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The article aims to explore the role of context and common sense in the dialogical reasoning of characters in some works by Nguyen Ngoc Thuan. Specifically, it has cataloged the dialogues in the stories, categorized the contexts and common sense, and counted their frequencies. From these results, we commented on the influence of contextual factors and common sense in shaping the dialogical style in Nguyen Ngoc Thuan’s creations. Additionally, the article highlights Nguyen Ngoc Thuan’s character portrayal through the perspective of dialogical reasoning. Thus, besides understanding argumentative structures, analyzing context and common sense in dialogical reasoning is a direction and a different perspective when approaching literary works.

The Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt (Tylototriton sparreboomi) is a recently discovered species of crocodile newts from Vietnam and it is currently known only from Sin Ho District in Lai Chau Province. Due to the limited information available on its population status and distribution, the species has been classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List. As a result of our field surveys in 2021 and 2022 in north-western Vietnam, novel data on distribution and population status of and threats to this poorly-known species were collected. We combined the newly-discovered locations with previous occurrence records and used the data as input for modelling the potential distribution of the Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt. The results showed that the Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt’s potential distribution encompasses areas in Lai Chau, Dien Bien and Son La Provinces, Vietnam, as well as a section in Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China. Based on the findings, we suggest that protected areas in the eastern side of Hoang Lien Mountain Range, such as Che Tao, Muong La, Hoang Lien – Van Ban and Bat Xat Nature Reserves and Hoang Lien National Park in Vietnam and Jinping Feishuling Nature Reserve in China be priority sites for the species conservation. Future research and conservation initiatives should prioritise efforts in such areas in an effort to find and protect new populations of the newt.

Droughts are among the most costly hazards in Tay Nguyen (known as Vietnamese Central Highlands), causing significant threats to agriculture and vegetation ecosystems. This study investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation-based drought in the Tay Nguyen Provinces of Dak Lak and Dak Nong, using a long-term series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) from 2000 to 2023. The results exhibited a high positive correlation (R=0.73) between VCI and soil moisture-based drought index in drought-detected areas. Monthly analysis revealed severe drought events during the dry months, notably in 2005, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019. In contrast, wetter conditions were primarily observed during 2017-2018 and 2022-2023. Despite temporal variability of drought, larger trends of decreasing and increasing vegetation-based drought were detected during the dry season. These trends remained a relatively stable during the rainy season. Among vegetation types, shrubland exhibited the lowest VCI trends. This research offers valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers to develop targeted strategies for sustainable land management and regional drought resilience.

Based on the examination of specimens of Amolops minutus Orlov & Ho, 2007 and A. ottorum Pham, Sung, Pham, Le, Zieger & Nguyen, 2019, we found that there is no significant morphological difference between them. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that A. minutus and A. ottorum belong to the same taxon. In addition, we discovered the distribution of A. minutus in China.In this study, we provide the first molecular data of Amolops minutus and regard A. ottorum as a junior synonym of A. minutus. In addition, we report the first record of A. minutus from China, based on nine specimens collected from Guanyinshan Provincial Nature Reserve in southern Yunnan Province and present an updated diagnosis of this species, based on literature data and newly-collected specimens.

M-learning is usually thought of as based on videos, digital materials, and high technology. Nonetheless, it is not a complete perspective of this new educational trend. Mobile devices with many functions can be an effective tool to support learning. Furthermore, learners nowadays, who were born in the 4.0 movement, are more familiar with mobile devices than notebooks. They spend much time on their mobile phones interacting on social media and playing mobile games. Hence, if educators can integrate those interests into traditional lesson plans, added value would appear for learners' academic performance and learner autonomy. This paper proposes the idea of combining m-learning, gamification, and other factors influencing learning motivation into a mobile application to reinforce students' learner autonomy. With a case study at Nguyen Tat Thanh University, we take a closer look at the effectiveness of the application on students' language acquisition and a detailed description of how to best use the application along with lessons at schools. Using experimental methods with surveys and tests, this paper draws a bonding connection between students' personal interest in the subject and their performance. The study provides thoughtful insights into utilizing m-learning and gamification to improve students' learner autonomy and modernize language learning classrooms in this technological context.

This study attempts to ascertain the common listening comprehension challenges that students at the University of Information and Communications Technology, Thai Nguyen University (ICTU) often encounter in listening and understanding English. Ten students were interviewed in-person by the authors, who also polled fifty second-year students. Through the use of a research methodology that blends qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics, the authors have demonstrated that there are three main factors that contribute to students’ difficulties with listening comprehension: listening materials, listeners, speakers and facilities. Along with analysing the aforementioned factors, the writers offered some recommendations for improving students' listening comprehension.

Based on feminist theory, this article compares two literary works published in the 1990s in Vietnam and China: Trees without Wind by Li Rui and A Piece of Land with Many People and Ghosts by Nguyen Khac Truong. It focuses on identifying the connection between gender and power, how the male gaze perceives the female body, and expressions of submission and resistance of women in the context of Eastern patriarchal society in the 1990s. Through a deep reading method, the article analyzes the nature of patriarchy and the presence of gender power in the two novels, thereby critiquing the social system dominated by men and breaking gender biases in literary discourse created by men. This article also contributes to scholarly research on feminist theory in the world.

In the context of the current “flat world”, developing countries like Laos, Cambodia, etc., need high-quality human resources in science and technology for their national economies. It is inevitable to send students to countries with more developed science and technology. Vietnam is a top priority for Lao students because of many advantages compared to other countries such as affordability, reasonable cost of living and studying, progressive education quality, and close cultural environment. Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology (ICTU) is a highly attractive destination and the top choice of Lao students, especially in engineering and technology majors. In this study, the authors propose and provide some solutions to further enhance the quality of education and training for Lao students, ensuring to always be a reliable, reputable address and increasingly attracting more international students in general and Lao students in particular. This contributes to cultivating the lasting friendship between the two countries.

In preschool activities, children's need for cooperation is extremely strong. In today's era, the knowledge economy along with the scientific and technological revolution and international integration are developing rapidly. That requires children to know how to cooperate, share, listen, resolve conflicts and coordinate with each other. Therefore, cooperation skills are an indispensable factor to help children succeed. The article studies the reality of cooperative skills education management in Thai Nguyen city preschools in terms of planning, organizing and directing implementation, thereby proposing solutions such as: Organize training for teachers on cooperative skills education methods for 5-6 year old children in preschool; Mobilize forces inside and outside the school to participate in educating cooperation skills for 5-6 year old children in preschool; Mobilizing forces inside and outside of the school; Development of facilities to serve cooperative skills education activities for 5-6 year old children in preschool.

Buddhism is one of the major religions practiced in Vietnam. The attitude of the Vietnamese toward Buddhism during different periods is therefore an important topic. In this article, we analyze 145 Buddhist epitaphs from the Le and Nguyen dynasties. Our aim is to gain insight into three aspects of the attitude of Confucians toward Buddhism: The extent of Confucian involvement in the creation of Buddhist epitaphs, the level of sympathy expressed toward Buddhism by Confucians, and the expression of Buddhist thought in the spiritual life of the Vietnamese, as revealed by the inscriptions. We thereby aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how Buddhism has impacted Vietnamese spirituality.

The Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt ( Tylototritonsparreboomi ) is a recently discovered species of crocodile newts from Vietnam and it is currently known only from Sin Ho District in Lai Chau Province. Due to the limited information available on its population status and distribution, the species has been classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List. As a result of our field surveys in 2021 and 2022 in north-western Vietnam, novel data on distribution and population status of and threats to this poorly-known species were collected. We combined the newly-discovered locations with previous occurrence records and used the data as input for modelling the potential distribution of the Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt. The results showed that the Sparreboom's Crocodile Newt's potential distribution encompasses areas in Lai Chau, Dien Bien and Son La Provinces, Vietnam, as well as a section in Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China. Based on the findings, we suggest that protected areas in the eastern side of Hoang Lien Mountain Range, such as Che Tao, Muong La, Hoang Lien - Van Ban and Bat Xat Nature Reserves and Hoang Lien National Park in Vietnam and Jinping Feishuling Nature Reserve in China be priority sites for the species conservation. Future research and conservation initiatives should prioritise efforts in such areas in an effort to find and protect new populations of the newt., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest to declare Disclaimer: This article is (co-)authored by any of the Editors-in-Chief, Managing Editors or their deputies in this journal., (Anh Van Pham, Minh Duc Le, Truong Quang Nguyen, Mai Huyen Le, Cuong The Pham, Anh Tuan Nguyen.)

Bufo rubroventromaculatus Orlov, Ananjeva, Ermakov, Lukonina, Ninh & Nguyen, 2024 is a species recently described from Vietnam. Currently, this species is known from central and northern Vietnam and it uncertain whether this species is distributed in China. In addition, the original description of this species is very brief.Based on nine specimens collected from Yunnan Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region, China, we provide the first confirmed record of Bufo rubroventromaculatus from China. The morphological characteristics of the specimens from China mostly agree with the original description of B. rubroventromaculatus and, phylogenetically, the specimens from China clustered with the type series of B. rubroventromaculatus from Vietnam. We also provide a supplementary description of this species, based on the specimens we collected.

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The article presents the process of applying the Flipped classroom model alongside traditional teaching methods during the teaching of the Database fundamentals course at the Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology. The results obtained through implementation, analysis, and evaluation based on the teaching of this course show that this model has demonstrated many distinct advantages. It has generated student interest, active engagement in learning, improved self-study skills, fostered critical thinking, and enhanced various learning skills. Additionally, it has overcome some limitations of traditional teaching models, contributing to the overall improvement in teaching quality and student performance at the university.

Background: Based on the examination of specimens of Amolopsminutus Orlov & Ho, 2007 and A.ottorum Pham, Sung, Pham, Le, Zieger & Nguyen, 2019, we found that there is no significant morphological difference between them. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that A.minutus and A.ottorum belong to the same taxon. In addition, we discovered the distribution of A.minutus in China., New Information: In this study, we provide the first molecular data of Amolopsminutus and regard A.ottorum as a junior synonym of A.minutus . In addition, we report the first record of A.minutus from China, based on nine specimens collected from Guanyinshan Provincial Nature Reserve in southern Yunnan Province and present an updated diagnosis of this species, based on literature data and newly-collected specimens., (Shuo Liu, Truong Quang Nguyen, Minh Duc Le, Cuong The Pham, Anh Van Pham, Mian Hou, Hongxin Zhou, Mingzhong Mo, Mei Li, Biao Li, Xiong Luo, Dingqi Rao, Song Li.)

Nguyen, Kim H. Mean Girl Feminism: How White Feminists Gaslight, Gatekeep, & Girlboss. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2024. Pp. 133. ISBN: 9780-252-04557-8 (cloth) $110.00; 978-0-252-08768-4 (paper) $22.95; 978-0-252-05523-2 (e-book) [...]

I composed The Boat and the Sea as a celebration of my first love. This piece is inspired by a poem by Xuân Quỳnh (1942–88), one of the most well-known female poets in Vietnam since the twentieth century. Her poem, “Thuyền và Biển” [The Boat and the Sea], is a love letter that describes a woman’s heart through several stages of love. At first, she is a mysterious sea, so enticing yet far away. Then, as her heart grows fonder, she is like gentle ripples, but some other times, she becomes vehement waves that push the boat for no reason. And if she is ever separated from her love, all that remains in her are tumultuous storms.In the performers' score, I quote lines from the poem at the beginning of each musical section to suggest the desired characteristics of the music.* Several extended techniques for the alto saxophone and percussion imitate sounds from the ocean, such as winds, storms, moving sand, the seagulls' chirping, and whales' vocalization. For the electronic percussion, I use the recordings from A Collection of Sounds from the Sea on the website of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)** as the sound samples.This music score was submitted for Resonate 2024: An Open Access Call for Scores by the UCLA Music Library with Bent Frequency and Jan Berry Baker.

This article examines the educational policies and cultural behavior of the Nguyen Dynasty toward teachers in the South to answer the following questions: What were the policies for establishing schools in the South? What was the purpose of the Nguyen Dynasty in regulating teachers and students? What were the differences in behavior of the Nguyen Dynasty toward Southern teachers compared with other localities? What were the similarities and differences between public and private schools in the South? To answer these questions, we collect and document bibliographic sources. Using methods of comparison, analysis, and synthesis, we outline the process of implementing educational policies in general, policies to manage teachers in the South in particular, and assess the role of teachers and teacher standards in improving the quality of education during the Nguyen Dynasty. In addition, this article also compares the differences in the behavior of the Nguyen Dynasty toward teachers in public and private schools in different localities and provides comments and assessments on the cultural behavior of the Nguyen Dynasty toward teachers in the feudal South.

Partendo dalla affermazione di Viet Thanh Nguyen che tutte le guerre sono combattute due volte, la prima sul campo di battaglia, la seconda nella memoria, questo contributo intende esaminare il modo in cui l’autore indaga gli effetti della guerra del Vietnam sui rifugiati e sulla generazione successiva nella raccolta di racconti The Refugees (2017). Per quanto riguarda i ricordi conflittuali della guerra, Nguyen nelle sue opere critiche e creative va alla ricerca di una memoria giusta che sia in grado di richiamare il passato in modo da rendere giustizia ai dimenticati, agli esclusi, agli oppressi, ai fantasmi. Lo scrittore invoca una complessa etica della memoria che ponga attenzione al ciclo vitale dei ricordi, alla loro produzione industriale, a come evolvono e cambiano. Secondo l’autore, l’arte gioca un ruolo centrale in questo lavoro etico perché, al suo meglio, è capace di opporsi al potere e alla guerra. In The Refugees Nguyen decostruisce la figura ricorrente del “buon rifugiato” e il mito della “nazione rifugio” creati dagli Americani per far fronte alla “difficile memoria” della guerra del Vietnam, sottolineando come l’intersecarsi di guerra, violenza e potere abbiano costretto i vietnamiti a una dislocazione forzata rendendo le loro vite infestate dalle perdite e dagli spettri del passato. Alla maniera teorizzata da Avery Gordon, i fantasmi, gli spettri e le identità indefinite che popolano i racconti di Nguyen sono la traccia spettrale di giustizie sociali irrisolte. La discontinuità del trauma e la sua problematica eredità sono esaminate in storie che si focalizzano sui rapporti intergenerazionali e invitano i lettori a mettersi eticamente in ascolto delle voci che provengono dalla “ferita che grida.”