abstract

【Background】 Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is often used by farmers in China as an insurance to guarantee winter wheat yield despite its detrimental impact on the environments such as leaching to groundwater and development of eutrophication. Breeding new varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency is an alternative to sustain wheat production without compromising the environment. 【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to experimentally compare the difference in nitrogen uptake and translocation between different varieties of winter wheat in response to nitrogen fertilization in the loess plateau of China. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from 09/2018 to 07/2019 at Taigu experimental station of Shanxi Agricultural University. We compared six cultivars: Liangxing 99, Hanmai 13, Shannong 22, Liangxing 77, Yannong 999 and Shannong 29. Added to each cultivar was two nitrogen fertilizations: 150 kg/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2. In each treatment, we analyzed the relationship between wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE) as well as N translocation. 【Result】 The varieties Shannong-29, Hanmai-13 and Yannnong-999 were more N-use efficient. Compared with other three varieties, they saw a significant increase in N accumulation in grains and pre-anthesis N translocation and post-anthesis N accumulation; their grain yield and NUE thus increased by 17.85%~22.35% and 9.20%~12.31%, respectively, due to the increased N uptake from the 20~200 cm soil. Fertilization also affected N translocation and accumulation. For the three N-efficient varieties, increasing N application from 150 kg/hm2 to 270 kg/hm2 significantly reduced N accumulation in stem, sheath, leaves and the grains, but boosted pre-anthesis N translocation in stem, sheath and leaves, and post-anthesis N accumulation in the grains. These combined to increase average grain yield and NUE by 11.98% and 4.89%, respectively. For the varieties with low N use efficiency, increasing N application also boosted N accumulation in their grains though not as significant as in other varieties. For the same variety, its yield, NUE and N content in the grains were all positively correlated with pre-anthesis N translocation, especially for the varieties with high NUE. 【Conclusion】 Wheat varieties with high NUE gave high yield because they are more efficient to translocate N from organs to the grains. Pre-anthesis N translocation in stem, sheath and leaves can be used as a proxy for NUE. In terms of fertilization, increasing N fertilizer application from 150 kg/hm2 to 270 kg/hm2 can promote yield and NUE, especially the varieties with high NUE.

Published
2021
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13. Effects of Nitrogen Accumulation, Transportation, and Grain Nutritional Quality and Advances in Fungal Endophyte Research in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Plants.

Author

Li, Linghong, Jiang, Zhijun, Yang, Xinhui, Zhang, Yulai, Huang, Jianxun, Dai, Jing, Noor, Hafeez, Wu, Xiangyun, Ren, Aixia, Gao, Zhiqiang, and Sun, Min

Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture, NITROGEN fertilizers, FUNGAL communities, PLANT communities, BACTERIAL communities, QUINOA
Abstract

This study aims to understand the influence of nitrogen accumulation, fungal endophyte, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain nutritional quality parameters on the yield of quinoa in some areas of China. The endophytic microbial community in plants plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and health, especially in quinoa plants under different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The results from the present study indicated that appropriate nitrogen application significantly enhanced the nitrogen accumulation and yield of quinoa grains during maturity, increasing by 34.54–42.18% and 14.59–30.71%, respectively. Concurrently, protein content, amylose, total starch, ash, and fat content also increased, with respective growth rates of 1.15–18.18%, 30.74–42.53%, 6.40–12.40%, 1.94–21.94%, and 5.32–22.22%. Our constructed interaction network of bacterial and fungal communities revealed that bacteria outnumbered fungi significantly, and most of them exhibited synergistic interactions. The moderate increase in N150 was beneficial for increasing quinoa yield, achieving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of over 20%. The N210 was increased, and both the yield and NUE significantly decreased. This study provides novel insights into the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on quinoa growth and microbial communities, which are crucial for achieving agricultural sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under abiotic stress

Author

Ding, Pengcheng, primary, Tang, Peng, additional, Li, Xiaofen, additional, Haroon, Adeela, additional, Nasreen, Saima, additional, Noor, Hafeez, additional, Attia, Kotb A., additional, Abushady, Asmaa M., additional, Wang, Rongzhen, additional, Cui, Kaiyuan, additional, Wu, Xiangyun, additional, Sun, Min, additional, and Gao, Zhiqiang, additional

Published
2024
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22. Study of glutathione S-transferase (CqGSTs) gene expression patterns, the response of basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)transcription factor and genome-wide identification gene family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) and its mechanisms of salt stress tolerance

Author

Cui, Kaiyuan, Noor, Hafeez, Noor, Fida, Ding, Pengcheng, Sun, Min, and Gao, Zhiqiang

Abstract

Quinoa grains are nutritionally rich and balanced, rich in protein, starch, VB1, folic acid, minerals (Ca, Zn, Fe) and other nutrients and grow at high altitude (> 3500 m above sea level) all year round; it is subjected to drought, low temperature, salt and other abiotic stresses during its growth and development; basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family is the second largest gene family in plants and is involved in many biological processes such as plant growth, development, metabolism and resistance to abiotic stress. In bioinformatics and expression analysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene in quinoa in this study, 114 CqGSTgenes were identified from the whole genome of quinoa by bioinformatics methods. The phylogenetic tree showed that 114 CqGSTgenes were divided into seven subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes suggested that tandem and fragment replication events played a key role in the expansion of the CqGSTsgene family, and the CqGSTgenes may have undergone strong purification selection during the evolution process. Analysis of salt-treated transcriptome from the roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive quinoa cultivars showed that salt treatment induced changes in the expression levels of CqGSTsgenes. By comparing the sequences of the bHLHgene family members of Arabidopsis thaliana and the bHLHtranscription factor family members Quinoa most of the bHLHtranscription factors of quinoa have high homology with that of Arabidopsis thaliana. The number of exons contained in CqGSTgene ranged from 1 to 14, among which CqGSTL2contained 14 exons, indicating that CqGSTL2contained 14 exons, the gene with the highest number of exons, respectively. The number of exons in six CqGSTZmembers was significantly different, including three members have two exons and three have nine exons. Studies on chromosome distribution are that except for no CqGSTgene on chromosome 09, all the other chromosomes were identical; there was CqGSTgene distribution, and chromosome 07 contains 20 CqGSTgenes, which was one of CqGSTgene distribution. CqGSTL1and CqGSTU1cannot locate specific chromosomes due to the quality of the genome. In order to explore the expression pattern of GST gene, different tissues or RNA-seq data of Quinoa from various developmental stages of organs were systematically analyzed. In class U, CqGSTU22, CqGSTU67, CqGSTU43,CqGSTU42, CqGSTU15, in class L, CqGSTL1and CqGSTL5, in class Z, CqGSTZ5, DHAR class CqDHAR2and CqDHAR3were strongly expressed in various varieties tissues and organs. The CqGST, U66, CqGSTF20and CqGSTF23were not expressed in the 11 tissues or organs tested. Related to the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these genes, there were multiple genes in each type in the seedlings medium and high expression such as CqGSTL4, CqGSTL6, respectively.

Published
2024
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41. Nutrient Cycling and Nitrogen Management Impact of Sowing Method and Soil Water Consumption on Yield Nitrogen Utilization in Dryland Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Author

Ding, Pengcheng, Noor, Hafeez, Shah, Anis Ali, Yan, Zhouzuo, Sun, Peijie, Zhang, Limin, Li, Linghong, Jun, Xian, Sun, Min, Elansary, Hosam O., and Gao, Zhiqiang

Subjects
*WATER consumption, *NUTRIENT cycles, *WHEAT, *NITROGEN cycle, *SOWING, *NITROGEN fertilizers, *WINTER wheat, *GRAIN yields
Abstract

The current study was designed to investigate the best sowing method that encourages dry matter accumulation to increase dryland wheat yield, grain quality, and protein content. Three different seeding methods were applied: (I) wide-space sowing (WSS), (II) furrow sowing, and (III) drill sowing. Two nitrogen levels, namely low nitrogen (N1) and high nitrogen (N2), were also applied, and the pure nitrogen was 150 kg ha−1 and 210 kg ha−1, respectively. Wide-space sowing significantly increased the ears and yield production, the maximum, and average grain-filling rate while furrow sowing delayed the disappearance of the population after anthesis, increased the duration of grain filling, and then significantly increased the number of spikes and the 1000-grain weight increased, respectively. Drill sowing compared to wide-space sowing significantly increased the content of nitrogen in the grain of the nitrogen harvest index, and it increased the content of protein and the yield of protein, respectively. In addition, the grain yield and protein yield of wide-precision sowing were significantly higher than that of trench sowing. Our findings suggest that wide-space sowing was beneficial for increasing water consumption during the growth period, increasing the tiller dynamics, improving the plant dry matter quality, and increasing the grain protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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