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Cet article est la première tentative psychopathologique d'explication des mécanismes qui sont à l'œuvre dans les liens cachés qui unissent les mondes réel et virtuel. Tout d'abord du monde réel vers le virtuel, puis, telle une boucle de retro-feedback, du monde virtuel vers le monde réel. Ces mécanismes sont nouveaux et récents – ils ont moins de vingt ans – et mettent en évidence une dérégulation pulsionnelle, facilitée par un processus de désincarnation des comportements. La lecture psychopathologique de ces mécanismes et de leurs enchaînements dans le monde réel révèle le pouvoir d'amplification et de massification des agressions, notamment sexuelles, dans le monde réel. Leur banalisation, voire leur normalisation y sont également questionnées. This article is the first attempt to explain psychopathologically the mechanisms that play a role in the hidden links that unite the real and virtual worlds. First from the real world to the virtual, then, like a retro-feedback loop, from the virtual world to the real world. These mechanisms are new and recent – less than twenty years old – and highlight a deregulation of instincts, facilitated by a process of disembodiment of behavior. The psychopathological interpretation of these mechanisms and their linking sequences in the real world emphasizes the extent of the amplification and massification of assaults, especially sexual, in the real world. We also examine their trivialization and even their normalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing deepfake detection methods often fail to maintain their performance when confronting new test domains. To address this issue, we propose a generalizable deepfake detection system to implement style diversification by alternately learning the domain generalization (DG)-based detector and the stylized fake face synthesizer (SFFS). For the DG-based detector, we first adopt instance normalization- and batch normalization-based structures to extract the local and global image statistics as the style and content features, which are then leveraged to obtain the more diverse feature space. Subsequently, contrastive learning is used to emphasize common style features while suppressing domain-specific ones, and adversarial learning is performed to obtain the domain-invariant features. These optimized features help the DG-based detector to learn generalized classification features and also encourage the SFFS to simulate possibly unseen domain data. In return, the samples generated by the SFFS would contribute to the detector's learning of more generalized features from augmented training data. Such a joint learning and training process enhances both the detector's and the synthesizer's feature representation capability for generalizable deepfake detection. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors not only in intra-domain tests but particularly in cross-domain tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normalization indicates that states have opened a new page in their bilateral relations, and while it does not cover some problematic areas in relations and does not offer a final solution, it serves to create a reasonable basis for dialogue. The concept of normalisation includes the capacity to transform not only the political but also the economic dimension of Turkish-Israeli relations. This article contends that before the normalisation process in the bilateral relationship, the economic and especially the commercial dimension of the relations remained at a certain level and maintained its strong position even during tense diplomatic and political periods. In this context, the article draws attention to the fact that the normalization of Israel-Turkey relations is an ongoing process and aims to indicate that despite the existence of some disagreements, the search for cooperation on specific issues of common interest may continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the tensions in Turkish–Israeli relations during the 2010s as well as prospects and challenges of normalisation from an ontological security perspective. Emphasising the role of conflicts in the provision of ontological security, it illustrates how frictions with Israel and attachment to the Palestinian issue serve the identity needs of Turkey's political elites and provides additional avenues for responding to legitimacy challenges. The article suggests that comprehensive normalisation of relations remains elusive and uncertain despite recent positive steps as this may engender ontological insecurity for both countries and can lead to a backlash towards hostile identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media and sport research has produced a significant corpus of academic literature. This work has enhanced our understanding of the influence of social media in various areas of the sport industry. This work, however, has often glamorized social media and its benefits, leading to a normalization about social media that obscures its negative effects and impacts in sport. This commentary reflects on how social media and sport research has evolved over time and calls for more consideration to be given to critical approaches to social media research that look beyond analysis of social media content. The commentary specifically addresses areas of inquiry around athlete welfare and social media, social media and young athletes, and social media professionals and their work environment. The commentary aims to encourage more critical perspectives related to social media that will enhance the inclusivity of the social media and sport literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an evaluation of the numerical method for limiting the effect of spectral leakage on the frequency normalisation results of the pavement load and displacement functions which were induced with a dynamic impulse generated during FWD tests. The main part of the paper is concerned with the presentation of a method, which can be used to effectively reduce the effect of spectral leakage on the frequency normalisation of signals obtained through pavement testing with FWD. The method developed is supported by the observed differences between the results of the backcalculations carried out for the measurement results of the test section pavement deflections, which were subjected to frequency normalisation with and without spectral leakage reduction. The signals, where the proposed spectral leakage mitigation method was applied, were the only ones for which the identified values of the elastic modulus of the asphalt layer package model increase as the frequency increases, which agrees with the generally accepted relationship observed under laboratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normalizing mental health disorders in media communication can have a positive impact on the public by improving awareness. However, normalizing issues like anxiety could lead people to categorize normal anxiety as a disorder. In Study One, viewing social media posts that normalized anxiety resulted in a greater likelihood of self-diagnosis of anxiety disorder compared to social media posts that did not normalize it. This effect was through identification with and liking of the person featured in the social media post. In Study Two, those results were replicated. Additionally, we expected, but did not find, that normalizing anxiety had an impact on perceived stigma of anxiety disorders. Thus, at least in this case, normalization influenced self-diagnosis primarily through increasing identification with another person with anxiety, rather than decreasing stigma. Efforts to maximize positive impacts of normalizing disorders should examine unintended, potentially negative, consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the role of a citizen, a public official, and an observer in the reproduction of bribery as a social norm are each analyzed. To make the analysis of this cellular-social form of corruption, three variables are incorporated: the agent's perception of how widespread the corruption is, the agent's available resources with which to act, and the role of moral values. Later, some scenarios of normalization and denormalization of corruption are explored, making different assumptions regarding the analysis and assignment of agents to different roles in the interactions. What was found is that power relations among corrupt and non-corrupt agents are key for understanding the social reproduction of bribery, where inequality might facilitate the social reproduction of corruption. The role of the observer of the interaction of bribe-givers, bribe-takers, and bribe-resisting agents was also found to potentially tip the balance in the direction of normalization or denormalization of bribery. Hence, giving the observer tools to intervene in these interactions becomes essential to combat corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of cinema in recalibrating public perception of gender nonconforming individuals. It argues that the act of 'coming out' can be facilitated through cinema as it can normalize queer identities through its visual narratives. Cobalt Blue (2022), an adaptation of the eponymous novel, originally written in Marathi in 2006 and translated by Jerry Pinto into English in 2016, problematizes the traditional notions about sexuality and gender. This article foregrounds Cobalt Blue to explicate the psychological turmoil experienced by those who embody non-binary gender identities. It explores the impact of cinema in triggering broader discussions about sexual identity across a wide range of gender spectrums. The conceptual framework of queer theory has been used to elucidate how the protagonists in Cobalt Blue acquire agency by embracing their sexuality. This research postulates that 'queer cinema' can bring about gender equality, neutralize homophobia, and facilitate the normalization of the LGBTQ+ community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past 40 years, Neil Tennant has defended a proof-theoretic criterion of self-referential paradoxicality. According to this criterion, the defining characteristic of paradoxes is that, when formulated within a natural deduction system, they produce derivations that cannot be normalized. This paper raises doubts about Tennant's approach. Recently, Tennant has suggested that Russell's paradox might not truly fit his criterion. I will argue that the reasoning that rules out Russell's paradox can similarly be applied to some semantic paradoxes. Therefore, if Tennant's assessment of Russell's paradox holds, few cases may genuinely qualify as paradoxes by his standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project introduction texts provide decision-makers with essential information for project portfolio planning. These free texts offer valuable information about how developing capabilities align with their strategic goals. Capability-based Planning (CBP) process is concerned with optimizing the project portfolio to realize the planning, engineering, and delivery of these capabilities. However, up to now, the research on enhancing accessibility to free text data in the CBP decision-making process through semantic modeling is limited, leading the CBP's decision-makers to ignore the potential advantages of existing semantic modeling methods when dealing with many free texts. This paper aims to address this gap by introducing knowledge modeling and mining of project introduction text corpus, leveraging semantic technology to support CBP. First, we design an ontology of capability to describe the core concepts relevant to the CBP process. Subsequently, a semantic framework based on the RDF knowledge graph is proposed, enabling humans and machines to comprehend project description texts. To capture the semantic data essential for CBP, a motif structure is employed to model semantic expressions, ensuring their consistency with CBP concepts through compliance checks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed semantic framework is evaluated by querying the project's knowledge graph after semantic normalization, providing an assessment of its potential in CBP applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Marriage has been introduced as the most important and main communication factor between humans. Infidelity in marriage is one of the most damaging problems that affect commitment and marriage relationships. The present study investigated the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting components of marital infidelity. Methods: This study attempted to determine the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting legitimacy, seduction, normalization, sexuality, social background, and sensation seeking in marital infidelity. The population comprised all the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. Considering the size of the population, 200 students were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an infidelity questionnaire (Yeniceri & Kökdemir, 2006) and Young’s early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (Young, 1999). Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation (β=-0.15) between the over-vigilance/inhibition and the legitimacy of infidelity (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) between impaired autonomy and performance with normalization (P<0.05). Also, impaired limits had a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) with the social background in marital infidelity (P<0.05). Multiple regressions analysis showed that over-vigilance/inhibition (β=-0.024, P>0.05) and impaired limits (β=0.15, P>0.05) were predictors of legitimacy. Impaired autonomy and performance (β=0.15, P>0.05) and other-directedness (β=-0.13, P>0.05) were predictors of seduction. Impaired autonomy and performance were predictors of normalization (β=0.06, P>0.05). Over-vigilance/inhibition could predict sexuality (β=-0.13, P>0.05). Disconnection and rejection could predict sensation seeking (β=0.016, P>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the predictive role of early maladaptive schemas on the tendency of marital infidelity. When couples become aware of negative initial maladaptive schemas, conflict and eventually marital discord may decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey's engagement in Middle Eastern politics, significantly since the Arab Uprising, has continuously changed the direction of decades-old Turkey-Israel relations. The existing literature elaborates on several aspects of destabilising or normalizing relations between these two countries, but the dimension of Israel's identity-based threat perception is yet to be revealed, despite Israel having long tried to balance identities in the region. By asking whether Turkey challenges Israel's identity-based regional vision or plays a bystander role, this study presents a two-layered analysis of Israel-Turkey relations. While discussing the cognitive essence of Israel's post-2011 regional perspective that transformed the 'identity-based threat' perceptions in an uncertain environment, it locates Turkey's engagement in the region into Israel's regional understanding. Within this aim, the paper is organized as follows. First, the current literature on Israel-Turkey relations is summarized to see not only the short history of relations but also the major trends in studying Israel-Turkey relations. Second, the changing threat perceptions of Israel after the Arab Uprisings are examined to identify the continuities and changes. The third part locates Turkey in Israel's regional vision by discussing the Egyptian and Syrian experiences of the Arab Uprisings. In the final part, the commitment policies of regional actors regarding the Palestinian issue are comparatively analysed to make sense of Israeli normalization with the Gulf States and re-normalization with Turkey. By going beyond the challenger/bystander spectrum, this study claims that Turkey's position in all cases shows the characteristics of the 'disobedient bystander'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the linguistic resources employed in the discursive reproduction and normalisation of national unity, as constructed by the private sponsors of newspaper congratulatory announcements (NCAs) in Nigeria during the period between 2011 and 2016. The analysis is focused on how the processes of lexicalisation and metaphorisation were utilised in realising such discursive purposes. The study is theoretically informed bysystemic functional grammar (SFG) and theory of conceptual metaphors. The analysis includes linguistic analysis and qualitative content analysis (QCA) in identifying the lexical items as well as the figures of speech used in the NCAs. Findings from the analysis revealed that positively charged lexical items have been employed by the non-state sponsors of the NCAs in an attempt to recontextualise and normalise the unity discourse in the Nigerian context, which goes against the status quo and the lived experiences of the masses. Moreover, the problem of unity is also metaphorised, naturalised and reproduced in the NCAs in another attempt to transform and manipulate people's thoughts and practices through such a metaphorical construction of unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in sociology and organization studies has consistently documented the tendency for organizations to develop wrongdoing practices that are at odds with the legal and moral frameworks of society. Often, this wrongdoing acquires a degree of normalization where it is endorsed, encouraged, and accepted throughout the organization. Such normalized wrongdoing can have severe negative effects on the whistleblowing opportunities of employees. While these effects are intuitively easy to understand, we still lack an understanding of the significant variation that exists across situations of normalized wrongdoing and how that variation may affect potential whistleblowers. To advance such an agenda, the paper analyzes 14 whistleblower autobiographies. Building on work on normalized wrongdoing within corruption, fraud, and management studies and Niklas Luhmann's theories on organization, the analysis finds that normalized wrongdoing in the autobiographies appears in different intensities that depend on the role of management, the benefits organizations obtain from wrongdoing, and the extent to which wrongdoing norms are internalized by employees. The paper builds on these distinctions to suggest a continuum of normalized wrongdoing from 'weak' to 'strong.' Understanding this variation offers a new set of tools to assess the organizational realities that concerned employees must navigate in when they attempt to resist and address situations of normalized wrongdoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a novel method for sentiment analysis and requirement elicitation from social media feedback, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques. This innovative approach automates the extraction and classification of user requirements by analyzing sentiment in data gathered from social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. Utilizing APIs (Application Programming Interface) for data collection and Graph-based Neural Networks (GNN) for feature extraction, the proposed model efficiently processes and analyzes large volumes of unstructured user-generated content. The preprocessing pipeline includes data cleaning, normalization, and tokenization, ensuring high-quality input for the sentiment analysis model. By classifying user feedback into requirement and non-requirement categories, the model achieves significant improvements in capturing user sentiments and requirements. The experimental results demonstrate that the model outperforms existing benchmark methods with an accuracy of 95.02%, precision of 94.74%, and recall of 94.53%. These metrics underscore the model's effectiveness in identifying and classifying user requirements accurately. The authors illustrate the proposed methodology through extensive validation and impact analysis, highlighting its effectiveness in dynamically adapting to evolving user feedback. This approach enhances the agility and user-centered nature of software development, ensuring more responsive and accurate requirement elicitation. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of automated feedback collection, advanced preprocessing techniques, and the use of GNN for feature extraction. This combination allows the model to consider the complex and interconnected data structures typical of social media content, leading to superior performance in sentiment analysis and requirement elicitation. The new method's effectiveness is further confirmed by calculations of performance metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. The proposed methodology's practical implications are vast, offering a potent solution for agile and user-centered software development practices. By dynamically integrating real-time user feedback, the model supports continuous software improvement and adaptation, making it highly relevant for rapidly changing user preferences and requirements. This research contributes significantly to the fields of sentiment analysis, machine learning, and software engineering, providing a robust framework for future studies and practical applications in requirement elicitation from social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text examines some assumptions of global bioethics proposed by Van R. Potter considering the notions of "biological normativity" and "social normalization" developed by Georges Canguilhem's historical epistemology and Michel Foucault's analysis of disciplinary society. Far from being restricted to the analysis of ethical dilemmas and axiological principles applied to technical-scientific contexts in which the relational character of the subject is split off, global bioethics establishes a relationship with these contexts in the search for establishing a new type of human being and a renewed ontological understanding of the technological constitution of humanity. To achieve its objective, the text is divided into three moments. Initially, some central aspects of Potter's so-called global bioethics are outlined. Subsequently, the concept of biological normativity is analyzed from the perspective of Canguilhem's historical epistemology. Finally, the critical reading of social normalization by Foucault is characterized. The text concludes by pointing out some critical assumptions to which global bioethics could respond in a renewed attempt at re-foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines ways in which Indigenous teachers and students draw on diverse language repertoires while deciphering, writing, and translating texts in multilingual educational spaces. Recent normalization of orthographies tends to homogenize indigenous languages in Mexico, while silencing and excluding actual language repertoires, thus reproducing the colonial asymmetry that has privileged Spanish only in public domains. The authors draw on data from three multilingual settings to compare languaging practices surrounding work with texts. Analysis reveals the multivocality that surfaces in speech and offers insights into the power of orality to counter the dominance of standardized spellings and meanings. Attention to oral polysemy leads students and teachers to question the standardized versions and determine better ways to render in writing their own heterogeneous language repertoires for local use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to analyze the validity of human rights during digital activity, since new work relationships are likely to serve to undermine work achievements when rapacity prevails against individual and collective well-being. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature from the deductive rationalist approach. It identifies the consequent stress of the overexploitation of those who work together with the transfer of value when the activities are virtually legally unregulated. Therefore, it insists on the legislative appropriation of societies for the normalization of social practices for the benefit of the collective. The implementation of mechanisms that avoid work stress is demanded as strategies that give rise to the best conditions. It implies restraint and cultural responsibility as ethical provisions that allow correct situations, by repealing permissiveness for the production of fair coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyzes the contributions of gender theory for Latin American emancipation. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature from the rationalist-deductive approach. Patriarchal normalization equalizes social practices. Meanwhile, the heteronormative family disposition induces the repetition of psychic structures that favor the accumulation of capital. These transfers benefit colonialism as commercial exploitation of bodies. Meanwhile, gender theory allows coexistence to be thought of together; promotes the expression of human rights by consenting to plurality as a distinctive human condition. It legitimizes many feminine ways of being by providing for the validation of dissenting voices. It is woven with racial struggles every time it denounces violations of the condition of dignity. For this reason, it promotes democratic societies by allowing openings of thought and actions that allow horizontal models of human confluences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We appreciate the important academic discussions that our article (Kensbock, Alkærsig, and Lomberg, 2022) has initiated. Replying to the commentaries by Keyes and Shaman (2022) and Pierce and Rider (2022), we reiterate the goal and purpose of our research questions, including the use of a metaphor. We address theoretical arguments that a "normalization" or "matching" mechanism might account for our findings, and we present additional empirical evidence against these arguments. We address concerns about methodological decisions made and demonstrate that altering those decisions would have little or no effect on our findings and conclusions. In doing so, we reaffirm that the contagion mechanism that we proposed based on a large strand of prior research is the most likely one. Finally, we discuss how and why our study results can prevent (rather than increase) stigmatization of individuals with mental disorders. We encourage future scholarly and societal discussions to bring unhealthy organizations into focus and to develop interventions that prevent the accumulation of mental disorders in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implicit weighting in the normalization of aggregate variables generates distorted composite indices (CI). This distortion is associated with the uneven range of each distribution, the fact that the maximum and minimum values differ from one variable to another, and the asymmetry of each variable. Controlling implicit weighting is a pending issue. All normalization procedures reviewed in this research counteract the influence of implicit weighting only partially. The balanced standardization proposed in this study achieves the triple purpose of simultaneously matching the ranges between variables, matching the maximum and minimum between them, and controlling the asymmetry in each distribution. This new procedure neutralizes implicit weighting in the cross-sectional or longitudinal aggregation of variables. The variables of educational backwardness in Mexico illustrate this procedure. The methodological proposal of this research is applicable to any subject where space-time normalization is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego is the property of University of Lower Silesia / Dolnoslaska Szkola Wyzsza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social media has become an integral part of people's lives, resulting in a constant flow of information. However, a concerning trend has emerged with the rapid spread of fake news, attributed to the lack of verification mechanisms. Fake news has far-reaching consequences, influencing public opinion, disrupting democracy, fueling social tensions, and impacting various domains such as health, environment, and the economy. In order to identify fake news with data sparsity especially with low resources languages such as Arabic and its dialects, we propose a few-shot learning fake news detection model based on sentence transformer fine tuning, utilizing no crafted prompts and language model with few parameters. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can achieve higher performances with fewer news samples. This approach provided 71% F1 score on the Algerian dialect fake news dataset and 70% F1 score on the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) version of the same dataset, which prove that the approach can work on the standard Arabic and its dialects. Therefore, the proposed model can identify fake news in several domains concerning the Algerian community such as politics, COVID-19, tourism, ecommerce, sport, accidents and cars prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines.Methods: Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 - 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible.Results: Seventy-three studies (n = 66 cross-sectional; n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: individual (n = 15), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints.Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven individual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the individual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human personalities, characters, and habits are socially instructed and learned, traditionally from others, but also with others. Either way, social influence plays a fundamental role in human development , affecting individuals at any age and from any background. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, in the preoperational stage, the primary sources of such influence are parents, teachers, and siblings, and in subsequent stages, both peers and socially constructed knowledge gatekeepers (i.e., schools and newspapers) become increasingly important. In the preoperational stage, infants demonstrate animism, that is, they tend to assign life and feeling to nonliving things. Consequently, they can believe that “The Internet” is a real person and, being equally unable to differentiate between advertising and other media content, believe what “it” is telling them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the early 2000s, alcohol use among young people began to decline in many western countries, especially among adolescents (ages between 12–17 years old). These declines have continued steadily over the past two decades, against the backdrop of much smaller declines among the general population. Argument Hypotheses examining individual factors fail adequately to provide the necessary 'big picture' thinking needed to understand declines in adolescent drinking. We use the normalisation thesis to argue that there is strong international evidence for both processes of denormalisation of drinking and normalisation of non‐drinking occurring for adolescents in many western countries. Conclusions: Research on declining adolescent drinking provides evidence of both denormalisation of alcohol consumption and normalisation of non‐drinking. This has implications for enabling policy environments more amenable to regulation and increasing the acceptability of non‐drinking in social contexts. Normalisation theory (and its various interpretations) provides a useful multi‐dimensional tool for understanding declines in adolescent drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforms process in the erstwhile FATA region is a work in progress that goes with a very slow pace. Successive Pakistani regimes have attempted different reform packages and development strategies but it did not substantially transform the region and its governance issues continued. There are some serious challenging factors that have been blocking the road to its reforms and normalization. The Afghan factor is one among these hindering factors. This study seeks to discuss the Afghan factor as a major barricade to the FATA region reforms and development. Afghanistan is an unstable stable state and FATA shares a long border with her. Due to geographical proximity with Afghanistan, the region has consistently been remained in a perpetual state of crises and conflicts and its development has always taken a back seat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Story Makers Press (SMP) is a University-based publisher which co-constructs stories with under-represented groups of children in order to diversify representation in children's literature and disrupt the way adult perceptions of normality pattern children's literature (aetonormativity). In this paper we analyse six drama and creative writing workshops run by SMP with Czech and Slovak Roma children from an inner city primary school in the north of England to co-construct a story about climate change. Our analysis identifies how in developing the story, the children were often reluctant to draw upon their funds of knowledge relating to their Roma backgrounds, instead Westernising their protagonists and settings. We also explore how the children disrupt aetonormativity by interweaving magical elements into realistic narrative about climate change in order to establish a genre of magical realism. Finally, we identify how this genre of magical realism is problematic when considering stereotypical depictions of Roma characters in children's literature and how changes were made to our story in light of a critical race theory reading of the first draft. As well as helping SMP to refine its processes, this analysis suggests that minority groups such as Roma need to be able to draw upon more literary representations of Roma in order to shape their creative outputs and that the curriculum needs to focus on developing children's critical responses to the representation of minority ethnic groups in children's literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reciprocal journalism is a daily practice for American journalists. Previous studies show it benefits journalists, newsrooms, and audiences (e.g. Coddington, Lewis & Holton, 2018). Conversely, journalists also experience harassment when interacting with audiences online, causing them to view audiences less favorably (Lewis, Zamith, & Coddington, 2020). Through in-depth interviews with 24 professional and former journalists, this study finds journalists experience cognitive dissonance after experiencing harassment during reciprocal journalism, but they are not likely to stop the practice due to organizational and individual benefits perceived as greater than the negatives. The study finds journalists feel personally responsible for resolving dissonance and often use unhealthy resolution techniques like normalization, victim blaming, or perspective-taking to deal with online abuse. The end result could mean dangerous consequences for individuals and the industry long-term. Results suggest a cultural shift in the industry would be necessary to significantly ease dissonant cognitions among individual journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper questions the dominance of market-based mechanisms (MBMs) as the primary means of climate change mitigation. It argues that, not only they are unsuccessful on their own terms, but also they actually make the task more difficult by the unintended consequence of normalising the act of polluting and crowding out alternatives. The theoretical contribution of the paper is to draw a link between two bodies of literature. The first is the business ethics literature on the dominance of market-based rather than direct regulation, and the second is the literature on market ethics, particularly the work of Michael Sandel on how MBMs crowd out non-market norms. The empirical contribution is to use the international maritime transport sector to illustrate the way market-based regulation renders alternatives such as direct regulation and supply-side approaches invisible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the care politics of El-Nadeem Center for the Psychological Treatment and Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence and Torture, an organization established in Cairo in 1993 by leftist politically active psychiatrists, largely women. It shows what it looks like to provide care when violence, especially torture, is immanent. El-Nadeem's practitioners quickly learned from their clients that healing often required public interventions on a client's behalf and not simply individual psychological treatment. Radical care politics is central to El-Nadeem's work and developed dialectically over decades in response to client needs and sociopolitical conditions in the Egyptian, African, and Arab contexts in which it works. The article discusses El-Nadeem's establishment and evolution, including its expansive understanding of violence and trauma; its nonabstract orientation to embodiment in its therapeutic practices and understanding of psychic, somatic, and social health as closely connected; how its treatment protocols approach the temporalities of trauma; and its public activism, which challenges the paradoxical coexistence of social normalization and disavowal of violence. The article is based on analysis of interviews I conducted in 2014 with El-Nadeem psychiatrists, organizational publications, and a 2003 Arabic-language feminist psychological handbook, The Psyche Ails and the Body Suffers , authored by one of El-Nadeem's founders. It shows that historical context and material conditions shape the forms of suffering and care politics, although context and conditions are often either evacuated or superficially addressed in feminist concepts produced in the Anglophone imperialist core. The article invites more consideration of how vulnerabilities and suffering that require care are created by extractive and repressive systems at multiple scales, including capitalism and imperialism, and more critical focus on these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação Matemática Pesquisa is the property of Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Programa de Estudos Pos-Grad. em Educacao Matematica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper explores the interplay of offence, (de)normalization and moral conflict triggered by media racism. The paper is premised on the assumption that public interventions to moral transgressions occasion moral conflicts in which transgressions can be (de)normalized through impoliteness, more specifically the acts of offence taking and causing. A YouTube video discussing the racist media coverage of the Ukrainian refugee crisis was analyzed along with a sizable amount of related user-generated comments. The analysis showed that offence taking and offence causing have morally restorative and (de)normalizing functions in moral conflict. This highlights the fact that the relationship between morality and impoliteness is much more complex than is usually theorized, wherein impoliteness is often perceived as a morally norm-disruptive behavior or a negatively valenced evaluation thereof. Not only can impoliteness be morally justified in moral conflicts, it can also be a necessary form of restorative public intervention. This necessitates greater attention to (de)normalization in (im)politeness theorizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines that risk frontiers normalized the Insurance Council of New Zealand (ICNZ's) Disaster List. Topics include considered that normalization is the process of estimating the costs to the insurance sector of historic events if they were to occur now under current societal conditions and normalization is necessary to draw conclusions about trends in the cost of natural disasters and the impact of climate change.

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to analyse the identities of a mother and her biopedagogical practices regarding physical activity as well as healthy eating. Method: The participant of the study was a mother of two children who immigrated to Aotearoa/New Zealand from Indonesia. We collected the small story through open-ended interviews, fieldnotes, and online chats. We approached the narrative data with positioning analysis to examine the participant's identities in the story. More specifically, three positioning levels recommended by Bamberg and Georgakopoulou (2008) framed our analytical work. Results: Results showed three positioning levels as well as thematic aspects surrounding the narrator's positioning. Positioning level 1 described the narrator's identities as she located herself in relation to the social networks within the told story including her children, husband, and relatives. This positioning level also culminated in a description of her familial context. On level 2, the analysis focused on her positioning and identity construction as she interacted with the researchers. The theme generated from this particular positioning level included the informal pedagogical practices for healthy living which included microtechniques of surveillance, normalisation, and regulation. The last positioning level was the narrator's positioning to establish herself regarding the master narrative, especially dominant obesity discourse. Conclusion: In short, the analysis of small stories has helped the construction of identities within the shared story as well as the thematic description surrounding each positioning level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mahatma Gandhi's 1938 statement that 'Palestine belongs to the Arabs' has not lost its relevance even after India reversed its four-decade-old policy of recognition-without-relations and normalised relations with Israel in January 1992. Critics see growing Indo-Israeli relations as an abandonment of Gandhian values while supporters use the 1938 statement to reiterate India's continued support for the Palestinians. 'Palestine belongs to the Arabs in the same sense that England belongs to the English or France to the French!'(Gandhi, 'The Jews'). This November 1938 remark by Mahatma Gandhi has been the most widely quoted statement on India's foreign policy. It is impossible to identify any writing – Indian or foreign – on India's approach towards the Jews, Israel, or the broader Middle East without this. Interestingly, Gandhi's observation can be noticed in prominent writings both before and after India normalised relations with Israel in January 1992. Despite the changed circumstances, the continued flagging of Gandhi to explain India's policy towards Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict raises an important question: why to cite Gandhi's pro-Arab statement when Indo-Israeli relations have been blossoming remarkably? Has normalisation changed India's understanding and approach towards Gandhi's views? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a survey of writing by the Roma in former Czechoslovakia and current Czech Republic over a span of six decades. It traces the beginnings of Romani literature in two Romani journals published by the Union of Gypsies-Roma between 1969 and 1973, reveals some covert centres of activity in the relative silence of the Normalization years of the 1970s and 1980s, and highlights the milestones of development following the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Bringing developments up to present day, the essay shows the Czech Romani literary field as vibrant and ambitious and full of promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how international advocacy campaigns approach and define media freedom, and what influences this process. It does this through a two-year case study of the Media Freedom Coalition—an intergovernmental partnership of over 50 countries—that included 55 interviews with key stakeholders, observations, and document analysis. This revelatory case sheds light on how norms of media freedom are constructed and contested on the international stage, and their implications for journalists, media freedom and geo-politics. We show that the Coalition adopted a state-centric, accountability-focused, and negative understanding of media freedom. This discourse legitimized a narrow, reactive, and "resource-light" approach to supporting media freedom, focused on "other" countries. We argue that critical norm research provides a helpful prism for understanding this Coalition's operations, and the global politics of media freedom more generally. These findings have important implications for understandings of "norm entrepreneurship," "media imperialism," and "media freedom" itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an overview of the history of US--Vietnam trade relations, focusing on the most contentious issue, Vietnam's trade surplus with the United States. Since the normalization of bilateral relations in 1995, trade has become the fastest- growing and most critical aspect of the relationship. The article explains how Vietnam became a major supplier of goods to the United States, while many US companies gained a foothold in Vietnam's market. However, Vietnam's growing trade surplus with the United States is a cause for concern. The article examines the reasons for this surplus, including the compatibility between each country's trade structure and Vietnam's export- led growth model, and explores the potential impact of a protectionist turn in US international trade policy. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of US--Vietnam trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1998 Howard Parker, Judith Aldridge & Fiona Measham published Illegal Leisure, a ground‐breaking study of profound changes in British youth cultures in the 1990s, and the place of drugs and drug use in these upheavals. This work introduced the 'normalization thesis' to the social sciences, offering a novel vocabulary for re‐imagining the normative character of young people's attitudes towards and experiences of illicit drug use. Arriving at the dawn of the new century, the book offered a thoroughgoing re‐thinking of the character of youth cultures at a time of great social, cultural, economic and technological disruption. In so doing, the book deftly anticipated many of the most interesting currents of critical drug studies that followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a reflection on the progress and discussion trends of the history of the Colombian philosophical tradition and its historiographic presuppositions, and aims to contribute to the debate about the relevance of thinking about national philosophical traditions in the twenty-first century. Based on the valuation categories of the different intellectual products, it can be determined whether or not they are part of the national philosophical tradition. The concept of "philosophical normalization" is analyzed as an interpretative category of the Colombian tradition and, given its implications, its obsolescence is suggested with the aim of overcoming the reductionism, exclusion, and bias entailed by it. This article vindicates the nineteenth century attempts at social analysis and regional philosophical productions with the aim of contributing to a decolonial, broad, and unbiased reconstruction of the history of the Colombian philosophical tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1994 Agreed Framework called for North Korea to dismantle its plutonium-production complex in exchange for civilian light water reactors (LWRs) and the promise of political normalization with the United States. The accord succeeded at rolling back North Korea's nuclear program, but the regime secretly began enriching uranium when the LWR project fell behind schedule. Today, scholars look back at the Agreed Framework as a U.S. offer of "carrots" to bribe the regime, but this framing overlooks the credibility challenges of normalization and the distinctive technical challenges of building LWRs in North Korea. A combiniation of political and technical analysis reveals how the LWR project helped build credibility for the political changes promised in the Agreed Framework. Under this interpretation, the LWR project created a platform for important breakthroughs in U.S.-North Korean engagement by signaling a U.S. commitment to normalization, but its signaling function was undercut when the United States displaced the costs of LWR construction to its allies. The real challenge of proliferation crisis diplomacy is not to bribe or coerce target states into giving up nuclear weapons, but to credibly signal a U.S. commitment to the long-term political changes needed to make denuclearization possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]