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Relevance. Antibacterial drugs are widely used to treat and prevent infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The large-scale and unjustified use of antimicrobials to treat these infections has led to the emergence of resistance in most pathogens. The aim. To study antimicrobial susceptibility testing to erythromycin and azithromycin of strains of B. pertussis isolated in Russia. Materials & Methods. The research included 165 strains of B. pertussis isolated in January 2014 to June 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility to erythromycin and azithromycin was determined by disk diffusion method and MIC test (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Limited, India). The A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was detected by PCR and subsequent sequencing. Results. Disk diffusion zone diameters for erythromycin in the studied strains ranged from 25 to 62 mm (median 44 mm) and disk diffusion zone diameters for azithromycin ranged from 22 to 80 mm (median 50 mm). Isolates with growth inhibition of more than 42 mm in diameter after 7 days of incubation were considered as susceptible. Among the studied strains, 57 (34.5%) were resistant to erythromycin and 23 (13.9%) to azithromycin. Then, MIC of erythromycin and MIC of azithromycin, respectively, were determined for these 57 and 23 strains using the MIC test. The comparison group included 79 isolates that were classified as sensitive to erythromycin (n = 31) and azithromycin (n=48) according to the results of the previous study. A MIC value of 0.12 μg/ml was considered as the cut-off for susceptible strains. All isolates were fully susceptible to erythromycin (MIC ≤ 0.01 μg/ml, median MIC 0.001 μg/ml) and azithromycin (MIC ≤ 0.01 μg/ml, median MIC 0.0001 μg/ml). An A-to-G mutation was not found at position 2047 in the 23S rRNA gene in 80 isolates that had a diameter of growth inhibition zone less than 42 mm. Conclusion. This study demonstrates no significant decrease in the susceptibility to erythromycin and azithromycin among B. pertussis strains isolated in Russia in 2014–2020. The studied B. pertussis strains exhibit a homozygous phenotype for macrolide resistance.

Objective: to assess the epidemic situation of echinococcosis in the period 2012–2022 in the endemic territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and South of Russia.Materials and methods: based on the data of the annual statistical reporting forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases", data from the Reference Center for Monitoring Larval Helminthiasis of Rostov Research Institute Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor, an analysis of the incidence of echinococcosis in the territories of the Far East and South of Russia in the period 2012–2022 was carried out. For seroepidemiological examination of a conditionally healthy population by the ELISA method, the diagnostic kit "Echinococcus-IgG-ELISA-BEST" (JSC "Vector-Best", Novosibirsk) was used.Results: it is shown that the epidemiological situation of echinococcosis is characterized by pronounced territorial unevenness. In the south of Russia, epidemiological problems with echinococcosis persisted in Kalmykia (0.74–2.19 cases per 100,000 population) and in the Astrakhan region (0.60–1.48 cases per 100,000 population). Among the relatively healthy population, the average seropositivity to E.granulosus antigens in the Far East was 5.8%, in the south of Russia — 2,6%. Conclusions: the data obtained indicate an unfavorable epidemiological situation for echinococcosis in a number of regions of the Far East and South of Russia.

The article examines the subject code of the Russian spell tradition using the example of a group of ritual objects of wood origin. This group has received insufficient attention in research, as evidenced by a brief review of the literature. The material for the analysis is the main publications of Russian conspiracies, as well as field materials recorded by the author in the period from 2003 to 2023 in the Omsk Irtysh region. The purpose of this work is to determine the semantic field of a group of wood objects in Russian spells, as well as to identify the relationship between a ritual object and its verbal and symbolic embodiment. The main method of research – historical-typological – allows us to draw typological parallels in order to clarify the boundaries of the semantic field, which includes ritual objects of the group being studied. The article also implements complex and cross-genre approaches. The analysis showed the widespread use of ritual objects of wooden origin in the Russian charm tradition. Objects are included in the text of the conspiracy as independent images and can be used relatively independently of the verbal component of the conspiracy. The semantics of the ritual object is in accordance with the functional and thematic orientation of the spell and is determined by its content. An examination of two objects – a bitch and a sliver – revealed an expansion of their functions and semantic field in in Russian spells of Siberian. This conclusion determines the direction of further research into spells paraphernalia in the aspect of the mutual influence of aboriginal and settler traditions.

The effect of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on the expression of genes, methylation of their promoters, and enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)–dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) complex was studied in maize (Zea mays L.). GDH activity increased continuously under salt stress, being 3-fold higher after 24 h. This was accompanied by the appearance of a second isoform with lower electrophoretic mobility. The expression of the Gdh1 gene strongly increased after 6–12 h of incubation, which corresponded to the demethylation of its promoter, while Gdh2 gene expression slightly increased after 2–6 h and then decreased. GAD activity gradually increased in the first 12 h, and then returned to the control level. This corresponded to the increase of Gad expression and its demethylation. Salt stress led to a 2-fold increase in the activity of 2-OGDH during the first 6 h of NaCl treatment, then the activity returned to the control level. Expression of the genes Ogdh1 and Ogdh3 peaked after 1–2 h of incubation. After 6–8 h with NaCl, the expression of these genes declined below the control levels, which correlated with the higher methylation of their promoters. We conclude that salt stress causes a redirection of the 2-OG flux to the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt via its amination to glutamate, by altering the expression of the Gdh1 and Gdh2 genes, which likely promotes the assembly of the native GDH molecule having a different subunit composition and greater affinity for 2-OG.

The purpose of the article was to consider the possibilities of a modern school in the prevention of risky behavior of adolescents. The focus of the research seems relevant due to the fact that the scientific solution meets the urgent needs of the practice of organizing these activities and fills a certain gap in modern research in overcoming risky behaviors of the younger generation. Methods of comparative analysis of psychological and pedagogical scientific sources were used in the preparation of the material, theoretical analysis of monographic and dissertation materials, documentation on the problems of research using generalization, comparison, systematization and modeling was carried out. The article considers a possible field of prevention of risky behavior at school, which lies at the intersection of three components of the environment of an educational organization. These include motivational-value (formation of factors that stimulate subjects of prevention to obtain a predictable positive result), social-subjective (formation of factors that contribute to the formation and development of subjectivity of adolescents in academic, extracurricular, extracurricular work, additional education, self-government, amateur activity), actualization – creative (formation of factors of creative realization of a teenager, aimed at on the formation of the ability to constructive risk) components. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that it is possible to achieve the predicted result of prevention of risky behavior of adolescents using the capabilities of a modern school resulting from the creation and replenishment of its components.

Indicators that reflect the transition from unemployment to employment are an important element of the monitoring systems of employment services in EU countries. Monitoring employment trends is a complex task that usually goes beyond quantitative parameters. The correct application and interpretation of the indicators is inseparable from contextual phenomena, and the use of comparative analyses at different scales, e.g. time, territory, makes it possible to increase the informativeness of this indicator. The aim of the paper is to identify, on the basis of the available data, the trends in the transition from unemployed to employment at the national and territorial level, and to forecast possible shirt-term development scenarios for the selected jobplacement indicators. The methodological part of the paper assesses the links between unemployment trends and jobplacement indicators. The methodological approach to the assessment of differentiation of jobplacement indices are described there. On the basis of the data from the customer service units of the national Employment Service, an analysis of the spatial distribution of the transition of the registered unemployed to employment was conducted. The forecast of the indicators was based on short-term historical data from the customer service units and economic context variables. In the face of relatively unfavourable forecasts for the EU economic situation, the paper presents the assumptions for changes in the situation on the Lithuanian labour market in the short term.

At present, there is a tendency towards an increase in emotional problems everywhere, this especially affects the working-age population – relationships in a team, professional work process – all this leads to the development of production-related stress. Health care workers are at the forefront of risk of developing stress reactions and its consequences. This is most pronounced in the specialties providing emergency medical care, among employees of ambulance teams and departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation.The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the psychophysiological state of emergency medical staff and departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation.Materials and methods. The study involved 67 people – employees of ambulance teams and resuscitation and intensive care units in Saratov. To obtain the necessary data, all participants filled out questionnaires – the PSM-25 psychological stress scale, the HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the symptomatic questionnaire by A. Volkova and N. Vodopyanova.Results. When questioned using the PSM-25 scale, which assesses mental tension, it was found that more than half of the respondents have a high level of stress, while the indicator of mental tension among ambulance workers is statistically significantly higher than among employees of intensive care units and intensive care units. An analysis of the HADS ques tionnaire showed that the vast majority of respondents, both in ambulance teams and in intensive care units, have a high level of anxiety and depression. In the study using the symptomatic questionnaire A. Volkova and N. Vodopyanova noted a high predisposition to the development of pathological stress reactions in most of the respondents.Conclusion. Doctors in the specialties we study are characterized by long-term chronic stress, which can lead to the development of anxiety, depression, and pathological stress reactions. To avoid the occurrence of the conditions described above, it is important to adjust the work schedule of employees in time, to observe occupational and rest hygiene.

Introduction. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an acute highly contagious infection associated with two genotypes of pathogenic Lagovirus. Antibodies to major capsid protein (Vp60) are protective. The aim of the work ‒ is an evaluation of antigenic and immunogenic activity of virus-like particles (VLPs) based on recombinant major capsid proteins of both genotypes of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (recVP60-GI1 and recVP60-GI2). Materials and methods. Baculovirus-expressed VLPs were evaluated using electron microscopy and administered to clinically healthy 1.53 month old rabbits in a dose of 50 g. Rabbits were challenged with 103 LD50 of virulent strains Voronezhsky-87 and Tula 21 days post immunization. Serum samples were tested for the presence of RHDV-specific antibodies. Results. VLPs with hemagglutination activity forming VLP 3040 nm in size were obtained in Hi-5 cell culture. Specific antibody titers in rabbits measured by ELISA were 1 : 200 to 1 : 800 on 21th day post immunization with VLPs. Immunogenic activity of recVP60-GI1 VLPs was 90 and 40%, while it was 30 and 100% for recVP60-GI2 VLPs after the challenge with RHDV genotypes 1 and 2 respectively. The immunogenicity of two VLPs in mixture reached 100%. Discussion. VLPs possess hemagglutinating, antigenic and immunogenic activity, suggesting their use as components in substances designed for RHDV specific prophylaxis in rabbits. Results of the control challenge experiment demonstrated the need to include the antigens from both RHDV genotypes in the vaccine. Conclusion. Recombinant proteins recVP60-GI1 and recVP60-GI2 form VLPs that possess hemagglutinating an antigenic activity, and provide 90100% level of protection for animals challenged with RHDV GI1 and GI2 virulent strains.

The effect of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on the expression of genes, methylation of their promoters, and enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)–dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) complex was studied in maize (Zea mays L.). GDH activity increased continuously under salt stress, being 3-fold higher after 24 h. This was accompanied by the appearance of a second isoform with lower electrophoretic mobility. The expression of the Gdh1 gene strongly increased after 6–12 h of incubation, which corresponded to the demethylation of its promoter, while Gdh2 gene expression slightly increased after 2–6 h and then decreased. GAD activity gradually increased in the first 12 h, and then returned to the control level. This corresponded to the increase of Gad expression and its demethylation. Salt stress led to a 2-fold increase in the activity of 2-OGDH during the first 6 h of NaCl treatment, then the activity returned to the control level. Expression of the genes Ogdh1 and Ogdh3 peaked after 1–2 h of incubation. After 6–8 h with NaCl, the expression of these genes declined below the control levels, which correlated with the higher methylation of their promoters. We conclude that salt stress causes a redirection of the 2-OG flux to the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt via its amination to glutamate, by altering the expression of the Gdh1 and Gdh2 genes, which likely promotes the assembly of the native GDH molecule having a different subunit composition and greater affinity for 2-OG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have explored the learning opportunities different audiovisual genres may create for vocabulary learning. Even fewer have looked at how learners' viewing experience is affected by individual differences (IDs) in vocabulary size, attention, inhibition, or working memory. Such IDs have been shown to mediate early and long-term vocabulary learning (Gass, Winke, Isbell, & Ahn, 2019; Kam, Liu, & Tseng, 2020; Peters & Webb, 2018). This exploratory study seeks to analyze how vocabulary is acquired under different genres and how this process may be influenced by the IDs mentioned above. Forty-one students of English as a foreign language (EFL) participated in an experiment involving the viewing of four TV genres (sitcom, police procedural, animal documentary, and edutainment). Meaning recognition task was applied at the pretest and posttest, and form recognition at the posttest only. Prior to viewing, students took four cognitive tests related to vocabulary size, attention control, inhibition, and working memory. Results suggest vocabulary size had the largest impact on the participants' performance at pretest and posttest, although its relative weight varied across genres. A nonsignificant or much lesser role was played by working memory, attention, and inhibition. Results are discussed regarding what genre might create the most beneficial conditions for vocabulary learning and how IDs influence such learning.

The paper is devoted to the task of searching for mentions of green practices in social media texts. The relevance of this task is dictated by the need to expand existing knowledge about the use of green practices in society and the spread of existing green practices. This paper uses a text corpus consisting of the texts published on the environmental communities of the VKontakte social network. The corpus is equipped with an expert markup of the mention of nine types of green practices. As part of this work, a semi-automatic approach is proposed to the collection of additional texts to reduce the class imbalance in the corpus. The approach includes the following steps: detecting the most frequent words for each practice type; automatic collecting texts in social media that contain the detected frequent words; expert verification and filtering of collected texts. The four machine learning models are compared to find the mentions of green practices on the two variants of the corpus: original and augmented using the proposed approach. Among the listed models, the highest averaged F1-score (81.32%) was achieved by Conversational RuBERT fine-tuned on the augmented corpus. Conversational RuBERT model was chosen for the implementation of the application prototype. The main function of the prototype is to detect the presence of the mention of nine types of green practices in the text. The prototype is implemented in the form of the Telegram chatbot.

Introduction. Treatment of patients with brain metastases is an important problem that should be considered in the framework of combination approach. Introduction of new techniques of drug therapy as well as radiotherapy and neurosurgical treatment allows to significantly increase patient survival. Effective drug therapy and local control of brain metastases are of utmost importance in prediction of overall survival and patient quality of life.Aim. To investigate the prognostic factors for overall survival and intracranial progression (local recurrences, distant metastases) in patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 114 patients with metastatic brain lesions due to renal cancer who underwent neurosurgical resection (NSR) at the N. N. Blokhin National medical Research Center of Oncology was performed. Clinical data of 102 (89.5 %) of 114 patients for whom data on survival was available were evaluated. Among them, 80 (78.4 %) of patients died, 22 (21.5 %) are under observation. Extracranial disease status at the time of NSR was known in 82 (71.9 %) patients: 45 (54.8 %) patients had extracranial metastases, and 37 (45.1 %) did not. Total resection of brain metastases with perifocal and perivascular zones was performed in 92 (90.1 %) patients; in other cases, fragmental lesion resection was performed.Results. median overall survival after NSR was 13.8 months (95 % confidence interval 10.3–18.6). per study data, factors affecting overall survival of patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection were presence / absence of extracranial metastases and patient’s functional status. Local recurrences in the postoperative cavity after NSR were observed in 24 (21 %) of 114 patients. median time of local recurrence was not achieved. Statistically significant factor of high risk of recurrence in the postoperative cavity was presence of lesions with maximal diameter ≥2 cm. Development of new (distant) metastases was observed in 31 (27.2 %) of 114 patients. median survival without distant metastases in patients with brain metastases after NSR was not achieved. frequencies of distant metastases at 6, 12 and 24 months were 15.5; 24.1 and 35.8 % respectively. per multifactor analysis, factors affecting development of distant metastases in the brain after NSR are multiple metastatic brain lesions and presence of extracranial metastases.Conclusion. Neurosurgical resection in patients with cerebral metastases of renal cancer in the total group leads to median overall survival of 13.8 months. predictors of better overall survival are absence of extracranial metastases and high functional status.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is 40 to 65%. Improvement of cognitive-oriented therapy and search for its new techniques is considered to be promising for slowing the progression or for recovery of cognitive functions. It is related to low efficacy of medical treatment, preserved neuroplasticity in most patients with multiple sclerosis, positive results of studies on selected cognitive rehabilitation techniques in other nervous system disorders. The spectrum of techniques for cognitive training varies from technically feasible methods using a sheet of paper and a pen to the most advanced ones, such as the use of immersive virtual reality. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis with virtual reality technologies has not been studied in large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies.

This study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of cytological diagnostics of endocervical adenocarcinomas. We compared conventional liquid-based cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. A total of 25 endocervical adenocarcinomas, including endocervical adenocarcinomas in situ, were diagnosed using cytological methods over a year. Liquid-based cytology ensured better detection of glandular differentiation signs than conventional cytology. After molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), we performed retrospective analysis of cytological characteristics of all endocervical adenocarcinomas (n = 15).We identified specific cellular characteristics of HPV-associated typical and mucinous adenocarcinomas. We also observed 1 case of non-HPV-related clear-cell and 1 case of non-HPV-related mesonephral adenocarcinoma.Our findings suggest that endocervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Endocervical adenocarcinomas accounted for 10.7 % of all primary cervical carcinomas (n = 214). Eighty percent of all endocervical adenocarcinomas were HPV-related, whereas the remaining 20 % were HPV-negative. We found no cytological differences between invasive endocervical adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas in situ.Mutations detected in some of the patients are an important diagnostic criterion that specifies whether the tumor is rare.

While the population is ageing fast in Lithuania the possible ways of adaptation of older people in labour market should be analysed thoroughly. A small private company operating in the sector of electric installation was selected as a case. Analysis was aimed to reveal the main sector-specific enterprise-level factors for participation in labour market after the official retirement age. Paper presents both employee’s and employer’s perspectives on sustainable employment. The case study presents the experience of the 72 years old electrician and the employer’s undertakings to encourage older workers to continue their careers. The data from the micro-level are analysed within the socio-economic context of the country. The case study shows that a long career is probable when both the business and the employees benefit from it, and the employee’s health condition is satisfying. From the employer’s perspective, the benefits derived from the employment of the high-skilled, experienced, and reliable workers; and from the older employee’s perspective, such aspects as self-realisation and favourable conditions at the workplace have a great value.

Background. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a person’s perception of the effect of a disease on physical, social and psychological functioning and wealth. Questionnaires that help assess the HRQL can give a concept of child’s state, identify arcane issues and they are of great importance for a full understanding of how the state of health affects the child. Universal HRQL tools allow to compare results with general parameters, indicators with specific symptoms better reflect clinically significant moments. The most widespread in the Russian Federation was the general PedsQLTM 4.0 questionnaire, widely used in practice to assess HRQL in children with various pathologies. Objective.The aim of the study is to describe the analysis of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content of the Russian version of the module of gastrointestinal symptoms of the PedsQLTM questionnaire, measuring HRQL, in children with gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs).Materials and methods. The establishment of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content was carried out according to international standards. The process included forward translation, scientific assessment and coordination, reverse translation, verification of the reverse translation and interviews with 17 children aged 5–18 years with symptoms of GIDs and 20 parents of children with symptoms of GIDs aged 2–18 years.Results. The Russian version of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms (report from children 5-18 years old, report from parents for children 2–18 years old) was developed without significant difficulties. Eight questions required discussion after the forward translation, one change was made after the reverse translation, and three changes were made after the study of the symptom’s module by patients and parents.Conclusion. A conceptually equivalent version of the of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms in Russian has been developed for children aged 2–18 years. It allows to improve the assessment of HRQL in children with GIDs in the Russian Federation. To assess authenticity and reliability of the Russian version of the module, it’s recommended to conduct further research using a larger sample

The degradation of polylactide (PLA) films of different structures under conditions of controlled composting has been studied. We have demonstrated that PLA underwent degradation within one month in a substrate that simulated standard industrial composting. Regardless of the initial structure of the samples, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) decreased to 4 kDa while the degree of crystallinity increased to about 70% after 21 days of composting. Addition of an inoculant to the standard substrate resulted in the accelerated degradation of the PLA samples for one week due to an abiotic hydrolysis. These findings have confirmed that industrial composting could solve the problem of plastic disposal at least for PLA.