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131 results on '"Morgan, D. J. W."'

1. Innate and Learned Cues: Scale Cover Selection by Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Author: Morgan, D. J. W. and Hare, J. D.
Published: 1998
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2. Uncoupling physical and chemical cues: The independent roles of scale cover size and kairomone concentration on host selection byAphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Author: Morgan, D. J. W. and Hare, J. D.
Published: 1997
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3. The resolution of Californian populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) using PCR

Author: MORGAN, D. J. W., REITZ, S. R., ATKINSON, P. W., and TRUMBLE, J. T.
Published: 2000

4. Competition betweenGonatocerus ashmeadiandG. triguttatusfor glassy winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) egg masses

Author: Irvin, N. A., primary, Hoddle, M. S., additional, and Morgan, D. J. W., additional
Published: 2006
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5. Impact of a Screen Barrier on Dispersion Behavior of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Author: Blua, M. J., primary, Campbell, K., additional, Morgan, D. J. W., additional, and Redak, R. A., additional
Published: 2005
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6. Seasonal Flight Activity of Two Homalodisca Species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) That Spread Xylella fastidiosa in Southern California

Author: Blua, M. J., primary, Redak, R. A., additional, Morgan, D. J. W., additional, and Costa, H. S., additional
Published: 2001
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7. Competition between Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus for glassy winged sharpshooter ( Homalodisca coagulata ) egg masses.

Author: Irvin, N. A., Hoddle, M. S., and Morgan, D. J. W.
Subjects: BIOLOGICAL control of insects, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, PARASITOIDS, PARASITES, INSECT eggs, PARASITISM, BEHAVIOR, SPECIES, EXPERIMENTAL design
Abstract: The introduction of a biological control agent can have significant effects on natural enemies that use the same host. Interspecific competition between natural enemies can impact the efficacy of control and, consequently, is the subject of increasing research scrutiny. Three experimental approaches were used to evaluate competitive outcomes between Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus parasitizing Homalodisca coagulata egg masses in the laboratory. (1) When both species were introduced to high densities of host eggs 1, 3 and 5 days of age, mean percentage offspring was significantly higher for G. ashmeadi offspring (23.2% greater than G. triguttatus ). (2) When a female parasitoid of each species was offered a single egg mass, offspring production was statistically similar for the two species. Gonatocerus triguttatus showed aggressive behavior, although this only accounted for 0.8% of the female's total foraging time and did not lead to proportionately higher offspring production. (3) Regardless of order, more G. triguttatus offspring (up to 96%) emerged than G. ashmeadi offspring when one female was introduced sequentially to one egg mass. The relative success in offspring production was affected primarily by the sequence in which the parasitoids were introduced, and to a lesser extent by the interval between successive parasitoid introductions, and the age of the egg mass. These results illustrate the importance of experimental design in the assessment of competitive superiority between two species of parasitoids. Improper experimental design can lead to contradictory outcomes in laboratory-based competition studies due to the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic competitive behavior. Biological control practitioners need to be aware of the complexity of competitive behavior when designing pre-introduction laboratory tests to determine a priori which natural enemy from several candidate species is likely to be the most effective agent at controlling the target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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8. Dispersion of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a Vector of Xylella fastidiosa, into Vineyards in Southern California.

Author: Blua, M. J. and Morgan, D. J. W.
Subjects: EPIDEMICS, DISEASES, GRAPES, VINEYARDS
Abstract: Recent epidemics of Pierce's disease of grapevine in California vectored by Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an invasive vector species, have characteristics that differ from epidemics involving native vectors. Among these differences are the longer distances and greater speed that the disease is spread by H. coagulata. In this investigation, we used yellow sticky traps to study the seasonal dispersion activity of H. coagulata in a southern California grape-growing area in which an epidemic of Pierce's disease has caused large losses. For 21 mo, we monitored adult H. coagulata at the edges of vineyards bordering citrus, an important crop host, natural coastal sage scrub vegetation, and natural riparian vegetation. We also monitored H. coagulata dispersion from 0 to 40 m into vineyards. Finally, we examined the vertical dispersion of H. coagulata adults into grapevines through a season. This investigation showed that H. coagulata is associated with citrus, from where it disperses deep into vineyards, and not just the vineyard edge as with Pierce's disease vectors that are native to California. Peak dispersion into vineyards occurred in the summer. Another period of H. coagulata activity occurred in the winter in vineyards bordering citrus. Through the period of peak flight activity, 97% of all H. coagulata adults trapped between 1 and 7 m were caught at an altitude of 5 m or lower, suggesting the potential of a barrier as a management tactic to keep H. coagulata out of vineyards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2003
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9. Extremely precise sex ratios in small clutches of a bethylid wasp

Author: Cook, J. M. and Morgan, D. J. W.
Subjects: *INSECT behavior, *REPRODUCTION, *WASPS
Published: 1994

10. Peruvian origin and global invasions of five continents by the highly damaging agricultural pest Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae).

Author: Scheffer, Sonja J., Lewis, Matthew L., Mujica, Norma, MacVean, Charles, Blanco‐Metzler, Helga, Joshi, Ravindra C., and Jacobsen, Frode
Subjects: BIOLOGICAL evolution, HARBORS, GENETIC variation, CYTOCHROME oxidase, AGROMYZIDAE
Abstract: Identification of the geographic origin of invasive species can be critical to effective management and amelioration of negative impacts in the introduced range. Liriomyza huidobrensis is a polyphagous leafmining fly that is a devastating pest of many vegetable and floriculture crops around the world. Considered native to South and possibly Central America, L. huidobrensis became invasive in the 1980s and has since spread to at least 30 countries on five continents. We used phylogeographic analysis of over 2 kb of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II sequence data from 403 field‐collected specimens from both native and introduced populations to investigate the geographic origins of invasive L. huidobrensis worldwide. Within South America, there was substantial genetic variation, as well as the strong phylogeographic structure typical of a native range. In contrast, leafminers from the introduced range and Central America all contained little genetic variation and shared the same small set of haplotypes. These haplotypes trace to Peru as the ultimate geographic origin of invasive populations. Central America is rejected as part of the original geographic range of L. huidobrensis. Within Peru, the primary export region of Lima shared an extremely similar pattern of reduced haplotype variation to the invasive populations. An additional 18 specimens collected at US ports of entry did not share the same haplotype profile as contemporary invasive populations, raising perplexing questions on global pathways and establishment success in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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11. Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada.

Author: Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Di Serio, Francesco, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A., Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent Civera, Antonio, Yuen, Jonathan, Zappalà, Lucia, and Battisti, Andrea
Subjects: HEALTH risk assessment, XYLELLA fastidiosa, WOOD-decaying fungi, PLANT parasites, DEGREES of freedom, SHEET steel
Abstract: The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to deliver a risk assessment on the likelihood of pest freedom from Union quarantine pests and pests subject to measures adopted pursuant to Article 30 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/2031 for the maple veneer sheets manufactured according to the process set out by Canada, with emphasis on the freedom from Davidsoniella virescens and Phytophthora ramorum (non‐EU isolates). The assessment was conducted for veneer sheets of up to 0.7 mm and up to 6 mm thickness, taking into account the different phases in the veneer production in a systems approach. Some of those phases, taken alone, including the heat treatment of logs in a water bath, the cutting into thin veneer sheets and the final high heat drying of veneer sheets are expected to be effective against some of the pests, without uncertainties, making the system approach fully effective. The panel considers that no insects would survive cutting of logs into thin veneer sheets of 0.7 mm and that Xylella fastidiosa will not survive the temperatures in the water bath and final drying of veneers. The degree of pest freedom for the different groups of organisms is generally very high with slightly lower degree of pest freedom for veneer sheets of 6 mm thickness because of lower temperatures reached in the final drying of veneer sheets compared to thinner sheets. P. ramorum is not expected to survive the high heat drying of thin veneer sheets, but it may survive the lower temperatures inside thicker veneer sheets. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9989 and 10,000 veneer sheets (thickness 6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living P. ramorum. For D. virescens, the EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9984 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9954 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living inoculum. For other relevant groups of pests, the greatest likelihood of pest presence was observed for wood decay fungi. The EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9967 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9911 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living wood decay fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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12. Spinosad‐infused biodegradable hydrogel beads as a potential organic approach for argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (hymenoptera: Formicidae), management in California citrus orchards.

Author: Milosavljević, Ivan, Irvin, Nicola A., Lewis, Michael, and Hoddle, Mark S.
Subjects: THIAMETHOXAM, CITRUS, ANTS, HYDROGELS, HYMENOPTERA, ORCHARDS
Abstract: Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), disrupts biological control services in California citrus orchards, leading to economically damaging densities of honeydew‐producing hemipteran pests. With the elimination of chlorpyrifos, the sole registered insecticide for L. humile control in California citrus, the development of effective alternatives is necessary. One alternative is aqueous sugar baits laced with minute concentrations (0.0001%) of insecticide. Field trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of spinosad and thiamethoxam‐infused alginate hydrogel beads (HGBs) for L. humile control. Thiamethoxam‐infused HGBs have previously shown high efficacy against L. humile in citrus. Spinosad is approved for organic use, while thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid, along with other neonicotinoid insecticides, might soon face deregistration in California, underscoring the need for alternative insecticide chemistries for ant control. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize spinosad‐loaded HGBs by identifying efficacious concentrations, application rates, and deployment frequency, and to compare with thiamethoxam‐infused HGBs, the standard reference treatment. Results showed that spinosad‐infused HGBs significantly reduced high‐density L. humile populations in citrus orchards. Notably, the highest spinosad concentration tested (0.01%) demonstrated comparable control to both 0.0001% and 0.01% thiamethoxam concentrations. A tri‐weekly application schedule for spinosad‐infused HGBs provided best control. Trees treated with 125 or 250 g of hydrogels infused with 0.01% spinosad at weeks 0, 3, and 6 displayed significantly reduced ant activities compared to plots treated solely during weeks 0 and 6, as well as control plots lacking HGB applications. Spinosad‐infused HGBs may offer an effective alternative to thiamethoxam‐infused HGBs for control of L. humile in California citrus orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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13. Development and reproductive potential of Oulenziella bakeri Hughes (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) at different constant temperatures.

Author: Zeng, Zhao-Hua, Xie, Shi-Yong, Lin, Ling-Hong, Huang, Jian-Cheng, Yu, De-Yi, and Ji, Jie
Subjects: ANIMAL offspring sex ratio, MITES, PREDATORY mite, LIFE tables, SEX ratio, TEMPERATURE
Abstract: Oulenziella bakeri Hughes is a promising alternative prey for mass rearing of predatory mites. However, little is known regarding the effects of different temperatures on the population growth of O. bakeri. In the present study, the developmental duration, survival rate, longevity, fecundity, and sex ratio of O. bakeri were observed under laboratory conditions at 16°C, 20°C, 24°C, 28°C, and 32°C. The developmental duration and whole generation time of O. bakeri shortened with increasing temperature, except for the protonymphal duration, which was the shortest at 24°C. The maximum fecundity of O. bakeri was recorded at 28°C (176.73 eggs/ female) but did not significantly differ from that at 24°C (173.80 eggs/female). The sex ratio for the progeny of O. bakeri was female-biased, and showed no significant difference among 16°C, 20°C, and 24°C, but a significant decrease as the temperature further increased. Life table analysis indicated that the net reproductive rate of O. bakeri was highest at 28°C, with a value of 140.37. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of O. bakeri ranged from 0.12 to 0.38, and increased with the temperature. Our findings suggested that temperatures of 24°C and 28°C were most suitable among the tested temperatures for rearing O. bakeri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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14. Differential physiological effects of endo- and ecto-parasitoid venoms on the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri.

Author: Bin Wan, Zuo Yu, Yufan Jiang, Wenfeng Hu, Cong Zhang, Jiangwen Huang, Yangyang Liu, Chenyu Jiang, Changxiu Xia, Poirié, Marylène, Gatti, Jean-Luc, and Bin Xia
Subjects: VENOM, CITRUS greening disease, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, CITRUS, BIOLOGICAL fitness
Abstract: Two different species of solitary parasitoid wasps have been used as biological control agents for the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri: the endoparasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis and the ectoparasitoid Tamarixia radiata. Since little information was available on the role of the venom of these two parasitoid species in their reproductive success, we set up experiments to compare the effect of natural parasitism, natural envenomation (which was possible for T. radiata) and microinjections of D. aligarhensis and T. radiata venoms on the development and behavior of D. citri nymphs. We found that natural or artificial envenomation by T. radiata rapidly inhibited the crawling behavior of D. citri nymphs and subsequently induced a high nymph mortality rate, mimicking the natural effect of parasitization. In contrast, microinjection of D. aligarhensis venom did not affect nymphal crawling and had no clear effect on nymphal development apart from a slight delay in the days following injection, which may be consistent with the need to keep the host alive during parasitoid larval development. These results demonstrated the differential effects of venom from two types of parasitoid species sharing the same host, improving our understanding of the evolution of Hymenoptera parasitism and highlighting the use of parasitoid's venom as a potential source of bioinsecticidal molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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15. Classical biological control experiences and opportunities from Mexico, a megadiverse country and center of crop domestication.

Author: Lomelí-Flores, J. Refugio, Rodríguez-Leyva, Esteban, Arredondo-Bernal, Hugo, Barrera-Gaytán, Juan F., González-Hernández, Héctor, and Bernal, Julio S.
Subjects: COFFEE plantations, AVOCADO, FALL armyworm, BIOLOGICAL pest control, INDIGENOUS peoples of Mexico, HOT peppers, CROPS
Abstract: Mexico has a rich history and significant expertise in biological control and is a megadiverse country and center of crop domestication. The latter two features are particularly relevant to classical biological control because megadiverse countries are frequent locations for biological control problems, and crop domestication centers are regular sources of biological control solutions for other regions. Aside from species richness, Mexican megadiversity implies a diversity of environments in which numerous non-native crops, particularly susceptible to invasive pests, are cultivated (e.g., citrus, coffee, sugarcane). Also, many crops originating from Mexico are cultivated worldwide (e.g., maize, chili pepper, avocado) and associated herbivores and pests in Mexico frequently become invasive pests elsewhere. We reviewed six case studies in which Mexico was either a stage for biological control of invasive pests on introduced and native crops, or a source of biological control solutions for invasive pests of Mexican crops elsewhere. First, we reviewed biological control efforts in Mexico targeting coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus), and Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Second, we reviewed potential solutions for classical biological control of native Mexican pests in other regions: fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa, Asia, and Oceania; false carmine cochineal scale (Dactylopius opuntiae) in the Mediterranean; and pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) in Canada and Europe. We concluded by discussing how Mexico, and megadiverse and center of crop domestication countries, generally, are rich sources of experiences and solutions for managing invasive pests worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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16. Nanoplate digital PCR assays for detection and quantification of Xylella fastidiosa.

Author: PASSERA, ALESSANDRO, GROSSO, VALENTINA, MIOTTI, NICCOLÒ, ROSSATO, MARZIA, GAFFURI, FRANCESCA, CASATI, PAOLA, DELLEDONNE, MASSIMO, and BIANCO, PIERO ATTILIO
Subjects: XYLELLA fastidiosa, POLYMERASE chain reaction, PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms, PLANT diseases, GRAM-negative bacteria, INTERNATIONAL trade
Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with several important plant diseases, and is regulated as a quarantine pest in many countries where strategies are implemented to prevent its introduction and spread. To enact efficient quarantine measures, effective and early detection of the pathogen are essential, especially because global trade of goods increases the risks of introduction of alien pathogens. this study aimed to adapt two qPCR-based diagnostic methods (SYBR Green and Probe based qPCR), already in use to detect X. fastidiosa, for use with a nanoplate based digital PCR assay. Detection of the pathogen using the two digital PCR assays (EvaGreen- and Probe-based) was similar to standard qPCR, giving 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, while providing accurate absolute quantification of the pathogen when using experimental samples that had low concentrations of host DNA. Using undiluted plant DNA added with low concentrations of X. fastidiosa, only the TaqMan method maintained satisfactory performance and quantification, and is therefore preferred. These results are a first step demonstrating the usefulness of nanoplate-based digital PCR for detection of plant pathogens, which allows greater throughput than qPCR, reducing the time and cost of diagnostic assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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17. Cosmocomoidea triguttata

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cosmocomoidea triguttata, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea triguttata (Girault, 1916) Gonatocerus triguttatus Girault, 1916 [287]: 297. Lectotype &female; (USNM), designated by Huber, 1988: 55. TL: Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad Island, Caroni. Huber, 1988: 55 (description); Yoshimoto, 1990: 41 (list, species group placement); De Santis & Fidalgo, 1994: 124 (catalogue) [NT]; Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (host); Triapitsyn & Phillips, 2000: 201 (host); Irvin & Hoddle, 2001: 135 (host age preference and susceptibility); Jones, 2001: 50 (natural control); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2001: 133 (survey, distribution); Jones, 2002: 88 (parasitism rates); Hoddle, 2002: 86 (interspecific competition); Lauzière et al., 2002: 81 (biological control); Triapitsyn, 2002d: 91 (mention); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2002: 94 (field collecting, propagation); Triapitsyn et al., 2002: 654 (host, distribution); Daane & Johnson, 2003: 248 (percent parasitism); Hoddle, 2003a: 250 (interspecific competition); Hoddle, 2003b: 255 (behavior, biology); Leopold, 2003a: 221 (cold storage); Leopold, 2003b: 225 (host age preference, behavior, fecundity); Logarzo et al., 2003: 486 (host, Pseudometopia spp.) [NT]; Coudron & Goodman, 2004: 304 (artificial diet and ovipositional substrates); Daane & Johnson, 2004: 95 (percent parasitism, phenology); Daane et al., 2004: 102 (host plant influence); de León, 2004a: 309 (genetic relationships); Hoddle, 2004a: 111 (possible non-target impact); Hoddle, 2004b: 334 (mention); Hoddle, 2004c: 336 (mention); Irvin & Hoddle, 2004: 505 (oviposition preference); Leopold, 2004a: 124 (cold storage effects); Morse, 2004: 365 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2004: 133 (biology, phenology); Toscano et al., 2004: 378 (insecticide compatibility); Daane & Johnson, 2005: 99 (parasitism rate); de León, 2005: 299 (DNA fingerprinting); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005a: 205 (competitive ability); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005b: 392 (host suitability); Morse, 2005: 370 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2005: 224 (biological control); Toscano & Morse, 2005: 389 (insecticide compatibility); Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key); Chen et al., 2006b: 1178 (release in California); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Grandgirard et al., 2006: 436 (biological control possibility) [A]; Hoddle, 2006a: 73 (mention); Hoddle, 2006c: 84 (day-degree model); Irvin & Hoddle, 2006: 162 (intraspecific competition); Irvin et al., 2006: 360 (interspecific competition); Morse, 2006: 92 (percent parasitism); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2006a: 266 (mention); Toscano & Morse, 2006: 108 (insecticide compatibility); Triapitsyn, 2006: 5 (key), 22 (description, distribution, hosts); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 753 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007a: 77 (molecular markers); Irvin et al., 2007: 70 (dietary supplements); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2007a: 1 (life tables, biology); Pilkington and Hoddle, 2007b: 10 (invasion success prediction); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Williams III & Hendrix, 2008: 26 (fitness compared to A. iole); Hoddle, 2008a: 63 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2009: 19 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Gutierrez et al., 2011: 757 (biological control); Rathé et al., 2012: 216 (introduction into California); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 10 (biological control, vouchers); Rathé et al., 2014: 2 (biocontrol mention). Gonatocerus (Gonatocerus) triguttatus triguttatus: De Santis, 1979: 365 (catalogue) [NT]. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) triguttatus: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key). Cosmocomoidea triguttata: Huber, 2015a: 22 (generic transfer, list); Van Driesche et al., 2018: 27 (biological control). Gonatocerus triguttus [sic]: Burks, 1967: 214 (catalogue, distribution); Burks, 1979: 1026 (catalogue). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. nigricans (Walker). Distribution. USA: CA (introduced), FL, TX., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on pages 141-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references": ["Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, 166 pp.", "De Santis, L. & Fidalgo, P. (1994) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos. Tercer suplemento (Insecta). Serie de la Academia Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria, 13. 1 - 154.", "Triapitsyn, S. V. & Phillips, P. A. (2000) First record of Gonatocerus triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with notes on the distribution of the host. Florida Entomologist, 83 (2), 200 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3496158", "Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2001) Egg age preference and \" window of susceptibility \" of Homalodisca coagulata eggs to attack by Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 135 - 136.", "Jones, W. A. (2001) Classical biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 50 - 51.", "Triapitsyn, S. V. & Hoddle, M. S. (2001) Search for and collect egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego. 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 133 - 134.", "Jones, W. A. (2002) Biological control of Homalodisca coagulata. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 15 - 18 December 2002. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 88 - 89.", "Lauziere, I., Ciomperlik, M. A. & Wendel, L. E. (2002) Biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in Kern County, California. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S., Blincoe, P. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego, California, 15 - 18 December 2002, pp. 81 - 82.", "Triapitsyn, S. V. (2002 d) Species-level taxonomy of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): current status and implications for biological control of leafhoppers of economic importance. In Melika, G. & Thuroczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic wasps. Evolution, systematics, biodiversity and biological control. Agroinform, Kiado & Nyomba Kft., Budapest, pp. 89 - 94.", "Daane, K. M. & Johnson, M. W. (2003) Biology and ecology of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in the San Joaquin valley. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 8 - 11 December 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 247 - 249.", "Hoddle, M. S. (2003 a) Interspecific competition between Gonatocerus ashmeadi, G. triguttatus, and G. fasciatus for glassywinged sharpshooter egg masses. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 8 - 11 December 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 250 - 254.", "Hoddle, M. S. (2003 b) Investigating the behavior and biology of exotic mymarid parasitoids released for glassy-winged sharpshooter control, and evaluating techniques for enhancement in the field. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 8 - 11 December 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 255 - 256.", "Leopold, R. A. (2003 a) Cold storage of parasitized and unparasitized eggs of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2003 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 8 - 11 December 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 221 - 224.", "Leopold, R. A. 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(2004) Development of an artificial diet and evaluation of artificial ovipositional substrates for the in vitro rearing of Gonatocerus spp. parasitoids of the eggs of th glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, December 7 - 10, 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 304 - 305.", "de Leon, J. H. (2004 a) Extensive sequence divergence in the ITS 2 RDNA fragment in a population of Gonatocerus ashmeadi from Florida: phylogenetic relationships of Gonatocerus species. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 309 - 313.", "Hoddle, M. S. 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California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 392 - 394.", "Chen, W. L., Leopold, R. A., Morgan, D. J. W. & Harris, M. O. (2006 b) Development and reproduction of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), as a function of temperature. Environmental Entomology, 35 (5), 1178 - 1187. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 35.5.1178", "de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.", "de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.", "de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 e) The utility of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) in confirming species boundaries in the genus Gonatocerus: comparison to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene and taxonomic data: molecular key based on ITS 2 sizes. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 56 - 59.", "Grandgirard, J., Hoddle, M. S., Roderick, G. K., Petit, J. N., Percy, D., Putoa, R., Garnier, C. L. & Davies, N. (2006) Invasion of French Polynesia by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): a new threat to the South Pacific. Pacific Science, 60, 429 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1353 / psc. 2006.0028", "Hoddle, M. S. (2006 a) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies and construction of multi-cohort life tables for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in citrus orchards. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 73 - 75.", "Pilkington, L. J. & Hoddle, M. S. (2006 a) Reproductive and developmental biology of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). 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Long-term phenological studies for glassy-winged sharpshooter in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2008 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Camp Quarter Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2008. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp 63 - 65.", "Hoddle, M. S. (2009) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies for GWSS in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Doubletree Hotel, Sacramento, 9 - 11 December 2009. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 19.", "Hoddle, M. S. (2010) Are natural enemies controlling glassy-winged sharpshooter populations in southern California? In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2010 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Manchester Grant Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2010. 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Published: 2020
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18. Cosmocomoidea morgani

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Cosmocomoidea morgani, Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea morgani (Triapitsyn, 2006) Gonatocerus morgani S. Triapitsyn, 2006: 9. Holotype &female; (UCRC). TL: USA, California, Orange Co., Irvine, Irvine Ranch, Old Irvine Ranch Rd. de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); Morse, 2006: 92 (distribution); Triapitsyn et al., 2006: 4 (key), 5 (DNA); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 253 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007a: 77 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007b: 74 (DNA fingerprinting); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Triapitsyn, 2011b: 17 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 9 (biological control, vouchers); Son et al., 2012: 234 (temperature effects); Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (mention). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morgani: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key), 216 (distribution). Cosmocomoidea morgani: Huber, 2015a: 20 (generic transfer, list). Nearctic host. Cicadellidae: Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Distribution. USA: CA., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on pages 139-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 b) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): a biological control agent for Homalodisca vitripennis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (5), 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [749: EOMMFD] 2.0. CO; 2","Cooksey, D. A. (2011) Development of effective monitoring techniques for sharpshooters and their parasitoids. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 13 - 15 December 2011, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 25 - 27.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2011 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel, 13 - 15 December 2011. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 17 - 18.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2012 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M University in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Pierce's Disease Research Progress Reports, December 2012. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 8 - 11.","Son, Y., Nadel, H., Baek, S., Johnson, M. W. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2012) Estimation of developmental parameters for adult emergence of Gonatocerus morgani, a novel egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, and development of a degree-day model. Biological Control, 60 (3), 233 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2011.04.008","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 c) A new species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Tahiti, with notes on egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in the world. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research, 62 (4), 289 - 299.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.","Huber, J. T. (2015 a) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1"]}
Published: 2020
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19. Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi, Animalia, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi (Triapitsyn, 2006) Gonatocerus walkerjonesi S. Triapitsyn, 2006: 15. Holotype &female; (UCRC). TL: USA, California, Ventura Co., Fillmore, Young Rd. Gonatocerus morrilli (California population): de León, 2005: 299 (DNA fingerprinting). Gonatocerus nov. sp. morrilli: de León et al., 2005: 303 (sibling species). Gonatocerus morrilli: de León & Morgan, 2005: 306 (cryptic species complex); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2005: 341 (quarantine culture); de León & Morgan, 2007a: 81 (molecular markers). Gonatocerus near morrilli: Hoddle & Stouthamer, 2005: 338 (sibling species). Gonatocerus walkerjonesi: de León & Morgan, 2006: 60 (diagnostic molecular marker); de León et al., 2006b: 42, 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Morse, 2006: 92 (percent parasitism); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 750 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007b: 74 (DNA fingerprinting); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Triapitsyn et al., 2008a: 5 (DNA); Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Triapitsyn, 2011b: 17 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 9 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2103c: 293 (mention). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) walkerjonesi: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key). Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi: Huber, 2015a: 22 (generic transfer, list). Cosmocomoidea (Gonatocerus) walkerjonesi: Van Driesche et al., 2018: 26 (biological control). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar). Distribution. USA: CA., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Small scale post-release evaluation of a Gonatocerus morrilli program in California against the glassy-winged sharpshooter: utility of developed molecular diagnostic tools. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, California, 5 - 7 December 2005, pp. 306 - 309.","Hoddle, M. S. & Triapitsyn, S. (2005) Maintaining and evaluating quarantine cultures of Gonatocerus spp., promising egg parasitoids from Argentina and Mexico, for the classical biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 341 - 342.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 a) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli: a biological control agent imported from the origin of the glassy winged sharpshooter. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 12 - 14 December 2007. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 81 - 85.","Hoddle, M. S. & Stouthamer, R. (2005) Is the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus morrilli one species or a complex of closely related sibling species? In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego, California, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 338 - 340.","de Leon, J. H., Jones, W. A., Setamou, M. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2006 a) Genetic and hybridization evidence confirms that a geographic population of Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from California is a new species: egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 38 (2), 282 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2006.03.005","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 e) The utility of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) in confirming species boundaries in the genus Gonatocerus: comparison to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene and taxonomic data: molecular key based on ITS 2 sizes. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 56 - 59.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 b) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): a biological control agent for Homalodisca vitripennis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (5), 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [749: EOMMFD] 2.0. CO; 2","Triapitsyn, S. V., Logarzo, G. A., de Leon, J. H. & Virla, E. G. (2008 a) A new Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Argentina, with taxonomic notes and molecular data on the G. tuberculifemur species complex. Zootaxa, 1949 (1), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1949.1.1","Hoddle, M. S. (2010) Are natural enemies controlling glassy-winged sharpshooter populations in southern California? In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2010 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Manchester Grant Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2010. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 16 - 19.","Cooksey, D. A. (2011) Development of effective monitoring techniques for sharpshooters and their parasitoids. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 13 - 15 December 2011, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 25 - 27.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2011 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel, 13 - 15 December 2011. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 17 - 18.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2012 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M University in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Pierce's Disease Research Progress Reports, December 2012. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 8 - 11.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.","Huber, J. T. (2015 a) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1","Van Driesche, R., Cock, M. J. W., Winston, R. L., Reardon, R. & Weeks, R. D. Jr. (2018) Catalog of species introduced into Canada, Mexico, the USA, or the USA overseas territories for classical biological control of arthropods, 1985 - 2018. Forest Health Assessment and Applied SciencesTeam (FHAAST). United States Department of Agriculture, Morgantown, West Virginia, 190 pp."]}
Published: 2020
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20. Cosmocomoidea fasciata

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Cosmocomoidea fasciata, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea fasciata (Girault, 1911) Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault, 1911 [96]: 265. Lectotype &female; (INHS), designated by Frison, 1927: 227. TL: USA, Virginia, Arlington. Girault, 1929 [428]: 24 (key); Peck, 1951: 412 (catalogue); Fattig, 1955: 10 (hosts, distribution); Burks, 1967: 214 (catalogue, distribution); Herting, 1972: 14 (host catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1025 (catalogue); Webb, 1980: 118 (lectotype listing); Huber, 1988: 57 (description); Yoshimoto, 1990: 40 (list, species group placement); Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (distribution); Triapitsyn & Phillips, 2000: 202 (candidate for importation); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2001: 133 (survey); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2002: 94 (field collecting, propagation); Hoddle, 2003a: 250 (interspecific competition); Hoddle, 2003b: 255 (behavior, biology); Hoddle, 2003c: 262 (collecting); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2003: 261 (distribution); Triapitsyn et al., 2003: 75 (biology); Coudron & Goodman, 2004: 304 (artificial diet and ovipositional substrates); Hoddle, 2004a: 111 (possible non-target impact); Hoddle, 2004b: 334 (mention); Hoddle, 2004c: 336 (mention); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2004b: 342 (distribution); Irvin & Hoddle, 2004: 505 (oviposition); Morse, 2004: 365 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2004: 133 (biology, phenology); de León, 2005: 299 (DNA fingerprinting); Hoddle & Boyd, 2005: 325 (hosts, choice/no choice tests); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005a: 205 (competitive ability); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005b: 392 (host suitability); Pilkington et al., 2005: 224 (biological control); Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key); Chen et al., 2006b: 1178 (release in California); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Hoddle, 2006a: 73 (mention); Hoddle & Boyd, 2006: 88 (non-target impact); Irvin & Hoddle, 2006: 162 (intraspecific competition); Morse, 2006: 92 (percent parasitism); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2006a: 266 (mention); Tipping et al., 2006: 6 (key), 20 (description, distribution, hosts); Boyd & Hoddle, 2007: 57 (host specificity testing); Boyd et al., 2007: 179 (rearing technique); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 753 (molecular markers); Irvin et al., 2007: 70 (dietary supplements); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Hoddle, 2008a: 63 (relative abundance); Williams III & Hendrix, 2008: 26 (fitness compared to A. iole); Hoddle, 2009: 19 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control in California); Rathé et al., 2012: 216 (introduction into California); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 10 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (gregarious in host); Rathé et al., 2014: 2 (biocontrol mention). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) fasciatus: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key), 216 (distribution). Lymaenon fasciatus: Burks, 1958: 63 (generic transfer); Turner & Pollard, 1959: 26 (host, distribution); Peck, 1963: 22 (catalogue). Cosmocomoidea fasciata: Huber, 2015a: 19 (generic transfer, list); Van Driesche et al., 2018: 27 (biological control). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia orbona (Fabricius), Paraulacizes irrorata (Fabricius). Distribution. USA: CA (apparently native to northern CA; also introduced to southern and central CA but apparently not established there), DC, FL, GA, IL, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["Frison, T. H. 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(2003 b) Investigating the behavior and biology of exotic mymarid parasitoids released for glassy-winged sharpshooter control, and evaluating techniques for enhancement in the field. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 8 - 11 December 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 255 - 256.","Hoddle, M. S. (2003 c) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Spencer, R., Houser, L., Ba, A. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, December 8 - 11, 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 261 - 262.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Hoddle, M. S. (2003) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 18 December 2002. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 261 - 262.","Coudron, T. A. & Goodman, C. L. (2004) Development of an artificial diet and evaluation of artificial ovipositional substrates for the in vitro rearing of Gonatocerus spp. parasitoids of the eggs of th glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, December 7 - 10, 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 304 - 305.","Hoddle, M. S. (2004 c) Reproductive and developmental biology of Gonatocerus ashmeadi, an egg parasitoid of the glassywinged sharpshooter. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. Califor- nia Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 336 - 338.","Hoddle, M. S. & Triapitsyn, S. (2004 b) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 342 - 344.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2004) Oviposition preference of Homalodisca coagulata for two Citrus limon cultivars and influence of host plant on parasitism by Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Florida Entomologist, 87, 504 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2004) 087 [0504: OPOHCF] 2.0. CO; 2","Morse, J. G. (2004) Seasonal population dynamics of glassy-winged sharpshooter egg parasitoids: variability across sites and host plants. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 365 - 366.","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S., Carey, B. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2004) Biological control of glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Hoddle, M. S. (Ed.), California Conference on Biological Control, Berkeley, California, 13 - 15 July 2004, pp. 133 - 136.","Hoddle, M. S. & Boyd, E. A. (2005) Oviposition and native parasitoids of the blue-green sharpshooter, and host specificity of Gonatocerus ashmeadi on the smoketree sharpshooter and the blue-green sharpshooter. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 325 - 319.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 a) The competitive ability of three mymarid egg parasitoids (Gonatocerus spp.) for glassywinged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) eggs. Biological Control, 34, 205 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2005.04.010","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 b) Determination of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg ages suitable for oviposition by Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Gonatocerus triguttatus, and Gonatocerus fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Biological Control, 32 (3), 391 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2004.12.007","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / ca. v 059 n 04 p 223","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2005) Preparing and submitting for publication a pictorial, annotated key to Gonatocerus species and other genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) - egg parasitoids of Homalodisca spp. and other proconiine sharpshooters in North America, with emphasis on the species native or introduced to California. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 392 - 394.","Chen, W. L., Leopold, R. A., Morgan, D. J. W. & Harris, M. O. (2006 b) Development and reproduction of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), as a function of temperature. Environmental Entomology, 35 (5), 1178 - 1187. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 35.5.1178","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 e) The utility of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) in confirming species boundaries in the genus Gonatocerus: comparison to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene and taxonomic data: molecular key based on ITS 2 sizes. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 56 - 59.","Hoddle, M. S. (2006 a) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies and construction of multi-cohort life tables for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in citrus orchards. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 73 - 75.","Hoddle, M. S. & Boyd, E. A. (2006) Non-target impact of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoids Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. fasciatus on sharpshooters native to California, with notes on indeginous parasitoids of the blue-green sharpshooter and the green sharpshooter. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 88 - 91.","Pilkington, L. J. & Hoddle, M. S. (2006 a) Reproductive and developmental biology of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 37 (3), 266 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2006.02.006","Tipping, C., Triapitsyn, S. V. & Mizell III, R. F. (2006) First record of an egg parasitoid for the North American proconiine sharpshooter Paraulacizes irrorata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with note on rearing techniques. Florida Entomologist, 89 (2), 288 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2006) 89 [288: FROAEP] 2.0. CO; 2","Boyd, E. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2007) Host specificity testing of Gonatocerus spp. egg-parasitoids used in a classical biological control program against Homalodisca vitripennis: a retrospective analysis for non-target impacts in southern California. Biological Control, 43 (1), 56 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.04.010","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 b) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): a biological control agent for Homalodisca vitripennis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (5), 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [749: EOMMFD] 2.0. CO; 2","Hoddle, M. S. (2008 a) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies for glassy-winged sharpshooter in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2008 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Camp Quarter Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2008. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp 63 - 65.","Williams, L. III & Hendrix, D. L. (2008) Comparing different floral resources on the longevity of a parasitic wasp. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 10, 23 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1461 - 9563.2007.00355. x","Hoddle, M. S. (2009) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies for GWSS in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Doubletree Hotel, Sacramento, 9 - 11 December 2009. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 19.","Hoddle, M. S. (2010) Are natural enemies controlling glassy-winged sharpshooter populations in southern California? In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2010 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Manchester Grant Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2010. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 16 - 19.","Rathe, A. A., Pilkington, L. J., Gurr, G. M., Hoddle, M. S., Daugherty, M. P., Constable, F. E., Luck, J. E., Powell, K. S., Fletcher, M. J. & Edwards, O. R. (2012) Incursion preparedness: anticipating the arrival of an economically important plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Wells (Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadaceae) and the insect vector Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 51, 209 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2011.00856. x","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2012 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M University in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Pierce's Disease Research Progress Reports, December 2012. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 8 - 11.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 c) A new species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Tahiti, with notes on egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in the world. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research, 62 (4), 289 - 299.","Rathe, A. A., Pilkington, L. J., Hoddle, M. S., Spohr, L. J., Daugherty, M. P. & Gurr, G. M. (2014) Feeding and development of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, on Australian native plant species and implications for Australian biosecurity. PLoS One, 9 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0090410","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.","Burks, B. D. (1958) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein, K. V. (Ed.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, No. 2. (Supplement 1), pp. 62 - 84.","Turner, W. F. & Pollard, H. N. (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1188, 1 - 28.","Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 30, 1 - 1092.","Huber, J. T. (2015 a) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1","Van Driesche, R., Cock, M. J. W., Winston, R. L., Reardon, R. & Weeks, R. D. Jr. (2018) Catalog of species introduced into Canada, Mexico, the USA, or the USA overseas territories for classical biological control of arthropods, 1985 - 2018. Forest Health Assessment and Applied SciencesTeam (FHAAST). United States Department of Agriculture, Morgantown, West Virginia, 190 pp."]}
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard 1908

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cosmocomoidea morrilli, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard, 1908 Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard, 1908: 69. Lectotype &female; (USNM), designated by Huber, 1988: 51. TL: USA, Florida, Orlando. Girault, 1911 [96]: 323 (distribution); Girault, 1913 [135]: 17 (body size); Peck, 1951: 411 (catalogue); Turner & Pollard, 1959: 26 (host, distribution); Peck, 1963: 19 (catalogue); Burks, 1967: 213 (catalogue, distribution); Burks, 1979: 1026 (catalogue). Cosmocomoidea morilli [sic]: Girault, 1917 [303]: 36 (description, Mexico) [NT]. Ooctonus morrilli: Girault, 1929 [428]: 21 (key), 22 (host, Mexico); Whittaker, 1931: 192 (key); Herting, 1972: 14 (host catalogue). Ooctonus morilli [sic]: Fattig, 1955: 10 (host, distribution). Gonatocerus morrilli: Huber, 1988: 51 (description, generic transfer); Yoshimoto, 1990: 40 (list, species group placement); Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (percent parasitism); Hoddle et al., 2001: 95 (survey); Mizell III, 2001: 52 (egg age susceptibility); Mizell III & Andersen, 2001: 83 (host susceptibility); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2001: 133 (survey); Jones, 2002: 88 (parasitism rates); Lauzière et al., 2002: 81 (biological control); Triapitsyn, 2002d: 91 (mention); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2002: 94 (field collecting, propagation); Leopold, 2003a: 221 (mention); Leopold, 2003b: 225 (mention); de León et al., 2004: 1 (molecular distinction among populations); de León, 2004a: 309 (genetic relationships); de León, 2004c: 318 (intraspecific genetic relationships); de León, 2004d: 322 (genetic relationships); Hoddle, 2004c: 336 (mention); Hoddle & Stouthamer, 2004: 115 (sibling species complex?); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2004a: 339 (mention); López et al., 2004: 214 (overwintering biology, percent parasitism); Morse, 2004: 365 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2004: 133 (biology, phenology); de León et al., 2005: 302 (cryptic species complex); de León & Morgan, 2005: 306 (post-release evaluation); Hoddle & Stouthamer, 2005: 338 (sibling species complex?); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2005: 341 (quarantine culture); Morse, 2005: 370 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2005: 224 (biological control); Chen et al., 2006b: 1178 (mention); de León & Morgan, 2006: 60 (diagnostic molecular marker); de León et al., 2006a: 283 (genetic/hybridization study); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006c: 49 (DNA fingerprinting); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Hoddle, 2006a: 73 (mention); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2006a: 266 (mention); Triapitsyn, 2006: 4 (key), 20 (description, corrected distribution, hosts); Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 183 (distribution); Bernal et al., 2007: 68 (distribution) [NT]; de León & Morgan, 2007a: 81 (molecular markers); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 749 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007a: 77 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007b: 74 (DNA fingerprinting); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Hoddle, 2008a: 63 (relative abundance); Triapitsyn et al., 2008a: 5 (DNA); Hoddle, 2009: 19 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control in California); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Triapitsyn, 2011b: 17 (biological control, vouchers); Vilhelmsen, 2011: 346 (Morphbank image examined); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 9 (biological control, vouchers); Krugner, 2013: 11 (host egg suitability); Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (mention). Gonatocerus morrilli (complex): Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key). Gonatocerus morilli [sic]: Rathé et al., 2012: 216 (introduction into California); Rathé et al., 2014: 2 (biocontrol mention). Lymaenon (Cosmocomoidea) morrili [sic]: Ogloblin, 1959a: 50 (generic transfer, comparison with extralimital species) [NT]. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli: Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 183 (distribution); Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key); De Santis, 1979: 12 (change in rank), 367 (catalogue) [NT]. Cosmocomoidea morrilli: Huber, 2015a: 20 (generic transfer, list). Cosmocomoidea (Gonatocerus) morrilli: Van Driesche et al., 2018: 26 (biological control). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia nigricans (Walker), Oncometopia sp(p.). Distribution. 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(2005) Preparing and submitting for publication a pictorial, annotated key to Gonatocerus species and other genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) - egg parasitoids of Homalodisca spp. and other proconiine sharpshooters in North America, with emphasis on the species native or introduced to California. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 392 - 394."
Published: 2020
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22. Scientific and technological developments in mating disruption of scale insects.

Author: Franco, José Carlos, Cocco, Arturo, Lucchi, Andrea, Mendel, Zvi, Suma, Pompeo, Vacas, Sandra, Mansour, Ramzi, and Navarro-Llopis, Vicente
Subjects: SCALE insects, SCIENTIFIC knowledge, MEALYBUGS, PEST control, HEMIPTERA, PHEROMONES, FEMALES
Abstract: Mating disruption (MD) is a species-specific and environmentally friendly pest management tactic based on the release of synthetic sex pheromones aiming to interrupt the mate-finding communication and prevent mating in the target pest. The present work aims to provide an overview of the current scientific and technical knowledge on mating disruption of scale pests (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Biparental scales are suitable targets for mating disruption (technically, MD is not suitable for parthenogenetic scales), as the females have a limited spreading ability, and adult males are short lived and have a narrow window of time for mate searching. In this perspective, delayed mating also plays an important role by reducing female attractiveness and population growth potential. The mechanisms involved in MD of scales are most likely assigned to ‘competitive disruption’ rather than ‘noncompetitive’ mechanisms, although no specific studies addressed this issue. Mating disruption has been commercially developed and increasingly applied against the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) to a lesser extent. Critical factors affecting MD effectiveness are the pest density and effective disruption late in the season. Mating disruption applied to scale pests is effective in small plots and compatible with biological control and integrated management programs. In conclusion, MD has a high potential for management of scale pests, providing that key factors such as technological advances in pheromone synthesis and pheromone formulations, elucidation of disruption mechanisms, and simplification of the registration process are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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23. A Comparison of Numerical Methods for Active Sonar Array Performance.

Author: Morgan, Susan, Hardie, David J. W., and Macey, Patrick C.
Subjects: SONAR, NUMERICAL analysis, FINITE element method
Abstract: Low frequency active sonar (LFAS) arrays are complicated devices requiring careful design. Prototype LFAS arrays are expensive to construct and test. Accurate prediction of acoustic and electrical performance is therefore of great interest to LFAS designers. This generally involves solving a fully coupled problem relating the electrical drive to the resulting acoustic field. To derive results a numerical solution method is clearly the only recourse. This paper compares various numerical techniques in terms of accuracy, efficiency and overall applicability for the solution of LFAS problems. These are based around finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) descriptions of the surrounding acoustic medium. Here we consider a pure FE approach based on wave envelope elements and a combined FE/BE scheme using an approximate BE formulation. These are contrasted with a pure BE approach that has been demonstrated to provide accurate predictions of LFAS array performance over a number of years. A piston stack transducer and a line array of free-flooding ring projectors are considered as example LFAS problems. The acoustic, structural and electrical responses are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2001
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24. Standardization and criticism of sampling procedures using sticky card traps: monitoring sap-sucking insect pests and Anagrus atomus inhabiting European vineyards.

Author: PAVAN, Francesco, CARGNUS, Elena, TACOLI, Federico, and ZANDIGIACOMO, Pietro
Subjects: INSECT pests, VINEYARDS, INSECT pest control, INSECT trapping, LEAFHOPPERS, THRIPS, GRAPES
Abstract: Coloured sticky card traps are widely used for sampling and control of sap-sucking insect pests. In European vineyards they are used for monitoring leafhoppers [i.e., Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Zygina rhamni Ferrari, Scaphoideus titanus Ball], the vine thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel and the leafhopper egg parasitoid Anagrus atomus (L.). A study was conducted to establish the trap factors that influence captures of these insects (i.e., size, inclination, exposure days, colour, position within canopy and side orientation). The total captures of grapevine leafhoppers increased as trap size increased, without a significant decline in captures relative to unit area. All leafhopper species were more attracted by vertical traps than horizontal traps, and in the latter case, E. vitis and Z. rhamni were mainly captured on the underside of the trap, while S. titanus on the upper side. For all leafhoppers and D. reuteri, efficiency decreased with the number of days the traps remained in the field. Yellow was a colour preferred by all insects, with Z. rhamni showing a strong preference for lighter yellows. S. titanus was also captured by red traps and A. atomus by colourless ones. Z. rhamni and S. titanus showed a preference for traps placed in shady positions, whereas E. vitis and D. reuteri preferred traps in sunny positions. E. vitis and D. reuteri preferred trap sides exposed to sunlight in the late afternoon and early morning, respectively. Our results were compared with the literature and discussed in relation to the feeding preference and behaviour of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021

25. AMF Inoculation Can Enhance Yield of Transgenic Bt Maize and Its Control Efficiency Against Mythimna separata Especially Under Elevated CO2.

Author: Wang, Long, Wang, Xiaohui, Gao, Fanqi, Lv, Changning, Li, Likun, Han, Tong, and Chen, Fajun
Subjects: CORN, JASMONATE, SUSTAINABILITY, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, FUNGAL colonies, TRANSGENIC plants
Abstract: The promotion and application of transgenic Bt crops provides an approach for the prevention and control of target lepidopteran pests and effectively relieves the environmental pressure caused by the massive usage of chemical pesticides in fields. However, studies have shown that Bt crops will face a new risk due to a decrease in exogenous toxin content under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus negatively affecting the ecological sustainability of Bt crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important beneficial microorganisms that can effectively improve the nutrient status of host plants and are expected to relieve the ecological risk of Bt crops under increasing CO2 due to global climate change. In this study, the Bt maize and its parental line of non-transgenic Bt maize were selected and inoculated with a species of AMF (Funneliformis caledonium , synonyms: Glomus caledonium), in order to study the secondary defensive chemicals and yield of maize, and to explore the effects of F. caledonium inoculation on the growth, development, and reproduction of the pest Mythimna separata fed on Bt maize and non- Bt maize under ambient carbon dioxide concentration (a CO2) and elevated carbon dioxide concentration (e CO2). The results showed that e CO2 increased the AM fungal colonization, maize yield, and foliar contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), but decreased foliar Bt toxin content and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves. F. caledonium inoculation increased maize yield, foliar JA, SA contents, Bt toxin contents, and Bt gene expression in Bt maize leaves, and positively improved the growth, development, reproduction, and food utilization of the M. separata fed on non- Bt maize. However, F. caledonium inoculation was unfavorable for the fitness of M. separata fed on Bt maize, and the effect was intensified when combined with e CO2. It is indicated that F. caledonium inoculation had adverse effects on the production of non- Bt maize due to the high potential risk of population occurrence of M. separata , while it was just the opposite for Bt maize. Therefore, this study confirms that the AMF can increase the yield and promote the expression levels of its endogenous (JA, SA) and exogenous (Bt toxin) secondary defense substances of Bt maize under e CO2, and finally can enhance the insect resistance capacity of Bt crops, which will help ensure the sustainable utilization and safety of Bt crops under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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26. Learned predators enhance biological control via organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades.

Author: Schausberger, Peter, Çekin, Demet, Litin, Alena, and Corley, Juan
Subjects: TROPHIC cascades, ORGANIZATIONAL learning, FRANKLINIELLA occidentalis, PLANT fertility, PREDATORY mite, PREDATORY animals, BIOLOGICAL control of insects, BIOLOGICAL pest control
Abstract: Learning is a behavioural change based on memory of previous experiences and a ubiquitous phenomenon in animals. Learning effects are commonly life‐stage‐ and age‐specific. In many animals, early life experiences lead to pervasive and persistent behavioural changes.There is broad consensus that learning has far‐reaching implications to biological control. Proximate and ultimate factors of individual learning by parasitoids and true predators are relatively well understood, yet the consequences of learning to higher organizational levels, populations and communities, and top‐down trophic cascades are unexplored.We addressed this issue using a tri‐trophic system consisting of predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii, Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and whole common bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris. F. occidentalis are notorious horticultural pests that are difficult to control. Therefore, practitioners have much to gain by optimizing biological control of thrips.Previous studies have shown that early life experience of thrips by A. swirskii improves foraging on thrips later in life due to decreased prey recognition times and increased predation rates, together enhancing predator fecundity. Here, we hypothesized that early learning by A. swirskii enhances biological control of thrips via immediate and cascading effects. We predicted that release of thrips‐experienced predators enhances predator population growth and thrips suppression and reduces plant damage as compared to release of thrips‐naïve predators.The behavioural changes brought about by early learning cascaded up to the population and community levels. Thrips‐experienced predators caused favourable immediate and cascading effects that could not be compensated for in populations founded by thrips‐naïve predators. Populations founded by thrips‐experienced predators grew faster, reached higher abundances, were more efficacious in suppressing an emerging thrips population and kept plant damage at lower levels than populations founded by thrips‐naïve predators. Plant fecundity correlated negatively with thrips abundance and positively with predatory mite abundance. Improved biological control was mainly due to thrips‐experienced founders providing for a head‐start in predator population growth and thrips suppression.Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that learned natural enemies have high potential to optimize augmentative biological control on a larger scale due to favourably modulating organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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27. Indirect effect of elevated CO2 concentration on Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 feeding on Bt soybean plants.

Author: Paulo, Paula Daiana, Pereira, Eliseu José G., Oliveira, Eugenio E., Fereres, Alberto, and Garzo, Elisa
Subjects: SWEETPOTATO whitefly, SOYBEAN as feed, INSECT pests, CULTIVATED plants, PLANT morphology
Abstract: The development of herbivore insects is influenced by the quality of their host plants. Elevated CO2 alters plant metabolism, which may change the nutritional quality of the plant, modifying the life history and feeding behaviour of herbivore insects. Understanding how insect pests respond to increasing CO2 concentration is essential for predicting the impact of the pest on food security. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on the life history and feeding behaviour of the MEAM1 species of Bemisia tabaci on a Bt soybean cultivar. We found that eCO2 increased the egg to adult development time and reduced the reproductive responses (fecundity and fertility) of B. tabaci. The whitefly B. tabaci that fed on the soybean plants grown under eCO2 conditions was negatively influenced by several traits related to the host plant resistance, such as the time spent on phloem sap ingestion. Furthermore, we evaluated the changes in the C:N concentration and plant morphology of the Bt plants. The biomass (weight of leaves and stems) of the Bt soybean plants grown under eCO2 conditions was significantly increased, and the elevated C:N ratio in the phenological stage V6 (i.e. when the plants had six trifoliate leaves developed) was the most pronounced difference in the Bt soybean plants subjected to eCO2 treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that Bt plants cultivated under eCO2 inhibit B. tabaci feeding, which can reduce whitefly infestations of the soybean fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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28. Transmission of Pantoea agglomerans—A paratransgenic control agent—Within a Homalodisca vitripennis population.

Author: Arora, Arinder K., Miller, Thomas A., and Durvasula, Ravi V.
Subjects: XYLELLA fastidiosa, ARTHROPOD vectors, PEST control
Abstract: Paratransgenic control of pests can be an alternative to chemical control, which is associated with environmental contamination, and higher input cost. We have recently developed paratransgenic control strategy to block transmission of the Pierce's disease pathogen—Xylella fastidiosa by its arthropod vector—Homalodisca vitripennis (the glassy‐winged sharpshooter) using antimicrobial peptide‐expressing strains of Pantoea agglomerans. In the present study, we report horizontal transmission of one of such P. agglomerans strains from H. vitripennis. This process indicates that P. agglomerans can self‐sustain in a population of H. vitripennis and, thus, can provide paratransgenic control of X. fastidiosa in field. These results also provide basis for future field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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29. Analysis of vector behavior as a tool to predict Xylella fastidiosa patterns of spread.

Author: Markheiser, Anna, Cornara, Daniele, Fereres, Alberto, and Maixner, Michael
Subjects: ENDANGERED plants, CULTIVATED plants, BEHAVIORAL assessment, VECTOR analysis, ORNAMENTAL plants, XYLELLA fastidiosa, ROSEMARY
Abstract: The most likely scenarios for Xylella fastidiosa introduction in Central Europe is through infected ornamental plants, with a successive spillover from gardens and parks to cultivated orchards. Given its polyphagy and wide distribution, the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius, the only ascertained vector of X. fastidiosa in Europe so far, might play an important role in such a scenario. Here, we combined and analyzed spittlebug's behavioral data obtained through Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG), preference and survival tests as well as field surveys, in order to infer possible bacterium patterns of spread. For our case study, we selected oleander and rosemary as potential introductory hosts and grapevine and cherry as economically important threatened plants. Philaenus spumarius was collected in field near all the four plant species, although choice and no-choice tests indicated that the spittlebug rather prefers to settle on cherry and grapevine than on rosemary and oleander. Considering the results of the EPG, the duration of xylem sap ingestion was longer in cherry, grapevine and rosemary than in oleander. However, P. spumarius spent on rosemary most of the time in resting activities, this implying a lower duration of xylem sap ingestion compared to grapevine and cherry. Overall, our data suggest that cultivated plants as grapevine and cherry could be more relevant than oleander and rosemary as X. fastidiosa source plants; therefore, P. spumarius might acquire the bacterium from cultivated plants, then first spread it within cultivated orchards, and successively to ornamental plants during its dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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30. An overview on the worldwide vectors of Xylella fastidiosa.

Author: Cornara, Daniele, Morente, Marina, Markheiser, Anna, Bodino, Nicola, Chi-Wei Tsai, Fereres, Alberto, Redak, Richard A., Perring, Thomas M., and Lopes, Joao Roberto Spotti
Subjects: XYLELLA fastidiosa, CROPS, GRAM-negative bacteria, LEAFHOPPERS, ALMOND growing, ALMOND, OLIVE leaves
Abstract: The Gram-negative bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes disease in a number of important crops and plants within natural ecosystems. Most notable among these diseases are Pierce's disease of grapevine, Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, Almond Leaf Scorch, Oleander Leaf Scorch and Olive Quick Decline Syndrome. In response to substantial economic losses, extensive research efforts have been underway over the past several decades in North and South America. Recently, X. fastidiosa has been detected in several countries of Europe and Asia, likely appearing as a result of global trading of plant material. Once established in a new region, X. fastidiosa spread is dependent on the obligate transmission by xylem-sap feeding insects. Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) are the best-studied group of vectors of this bacterium; however the list of known vector species is expanding. As X. fastidiosa moves into new regions, the combination of an introduced pathogen with existing or introduced vectors carries the potential of increasing economically important disease problems in the local context. By reviewing ecological and biological information of known X. fastidiosa vectors and the epidemiology of local X. fastidiosa outbreaks, this paper aims at increasing our understanding of vector- X. fastidiosa interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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31. Integrative Taxonomy and Its Implications for Species-Level Systematics of Parasitoid Hymenoptera.

Author: Gokhman, V. E.
Abstract: This review deals with integrative taxonomy of parasitoid Hymenoptera, i.e., a complex of approaches and techniques aimed at detection, delimitation, and description of closely related species of these insects. The current state and prospects of integrative taxonomy, as well as its implications for species-level parasitoid systematics, are reviewed. The increasing significance of molecular, chromosomal, and other modern techniques for detection and description of new species of parasitoid wasps is shown. The morphological study of parasitoid Hymenoptera is considered an important but by no means decisive stage of analysis of their taxonomic diversity. In particular, each of the revealed morphospecies can be subjected to a thorough study aiming at detection of cryptic taxa using modern techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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32. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) nigrithorax

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., and Aquino, Daniel A.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Gonatocerus nigrithorax, Animalia, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) nigrithorax (Ogloblin, 1953) (Figs 407–416) Gonatocerus caudatus Ogloblin 1935: 77 –78 (male only, misidentification) + plate (lámina) VII (illustration). Lymaenon nigrithorax Ogloblin: Ogloblin 1953: 2 –3 + plates (láminas) I and II (illustrations). Type locality (of the lectotype, designated here): Monte Carlo (Montecarlo), Misiones, Argentina. Gonatocerus (Gonatocerus) nigrithorax Ogloblin: De Santis 1967: 104 (catalog). Gonatocerus nigrithorax (Ogloblin): Yoshimoto 1990: 41 (list); Triapitsyn 2006b: 112 (= G. sp. 2); de León & Morgan 2007: 83 (molecular data); Luft Albarracin et al. 2009: 10 (list; distribution and host association in Argentina). Gonatocerus sp. 2: de León et al. 2006a: 41–42 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006d: 54 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006e: 57 (molecular data); de León et al. 2008: 99, 104–105 (molecular data). Type material examined. The syntype series of Lymaenon nigrithorax consisted of 10 females and 7 males collected in Loreto and Monte Carlo, Misiones, during April, June, October, and December. The female “allotype” of this species was designated by Ogloblin (1953, p. 2) invalidly because he did not specifically designate a holotype; rather, all 17 specimens of the type series are syntypes. None of the 9 females in MLPA was actually marked by him as an “allotype”. All are mounted individually on slides and seem to certainly be the original syntypes because they were numbered by Ogloblin in pencil in the upper corner from 1 to 10, with the slide number 9 missing. Altogether, we found 12 females (11 of them collected in Loreto and 1 in Monte Carlo) and 7 males (all from Loreto) that were collected during April, June, October, and December before 1953 and identified by Ogloblin as Gonatocerus nigrithorax or Lymaenon nigrithorax; the remaining 3 females without a number are considered as potential paralectotypes because one of them was the likely ninth original syntype that was not numbered by Ogloblin. Lectotype female [MLPA], here designated to avoid the existing confusion about the status of the type specimens of this species, on slide labeled: “1 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; 21.xii.1932 Monte Carlo A. Parana [F. – iR, ip] Misiones [the last letter ip] A O”. The lectotype, although insufficiently cleared, is in good condition, almost complete but with 3 apical tarsomeres of one hind leg missing, well spread out and mounted dorsoventrally. Paralectotypes [all MLPA]: 1 &female; on slide labeled: “2 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O &female; Loreto, Misiones 12.vi 1933.”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “3 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 12.x.1933. A. A. O.”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “4 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; 12.x.1933 Loreto, Misiones”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “5 [ip] Gonatocerus ? nigrithorax [ip] &female; A. O. 5.xii.1931. Loreto”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “6 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax. A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 8.vi.1933.”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “7 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 12.x.1933 A A O”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “8 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A O. &female; Loreto, Mision 12.vi 1933.”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “10 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 19.iv.1933 A. O. [Fig. – iR]”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus ? nigrithorax [ip] &male; Loreto, Misiones 4.vi.1934.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Lymaenon nigrithorax A. O. [ip] &male; Loreto, Misiones 12.xii.1947. Selva. A. O.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “2 [ip] Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &male; Loreto, Misiones 15.x.1933. A. A. O.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithorax A O &male; Loreto, Misiones 10.vi.1933.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithorax [ip] &male; [ip] [&female; co ip] Loreto 7.xii.1931 A. O.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &male; Loreto, Misiones 15.x.1933.”; 1 &male; on slide labeled: “ Lymaenon nigrithorax [species name ip] &male; Loreto, Misiones 15.x.1935. A. A. O.”. Also 3 females [potential paralectotypes – at least one of them is a likely paralectotype, as explained above, or possibly even all of them provided Ogloblin (1953) incorrectly indicated the number of females in the type series of his Lymaenon nigrithorax – all of these have what it looks like some kind of ratios (possibly length of something to length of ovipositor?) marks on the labels in pencil], as follows [all MLPA]: 1 &female; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithor [species name ip] &female; Loreto, Misiones 19.iv.1934. [29/29 – ip]”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithorax A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 22.x.1933. [28/28 – ip]”; 1 &female; on slide labeled: “ Gonatocerus nigrithorax [species name ip] A. O. &female; Loreto, Misiones 15.vi.1933. A. O. [T. O. 29/29 – ip]”. Material examined. ARGENTINA. BUENOS AIRES: Luján, Universidad Nacional de Luján, 34°35'07"S 59°04'45"W, 32 m, C. Coviella: 20.x.2005 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 1.xii.2006 [2 &female;, UCRC]. Tigre, 34°23’50’’S 58°34’32’’W, 5 m, G.A. Logarzo: 9–16.xi.2005 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 23–28.xi.2005 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 3– 10.i.2006 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 2–11.ii.2006 [2 &female;, UCRC]. CÓRDOBA, near Tanti, 31°20’47.1’’S 64°32’03.4’’W, 727 m, 17.xii.2007 – 10.i.2008, G.A. Logarzo [1 &female;, UCRC]. CORRIENTES, Yapeyú: exposed 4–9.x.2006, emerged 23–25.x.2006, G.A. Logarzo, V. Varni, from sentinel eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) [3 &female;, UCRC]; xi.2006, G.A. Logarzo (reared on eggs of T. rubromarginata) [3 &female;, 1 &male;, UCRC]; 29°28’27.6’’S 56°48’52.3’’W, 47-53 m, park at Río Uruguay bank, 20.ii.2009, D.A. Aquino, A.V. Ossipov, S.V. Triapitsyn [1 &female;, UCRC]. ENTRE RÍOS, Parque Nacional El Palmar: Arroyo El Palmar, 31°53’40.9’’S, 58°14’13.9’’W, 6-10 m, 14-15.ii.2009, S.V. Triapitsyn, D.A. Aquino, A.V. Ossipov [1 &male;, UCRC]; Arroyo Los Loros, 31°51’46.5’’S 58°13’45.9’’W, 15 m, 14-15.ii.2009, S.V. Triapitsyn, D.A. Aquino, A.V. Ossipov [1 &male;, UCRC]. JUJUY: Bella Vista, Piquete, 3–4.v.1951, [A.A. Ogloblin] [1 &female;, MLPA]. Caimancito, 25.v.1948, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]. LA RIOJA. Anillaco, 1–28.ii.2001, P. Fidalgo, J. Torréns, G. Fidalgo [1 &male;, UCRC]. Chuquis, 28°53’40’’S 67°00’31’’W, 1575 m, 17.iii.2003, J. Munro [1 &female;, 1 &male;, UCRC]. El Duraznillo (near La Rioja), 26.xi.2001, P. Fidalgo [3 &male;, IMLA (2), UCRC (1)]. Santa Vera Cruz, 28°40’42.7’’S 66°57’50.4’’W, 1660 m, 28.viii–5.x.2001, P. Fidalgo [1 &male;, UCRC]. MENDOZA, La Consulta, 33°42’30’’S 69°04’21’’W, INTA – Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta: xi.2005, G.A. Logarzo, E.G. Virla, J. Jara (from sentinel eggs of Balacha melanocephala (Signoret) during the course of field host range studies) [1 &male;, UCRC]; 18–22.xii.2006, S. Lanati [2 &female;, UCRC]; 15–19.i.2007, S. Lanati [1 &female;, UCRC]; 22–26.i.2007, S. Lanati [1 &female;, UCRC]. MISIONES: Loreto: 26.viii.1932, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]; 27.v.1934, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &male;, MLPA] (this specimen was misidentified as G. “prope caudatus ” by Ogloblin); 20.vii.1934, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &male;, MLPA] (this specimen, a paralectotype of G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus Ogloblin, is not considered as part of the syntype series of Lymaenon nigrithorax because it was collected in July); 7.xi.1934, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &male;, MLPA]; 21.iii.1935, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &male;, MLPA] (initially misidentified by Ogloblin as G. caudatus, it is not considered as part of the syntype series of Lymaenon nigrithorax because it was collected in March; as discussed here under G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus, it has no type status for the latter species either); 26.viii.1935, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]; 12.ii.1949, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]; 19.ii.1949, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]; [no dates], A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, 1 &male;, MLPA]; Ruinas Jesuíticas, 27°20’S 55°31’W, 24–25.viii.2000, P. Fidalgo [2 &female;, UCRC]; 19.iii.2001, P. Fidalgo [2 &female;, IMLA, UCRC]. Obraje Giralt, 24.iii.1949, [A.A. Ogloblin] [1 &female;, MLPA]. Parque Nacional Iguazú: Cantera, 8.xii.1990 – 6.i. 1991, 200 m, S. & J. Peck [3 &female;, CNCI]; Centro Ecológico, 24.xii.1990 – 6.i. 1991, 180 m, S. & J. Peck [1 &female;, CNCI]; 25.68°S 54.45°W, 200 m, B.V. Brown, G. Kung: 30.xi–2.xii.2003 [2 &female;, UCRC]; 2–7.xii.2003 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 25°42’43.2’’S 54°26’30.1’’W, 229 m, 18.ii.2009, D.A. Aquino, A.V. Ossipov, S.V. Triapitsyn [2 &female;, UCRC]. 15 km SE of Puerto Iguazú, 27.xii.1990 – 6.i.1991, S. & J. Peck [3 &female;, 1 &male;, CNCI]. Reserva de Vida Silvestre Urugua-í, 25°58.471’S 54°06.986’W, 400 m, B.V. Brown, G. Kung: 7–9.xii.2003 [3 &female;, UCRC]; 10– 12.xii.2003 [4 &female;, 3 &male;, UCRC]. San Ignacio, Chacra Yabebirí (Yabebiry), ii.1950, A.A. Ogloblin [1 &female;, MLPA]. Santa Ana, 27.34°S 55.53°W, 77 m, 27.iii.2003, J. Munro [3 &female;, UCRC]. S of Santa Ana, 27.46°S 55.49°W, 196 m, 28.iii.2003, J. Munro [2 &female;, UCRC]. 28.65°S 55.56°W, 200 m, 28.iii.2003, J. Munro [3 &female;, UCRC]. SALTA: Aguas Blancas, 22.72°S 64.40°W, 447 m, 23.iii.2003, J. Munro [3 &female;, 2 &male;, UCRC]. Parque Nacional [Finca] El Rey, A.A. Ogloblin: 20.xi.1952 [1 &female;, 1 &male;, MLPA]; 30.xi.1952 [2 &female;, MLPA]. Rosario de la Frontera, Lumbrera, at Río Juramento, 25.21°S 64.92°W, 681 m, 21.iii.2003, J. Munro [1 &female;, UCRC]. San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, J. Munro: 23.09°S 64.37°W, 399 m, 22.iii.2003 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 23.11°S 64.52°W, 535 m, 23.iii.2003 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 23.13°S 64.43°W, 444 m, 23.iii.2003 [1 &female;, UCRC]. SAN JUAN, Caucete, 12–21.ii.2002, G.A. Logarzo (from eggs of T. rubromarginata, died in route to USDA-APHIS Mission quarantine, Edinburg, Texas, USA) [3 &female;, UCRC]. TUCUMÁN: Cochuna, 11.xii.2002, P. Fidalgo [2 &male;, IMLA, UCRC]. El Cadillal: 23.i.1995, E.G. Virla (from eggs of T. rubromarginata on maize) [4 &female;, 1 &male;, CNCI]; 19.i.1996, M.J. Sharkey [1 &male;, CNCI]. Horco Molle (near San Miguel de Tucumán), 16–19.i.1996, M.J. Sharkey [1 &female;, CNCI]. San Miguel de Tucumán, soccer field near PROIMI, 26°48’35.6’’S 65°14’24.6’’W, 500 m, 20.i.2003, S.V. Triapitsyn, E.G. Virla [1 &female;, UCRC]. Tafí Viejo, E.G. Virla: 18–21.xii.2000 [2 &female;, 1 &male;, UCRC]; 21–22.xii.2000 (second generation on eggs of T. rubromarginata) [1 &female;, UCRC]. Tapia, 14.i.1995, E.G. Virla (from eggs of T. rubromarginata on maize) [2 &female;, CNCI]. BOLIVIA. LA PAZ, near Chulumani, Reserva Ecológica Privada Apa Apa, 16.37°S 67.51°W, 2000 m, 1–3.iv.2001, B.V. Brown [1 &female;, UCRC]. BRAZIL. GOIÁS. Campinaçu, Serra da Mesa Survey: 13°51.6’S 48°23.5’W, 20.ii.1996 [2 &female;, UCRC]; 13°52.0’S 48°23.2’W, 19–20.ii.1996 [1 &female;, UCRC]; 13°52.0’S 48°23.3’W, 21–22.ii.1996 [1 &female;, UCRC]. Uruaçu, 14°17.0’S 48°54.8’W, 27.v.1996, Serra da Mesa Survey [1 &female;, UCRC]. RIO DE JANEIRO, near Desengano State Park, 21.87°S 41.80°W, 200 m, 9.v.1999, B.V. Brown [1 &female;, UCRC]. URUGUAY. RÍO NEGRO, 10 km E of Fray Bentos, Estancia M’Bopicuá, 33°06’S 58°12’W, 3 m, 15–30.xii.2002, S. Peck [1 &male;, CNCI]. Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype, paralectotypes, and non-type specimens). Body length 800–1150 µm. Head and mesosoma dark brown to black, leg segments mostly light brown except metacoxa and metatibia brown, metafemur sometimes brownish but at least slightly lighter than metatibia; gaster whitish, yellowish, or light brown with brown bands on terga; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellum brown to dark brown. Antenna (Figs 407, 410) with radicle about 0.3x total length of scape, rest of scape 3.0–3.2x as long as wide; pedicel longer than F1; F1 the shortest funicle segment, F2–F4 and F8 subequal in length and little shorter than F5, F6, and F7; mps on F4 (usually 0, occasionally 1 or 2), F5 (1 or 2), F6 (2), F7 (2), and F8 (2); clava with 8 mps, 3.4–3.9x as long as wide, about as long as combined length of F6–F8. Mesosoma shorter than gaster (Figs 408, 412). Mesonotum smooth, shining. Dorsellum at least 0.33x as long as wide. Propodeum (Fig. 411) with very short submedian carinae at posterior margin only. Forewing (Figs 409, 413) 3.3–3.7x as long as wide; longest marginal seta 0.25–0.3x maximum wing width; disc infumate and with a narrow, slightly curved, brown band behind stigmal vein, with cubital row of setae complete, and a narrow bare area just behind marginal vein, remainder of the area between marginal vein and cubital row of setae setose. Hind wing (Fig. 409) 15–19x as long as wide; disc mostly bare except for rows of setae along margins and a few setae basally and apically, slightly infumate; longest marginal seta 1.9–2.1x maximum wing width. Gaster (and ovipositor) not projecting forward under propodeum. Petiole at most 1.6x as wide as long. Ovipositor 0.6–0.8x length of gaster, usually barely exserted beyond gastral apex but sometimes more notably exserted by at most 0.14x its own length; ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio 1.0–1.5:1. Measurements (µm) of the lectotype. Body: total body length: 843; head 154; mesosoma 314; petiole 30; gaster 351; ovipositor 304. Antenna: scape (without radicle) 106; pedicel 48; F1 34; F2 47; F3 46; F4 49; F5 57; F6 55; F7 53; F8 50; clava 184. Forewing 966:283; longest marginal seta 88. Hind wing 720:48; longest marginal seta 91. MALE (paralectotypes and non-type specimens). Body length 890–1220 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Body, particularly gaster and legs a little darker. Antenna (Fig. 414) with all flagellomeres longer than wide and longer than pedicel. Forewing (Fig. 415) 3.1– 3.6x as long as wide. Genitalia as in Fig. 416. Diagnosis. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) nigrithorax is a member of the ater subgroup of the ater species group. Among the Neotropical species of the subgenus, it is similar to the usually larger G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus Ogloblin, of which females have a relatively longer ovipositor (Figs 254, 258) and males have relatively longer antennal flagellomeres (Fig. 260) and a different coloration of the leg segments. Gonatocerus nigrithorax is most similar and, in fact, almost identical morphologically to the North American species G. (Cosmocomoidea) fasciatus Girault, which has a similar coloration, the forewing disc with a complete cubital row of setae and a narrow, slightly curved, brown band behind the stigmal vein, and a relatively shorter ovipositor. Gonatocerus nigrithorax differs from G. fasciatus mainly in having shorter submedian carinae on the propodeum (Fig. 411). In the latter species these are distinct, parallel, often of unequal length, and extend toward the dorsellum for about one-half to three-quarters distance between the propodeal foramen and dorsellum (Huber 1988) rather than present only near the propodeal posterior margin. Also, G. nigrithorax is a solitary parasitoid unlike G. fasciatus, which is a gregarious parasitoid (Triapitsyn et al. 2003). It is also very similar to the northern Neotropical species G. (Cosmocomoidea) portoricensis Dozier, which has a much narrower dorsellum, as indicated in the key. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL: Argentina, Bolivia *, Brazil *, and Uruguay *. Hosts. Balacha melanocephala (Signoret) (Cicadellini) [new record], and Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Proconiini) (Cicadellidae)., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 2456 on pages 194-199, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.894928, {"references":["Ogloblin, A. (1953) Las especies nuevas del genero Lymaenon (Haliday) Walker (Mymaridae, Hymenoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 16 (1), 1 - 8 [+ 2 plates on unnumbered pages].","Ogloblin, A. A. (1935) Especies nuevas o poco conocidas del genero Gonatocerus (Hym. Mymaridae) de la Republica Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 7, 65 - 78 [+ 2 plates on unnumbered pages].","Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7, Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli: A biological control agent imported from the origin of the glassy winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 12 - 14, 2007, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Blincoe, P., West, D., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). PIP Printing and Document Services, Sacramento, California, pp. 81 - 85. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Luft Albarracin, E., Triapitsyn, S. V. & Virla, E. G. (2009) Annotated key to the genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Argentina. Zootaxa, 2129, 1 - 28.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 a) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur from South America uncovers divergent clades: Prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: A prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Morgan, D. J. W., Hoddle, M. S. & Berezovskiy, V. V. (2003) Observations on the biology of Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) and Oncometopia orbona (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 79 (1), 75 - 76."]}
Published: 2010
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33. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi Girault 1915

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., and Aquino, Daniel A.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Animalia, Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi Girault, 1915 (Fig. 195) Gonatocerus dolichocerus var. ashmeadi Girault 1915b: 8. Lectotype female [USNM], designated by Huber 1988: 53 – 54 (not examined). Type locality: an unspecified locality in Texas, USA. Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault: Girault 1929: 25; Peck 1951: 411 (catalog); Burks 1979: 1025 (catalog); Huber 1988: 53 –55 (references, lectotype designation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution including mentioning of specimens from Mexico and Venezuela, host associations); Yoshimoto 1990: 39 (list, ater species group); De Santis & Fidalgo 1994: 124 (catalog); Triapitsyn et al. 1998: 241 –242 (distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002: 38 –39 (distribution, host associations); Irvin & Hoddle 2004: 504–509 (biology); Vickerman et al. 2004: 338 –344 (biological, morphological, and molecular distinction between populations; distribution); de León 2005: 298–300 (molecular data on specimens from California, USA); Irvin & Hoddle 2005a: 391 –399 (biology); Irvin & Hoddle 2005b: 204 –213 (biology); de León et al. 2006a: 42 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006d: 54 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006e: 57–58 (molecular data); de León & Morgan 2006: 61 (molecular data); Irvin et al. 2006: 359 –373 (larval morphology, competition studies); Pilkington & Hoddle 2006: 266 –274 (biology); Triapitsyn et al. 2006: 60– 62 (illustrations, comparison with G. (Cosmocomoidea) uat Triapitsyn); Triapitsyn 2006a: 24–27 (taxonomic history, references subsequent to Huber (1988), diagnosis, illustrations, distribution, host associations); de León & Morgan 2007: 83 (molecular data); Chen et al. 2008: 1760 –1768 (cold storage, biology); de León et al. 2008: 99, 104–105 (molecular data); Krugner et al. 2008: 8 –14 (biology); Irvin & Hoddle 2009: 125 –131 (biology). Lymaenon ashmeadi (Girault): Burks 1958: 63 (catalog [not listed but a new combination proposed referring to the previous listing in Peck (1951)]); Turner & Pollard 1959: 26 (host associations); Peck 1963: 21 (catalog). Material examined. VENEZUELA. MÉRIDA, Santa Rosa, 1900 m, 15.vi–15.vii.1981, F. Suárez, A. Briceño [3 &female;, CNCI]. Redescription. See Huber (1988). We do not provide a detailed redescription because only 3 specimens from the Neotropical region are available. Diagnosis. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi is a member of the ater subgroup of the ater species group. Body length (female) 1280–1760 µm. Head and mesosoma generally dark brown, legs and gaster mostly yellow with brown bands on gastral terga; gaster may be almost completely dark brown in some males. Female antenna (Fig. 195) with mps present on F2–F8, F1 without mps. Mesosomal sternum with a distinct, well-defined yellow streak on mesosternum between each pro- and mesocoxae. Submedian carinae on the propodeum thick, distinct, extending to the dorsellum. Forewing hyaline or at most with a faint, uniform brownish tinge; cubital row of setae on the forewing disc complete, extending to base of the marginal vein. Gonatocerus ashmeadi is very similar to G. (Cosmocomoidea) uat Triapitsyn (particularly in body color), from which it can be distinguished by the characters indicated in the key. Triapitsyn et al. (2006) also provided molecular evidence of the clear separation between G. ashmeadi and G. uat. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL: Venezuela. NEARCTIC: Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas), and USA (Triapitsyn 2006a). OCEANIA: Self-introduced (likely together with the host) to Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, USA), where it provides good control of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), and also to Easter Island, Chile (which is only politically, but not biogeographically part of the Neotropical region), probably from French Polynesia together with its host, H. vitripennis (Triapitsyn 2006a); intentionally and successfully introduced to Tahiti for biological control against H. vitripennis (Grandgirard et al. 2008, 2009), from where it quickly spread to some other parts of French Polynesia (Petit et al. 2009). Hosts. Cuerna costalis (Fabricius), Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. orbona (Fabricius), and Oncometopia sp. (Cicadellidae) (Triapitsyn 2006a). Biological traits of G. ashmeadi are well known (Irvin & Hoddle 2004, 2005a, 2005b, 2009; Irvin et al. 2006; Pilkington & Hoddle 2006; Chen et al. 2008; Krugner et al. 2008)., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 2456 on pages 107-109, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.894928, {"references":["Girault, A. A. (1915 b [1916]) Notes on North American Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae (Hym.). Entomological News, 27 (1), 4 - 8.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Girault, A. A. (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately printed, Brisbane, 29 pp.","Peck, O. (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 410 - 594.","Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Mymaridae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 1, Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1022 - 1033.","Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7, Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp.","De Santis, L. & Fidalgo, P. (1994) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Tercer suplemento (Insecta). Serie de la Academia Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria No. 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 154 pp.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Mizell, III, R. F., Bossart, J. L. & Carlton, C. E. (1998) Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist, 81 (2), 241 - 243.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42.","Vickerman, D. B., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. & Stouthamer, R. (2004) Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biological Control, 31 (3), 338 - 345.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 a) Determination of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg ages suitable for oviposition by Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Gonatocerus triguttatus, and Gonatocerus fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Biological Control, 32 (3), 391 - 400.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 b) The competitive ability of three mymarid egg parasitoids (Gonatocerus spp.) for glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) eggs. Biological Control, 34 (2), 204 - 214.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 a) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur from South America uncovers divergent clades: Prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: A prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Irvin, N. A., Hoddle, M. S. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2006) Competition between Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus for glassy winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) egg masses. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16 (4), 359 - 373.","Pilkington, L. J. & Hoddle, M. S. (2006) Reproductive and developmental biology of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 37 (3), 266 - 275.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli: A biological control agent imported from the origin of the glassy winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 12 - 14, 2007, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Blincoe, P., West, D., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). PIP Printing and Document Services, Sacramento, California, pp. 81 - 85. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Chen, W. - L., Leopold, R. A. & Boetel, M. A. (2008) Cold storage of adult Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and effects on maternal and progeny fitness. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (6), 1760 - 1770.","Krugner, R., Johnson, M. W., Daane, K. M. & Morse, J. G. (2008) Olfactory responses of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), to host plants infested by Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 47 (1), 8 - 15.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2009) Egg maturation, oosorption, and wing wear in Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 48 (2), 125 - 132.","Burks, B. D. (1958) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein, K. V. (Ed.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - synoptic catalog (Agriculture Monograph No. 2). First supplement. United States Department of Agriculture, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 62 - 84.","Turner, W. F. & Pollard, H. N. (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. Technical Bulletin, United States Department of Agriculture, 1188, 1 - 28.","Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, Supplement, 30, 1 - 1092.","Grandgirard, J., Hoddle, M. S., Petit, J. N., Roderick, G. K. & Davies, N. (2008) Engineering an invasion: classical biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, by the egg parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi in Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia. Biological Invasions, 10 (2), 135 - 148."]}
Published: 2010
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34. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) triguttatus Girault 1916

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., and Aquino, Daniel A.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Gonatocerus triguttatus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) triguttatus Girault, 1916 (Figs 472��478) Gonatocerus triguttatus Girault 1916: 297 ��298. Lectotype female [USNM] (examined), designated by Huber 1988: 55. Type locality: Caroni, Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago. Gonatocerus triguttus [sic] Girault: Burks 1979: 1026. Gonatocerus (Gonatocerus) triguttatus triguttatus Girault: De Santis 1979: 367 (catalog). Gonatocerus triguttatus Girault: Huber 1988: 55 ��57 (lectotype designation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution); Yoshimoto 1990: 41 (list, ater species group); De Santis & Fidalgo 1994: 125 (catalog); Triapitsyn & Phillips 2000: 201 ��202 (distribution, first known host record); Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002: 40 (distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn, Hoddle et al. 2002: 654 (distribution, host associations); Logarzo et al. 2004: 486 (distribution, host associations); Irvin & Hoddle 2004: 504��509 (biology); Irvin & Hoddle 2005a: 391 ��399 (biology); Irvin & Hoddle 2005b: 204 ��213 (biology); de Le��n 2005: 298��300 (molecular data on specimens from Texas, USA); Triapitsyn et al. 2006: 63 (molecular data); Triapitsyn 2006a: 22��24 (taxonomic history, diagnosis, distribution, host associations); Irvin et al. 2006: 359 ��373 (larval morphology, competition studies); de Le��n et al. 2006a: 42 (molecular data); de Le��n et al. 2006d: 54 (molecular data); de Le��n et al. 2006e: 57��58 (molecular data); de Le��n & Morgan 2006: 61 (molecular data); Pilkington & Hoddle 2007a: 1 ��7 (biology); Pilkington & Hoddle 2007b: 9 ��14 (predictions on performance as biological control agent); de Le��n & Morgan 2007: 83 (molecular data); de Le��n et al. 2008: 99, 104��105 (molecular data). Material examined. MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, 10 km N of La Paz, 28.x.1983, J.D. Pinto [1 &female;, BMNH]. YUCAT��N, Uxmal, 28.vii.1984, G. Gordh [1 &female;, UCRC]. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad Island, Mitan, i.1915, F.W. Urich (�� Bred from egg-mass of leafhopper��) [5 &female;, BMNH]. Redescription. See Huber (1988). Diagnosis. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) triguttatus is a member of the ater subgroup of the ater species group. Its main distinguishing features are as follows: head and mesosoma of female generally yellow, gaster light yellow with brown bands on terga (Fig. 474); mesonotum of male slightly darker, with light brown or brown areas; female antenna (Fig. 472) with mps present on all funicle segments; propodeum (Fig. 473) with submedian carinae thick, distinct, extending to its anterior margin; wings hyaline, forewing (Figs 475, 477) with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Also illustrated here are the male antenna (Fig. 476) and genitalia (Fig. 478). Gonatocerus triguttatus is closely related to G. (Cosmocomoidea) uat Triapitsyn and G. (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi Girault (see cladogram in Triapitsyn et al. 2006), both of which have a dark brown mesosoma in both sexes; it differs genetically from another closely related and morphologically very similar South American species G. (Cosmocomoidea) metanotalis (Ogloblin) (de Le��n 2005; de Le��n et al. 2006e), from which it can be separated by the presence of at least 1 (usually 2) mps on F1 of the female antenna (none in G. metanotalis). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL: Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago (Triapitsyn 2006a). NEARCTIC: Mexico, and USA (California, Florida, Texas) (Triapitsyn 2006a). Introduced into California against Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), initially from Tamaulipas, Mexico, and then from Texas and established there (Morgan et al. 2000; Morgan et al. 2002; Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002; Pilkington et al. 2005; Triapitsyn 2006a). Hosts. Homalodisca liturata Ball (under laboratory conditions and also likely in the field following introduction into southern California), H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. nigricans (Walker), Oncometopia sp., and Pseudometopia amblardii (Signoret) or P. phalaesia (Distant) (Cicadellidae) (Triapitsyn 2006a)., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 2456 on pages 222-224, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.894928, {"references":["Girault, A. A. (1916) New miscellaneous chalcidoid Hymenoptera with notes on described species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 9 (3), 291 - 308.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Mymaridae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 1, Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1022 - 1033.","De Santis, L. (1979) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Publicacion especial, Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 488 pp.","Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7, Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp.","De Santis, L. & Fidalgo, P. (1994) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Tercer suplemento (Insecta). Serie de la Academia Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria No. 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 154 pp.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Phillips, P. A. (2000) First host record of Gonatocerus triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with notes on the distribution of the host. Florida Entomologist, 83 (2), 200 - 203.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42.","Logarzo, G., Triapitsyn, S. V. & Jones, W. A. (2004 [2003]). New host records for two species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), in Peru. Florida Entomologist, 86 (4), 486 - 487.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 a) Determination of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg ages suitable for oviposition by Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Gonatocerus triguttatus, and Gonatocerus fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Biological Control, 32 (3), 391 - 400.","Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2005 b) The competitive ability of three mymarid egg parasitoids (Gonatocerus spp.) for glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) eggs. Biological Control, 34 (2), 204 - 214.","Irvin, N. A., Hoddle, M. S. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2006) Competition between Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus for glassy winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) egg masses. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16 (4), 359 - 373.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 a) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur from South America uncovers divergent clades: Prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: A prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Pilkington, L. J. & Hoddle, M. S. (2007 a) Use of life tables to quantify reproductive and developmental biology of Gonatocerus triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biological Control, 42 (1), 1 - 8.","Pilkington, L. J. & Hoddle, M. S. (2007 b) Predictions of invasion success of Gonatocerus triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in California using life table statistics and degree-day values. Biological Control, 42 (1), 9 - 15.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli: A biological control agent imported from the origin of the glassy winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 12 - 14, 2007, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Blincoe, P., West, D., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). PIP Printing and Document Services, Sacramento, California, pp. 81 - 85. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Morgan, D. J. W., Triapitsyn, S. V., Redak, R. A., Bezark, L. G. & Hoddle, M. S. (2000). Biological control of the glassywinged sharpshooter: current status and future potential. In: Hoddle, M. S. (Ed.), [Proceedings] California Conference on Biological Control II, held July 11 - 12, 2000 at the historic Mission Inn, Riverside, California, pp. 167 - 171.","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228."]}
Published: 2010
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35. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., and Aquino, Daniel A.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Gonatocerus morrilli, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli (Howard, 1908) (Figs 379–381) Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard 1908: 69. Lectotype female [USNM] (examined), designated by Huber 1988: 52. Type locality: Orlando, Orange Co., Florida, USA. Cosmocomoidea morilli [sic] Howard: Girault 1917b: 36 (specimens from Veracruz, Mexico). Ooctonus morrilli (Howard): Girault 1929: 21. Ooctonus morilli [sic] (Howard): Whittaker 1931: 192 (in key). ? Lymaenon morilli [sic] (Howard): Ogloblin 1936: 46. Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard: Peck 1951: 411 (catalog); Turner & Pollard 1959: 26 (host association); Peck 1963: 19 (catalog). Lymaenon (Cosmocomoidea) morrili [sic] (Howard): Ogloblin 1959b: 44, 50. Lymaenon (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli (Howard): Annecke & Doutt 1961: 14. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli (Howard): De Santis 1979: 367 (catalog). Gonatocerus morrilli (Howard): Huber 1988: 51–53 (subsequent references, redescription, diagnosis, distribution including Mexico, host associations); Yoshimoto 1990: 40 (list, ater species group); Triapitsyn et al. 1998: 241–243; Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002: 39–40 (distribution in Mexico, host associations); de León et al. 2004: 1–5 (molecular data on specimens from Texas); de León 2004a: 318–320 (molecular distinction between geographic populations); de León 2004b: 322–324 (molecular distinction between geographic populations); de León et al. 2005: 302– 304 (molecular distinction between cryptic species); Hoddle & Stouthamer 2005: 338–340 (molecular and morphological distinction between similar species); Hoddle & Triapitsyn 2005: 341–342 (quarantine cultures of Mexican origin); Triapitsyn et al. 2006: 63 (molecular data); Triapitsyn 2006a: 11 (illustration), 12–15 (taxonomic history, diagnosis, distribution, host associations); de León et al. 2006: 282–291 (molecular distinction between cryptic species); de León et al. 2006a: 42 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006c: 50 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006d: 54 (molecular data); de León et al. 2006e: 57–58 (molecular data); de León & Morgan 2006: 60–62 (molecular data); de León et al. 2007: 74 (molecular data); Bernal et al. 2007: 67–68 (record from Sonora, Mexico); de León & Morgan 2007: 81–84 (molecular identification); de León et al. 2008: 99, 102–105 (molecular data); Triapitsyn et al. 2008: 5, 22 (molecular data); Triapitsyn & Bernal 2009: 7 (host association in Sonora, Mexico). Material examined. See Triapitsyn (2006a). Extralimital record. USA. LOUISIANA, St. Tammany Parish, Covington, 14-28.vii.2003, M. Devall, N.M. Schiff [1 &female;, UCDC]. Redescription. See Huber (1988), and also Triapitsyn (2006a) for the detailed diagnosis. Diagnosis. Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) morrilli is a member of the morrilli subgroup of the ater species group. It belongs to a complex of similarly looking species within the morrilli subgroup, all of which have a mostly yellow-orange body and F5 and F6 of the female antenna white (F5 sometimes at least partially). It is very similar to G. (Cosmocomoidea) walkerjonesi Triapitsyn, from which it differs by the parallel submedian carinae on the propodeum, with a narrower gap between them (Fig. 380). The petiole is generally relatively longer in G. morrilli (usually at least 1.5x as long as wide) than in G. walkerjonesi (usually about as long as wide). Males of G. morrilli have the genital sternite with a relatively shorter apodeme, which is almost as long as the aedeagal apodemes. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL: Mexico (Triapitsyn 2006a). NEARCTIC: Mexico, and USA (Triapitsyn 2006a). Gonatocerus morrrilli was introduced into California from Texas and Tamaulipas, Mexico, against H. vitripennis (Morgan et al. 2002; Triapitsyn, Bezark et al. 2002; Pilkington et al. 2005); however, de León & Morgan (2005) reported that it was actually the similarly looking California native G. walkerjonesi that was released because of contamination of the cultures of the insectary-reared G. morrilli. Later, the true G. morrilli, of southern Texas origin, was released and established in California (de León & Morgan 2007). Hosts. Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. nigricans (Walker), O. sp. near nigricans (Walker), and other Oncometopia spp., also likely including O. orbona (Fabricius) (Cicadellidae) (Triapitsyn 2006a)., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 2456 on pages 183-184, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.894928, {"references":["Howard, L. O. (1908) A new genus and species of Mymaridae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 68 - 70.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Girault, A. A. (1917 b) Descriptiones Hymenopterorum Chalcidoidicorum cum observationibus. IV. The Entomologist, 50 (645), 36 - 38.","Girault, A. A. (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately printed, Brisbane, 29 pp.","Whittaker, O. (1931) Four new species of Mymaridae from British Columbia (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 33 (8), 189 - 192.","Ogloblin, A. A. (1936) Las especies nuevas o poco conocidas del genero Lymaenon (Hal.) Walk. (Gonatocerus (1) auct. nec Nees) de la Republica Argentina (Hym. Mymaridae). II. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 8, 33 - 56 [+ 4 plates on unnumbered pages].","Peck, O. (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 410 - 594.","Turner, W. F. & Pollard, H. N. (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. Technical Bulletin, United States Department of Agriculture, 1188, 1 - 28.","Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, Supplement, 30, 1 - 1092.","Ogloblin, A. A. (1959 b) Primera nota sobre los Mimarides de la Republica Ecuador (Mymaridae, Hymenopt.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 49, 43 - 62.","Annecke, D. P. & Doutt, R. L. (1961) The genera of the Mymaridae Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Entomological Memoirs, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, 5, 1 - 71.","De Santis, L. (1979) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Publicacion especial, Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 488 pp.","Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7, Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Mizell, III, R. F., Bossart, J. L. & Carlton, C. E. (1998) Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist, 81 (2), 241 - 243.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42.","de Leon, J. H. (2004 a) Molecular distinction between populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassywinged sharpshooter, from Texas and California. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S., Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 318 - 321. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","de Leon, J. H. (2004 b) Sequence divergence in two mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and in the ITS 2 RDNA fragment in geographic populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, a primary egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S., Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 322 - 325. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","Hoddle, M. S. & Stouthamer, R. (2005) Is the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus morrilli one species or a complex of closely related sibling species? In: Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 5 - 7, 2005, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 338 - 340. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / Research- Symposium / gw 2005 symp. htm.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 a) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur from South America uncovers divergent clades: Prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: A prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, November 27 - 29, 2006, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Tariq, M. A., Medeiros, R., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Bernal, J., Fu Castillo, A. & Rakitov, R. (2007) Importation of parasitoids of Homalodisca and other Proconiini genera from northwestern Mexico for biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 12 - 14, 2007, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Blincoe, P., West, D., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). PIP Printing and Document Services, Sacramento, California, pp. 67 - 69. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli: A biological control agent imported from the origin of the glassy winged sharpshooter. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 12 - 14, 2007, The Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (Esser, T., Chief Ed., compiled by Blincoe, P., West, D., Mochel, M. & Veling, S.). PIP Printing and Document Services, Sacramento, California, pp. 81 - 85. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / pdcp / Research _ Symposium _ Index. html.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Bernal, J. S. (2009) Egg parasitoids of Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in northwestern Mexico, with description of a new species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Insect Science, 9 (5), 1 - 9. Available online at http: // www. insectscience. org / 9.05 /.","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228."]}
Published: 2010
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36. Gonatocerus morrilli Howard 1908

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Gonatocerus morrilli, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus morrilli (Howard, 1908) (Figs 8, 9) Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard 1908: 69. Gonatocerus morrilli (Howard): Huber 1988: 51 ��53 (subsequent references, redescription, diagnosis, distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn et al. 1998: 241��243; Triapitsyn, Bezark and Morgan 2002: 39 ��40 (distribution in Mexico, host associations); de Le��n 2004 b: 318 ��320 (molecular distinction between geographic populations); de Le��n 2004 c: 322 ��324 (molecular distinction between geographic populations); de Le��n et al. 2005: 302��305 (molecular distinction between cryptic species); Hoddle and Stouthamer, 2005: 338 ��340 (molecular and morphological distinction between similar species). Type locality Orlando, Orange Co., Florida, USA. Material examined MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, Las Barracas, ca. 30 km E of Santiago, 27 �� 28 �� 20 ��N, 109 �� 27 �� 10 ��W: 30.iv�� 14.v. 1985, P. DeBach [3 females, UCRC]; 11��26.iv. 1986, P. DeBach [2 females, UCRC]. MORELOS, Tlayacapan, 29.x. 1982, J.T. Huber [1 female, UCRC]. NUEVO LE��N: Municipio Allende, Ra��ces, R��o Ramos, 9.vii. 1983, A. Gonz��lez��Hern��ndez, G. Gordh [5 females, UCRC]. Municipio El Carmen: El Carmen, 10.vii. 1983, A. Gonz��lez��Hern��ndez [6 females, 1 male, UCRC]; Hacienda Barnabe Villarreal, 10.viii. 1983, M.A. Rodr��guez��P��rez [1 male, UCRC]. SINALOA, 12 mi. N of Mazatl��n, 24.x. 1982, J.T. Huber [1 female, UCRC]. TAMAULIPAS: G��mez Far��as, 23 ��02�� 56 ��N, 99 ��09�� 24 ��W, 13��15.iii. 2003, S.V. Triapitsyn, E.Ya. Shouvakhina, S.N. Myartseva (ex.? Homalodisca sp. or? Oncometopia sp. on orange leaves) [1 female, 2 males, UCRC]. Llera de Canales, 23 �� 19.023 ��N, 99 ��01.510��W: 7.iii. 2005 (emerged 22.iii. 2005 in UCR quarantine), L. Pilkington (ex. Oncometopia sp. eggs on orange leaf) [1 female, UCRC]; 26.iii. 2005 (emerged 29��30.iii. 2005 in UCR quarantine), S.N. Myartseva, S.V. Triapitsyn (ex. Oncometopia sp. eggs on hibiscus leaf) [1 female, UCRC]. Municipio Hidalgo, near Ejido Benito Ju��rez, 24 ��01�� 20 ��N, 99 �� 16 ��08��W, Hotel Hacienda Santa Engracia, 12��14.iii. 2003, S.V. Triapitsyn, E.Ya. Shouvakhina, S.N. Myartseva (ex.? Homalodisca sp. or? Oncometopia sp. on citrus leaf) [1 female, UCRC]. Ca. 5 km N of Valle Hermoso, 10.iii. 2000, S.V. Triapitsyn (on hibiscus) [1 female, UCRC]. VERACRUZ, 85 km S of Veracruz, 31.vii. 1984, G. Gordh [1 female, UCRC]. USA. ARIZONA, Cochise Co., Texas Canyon Rd., 32 ��02�� 20 ��N, 110 ��05�� 40 ��W, 11.xii. 2001, A. Owen [1 female, UCRC]. CALIFORNIA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, 33 �� 39 ��N, 117 �� 13 ��W, 1800 �� el.: 8��13.viii. 1981, J.D. Pinto [1 female, UCRC]; 18��28.viii. 1981, J.D. Pinto [2 females, UCRC]. FLORIDA: Gadsden Co., Quincy, 29.vi. 2005, C. Tipping (from lab. colony on Oncometopia nigricans (Walker) eggs on bean leaves, emerged in UCR quarantine 8.vii. 2005) [5 females, 33 males, UCRC]; Jefferson Co., Monticello: 2.vii. 1997, S.V. Triapitsyn (on grapevine) [1 female, UCRC]; 24��25.vii. 2000, V.V. Berezovskiy, S.V. Triapitsyn [2 females, UCRC]; 25.vii. 2000, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged in UCR quarantine 2��4.viii. 2000 from an egg mass of H. coagulata; adult glassy��winged sharpshooters sleeved on crape myrtle 18.vii. 2000 by R. L��pez, then sleeve removed and host eggs exposed 21.vii. 2000) [2 females, UCRC]. Location not indicated, 31.viii. 1952, S. Flanders [1 female, UCRC]. LOUISIANA, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Michoud, 4.vii. 1934, H.L. Dozier [2 females, 1 male, USNM]. NORTH CAROLINA, Carteret Co., Morehead City, 20��27.viii. 2000, M. Wuenschel [1 female, UCRC]. TEXAS. Hidalgo Co: Elsa, 14.iv. 2000, W.C. Warfield (emerged 24.iv. 2000 in UCR quarantine ex. H. coagulata eggs in Sophora sp. leaves) [4 females, 1 male, UCRC]. Weslaco: 12.iii. 2001, W.C. Warfield (emerged 14.iii. 2001 in UCR quarantine ex. H. coagulata eggs in Sophora secundiflora leaves) [2 females, UCRC]; 21.iii. 2005, J.H. de Le��n et al. (from lab. colony on H. coagulata eggs) [3 females, 2 males, UCRC]. Diagnosis Very similar to G. walkerjonesi sp. n. described below. It differs by the parallel submedial carinae on the propodeum, with a narrower gap between them (Fig. 8). The petiole is generally relatively longer in G. morrilli (usually at least 1.5 x as long as wide) than in G. walkerjonesi (usually about as long as wide). Males have a relatively shorter apodeme of the genital sternite, which is almost as long as the aedeagal apodemes (Fig. 9). This species belongs to a complex of similarly looking species within the morrilli subgroup of Gonatocerus, all of which have a mostly yellow��orange body and F 5 and F 6 of the female antenna white (F 5 sometimes at least partially) (S. Triapitsyn in Hoddle and Stouthamer 2005). Using molecular methods, de Le��n (2004 b, 2004 c) and de Le��n et al. (2004, 2005) showed that the California (Orange and San Diego Counties) population of G. sp. near morrilli (i.e., G. walkerjonesi described in this communication) is significantly different genetically from the populations of G. morrilli from southern Texas and Florida. Specimens of G. morrilli from the Texas population are genetically identical to the specimens from Florida (de Le��n et al. 2004), from where this species was originally described. They are also identical morphologically. Distribution Mexico and USA (Arizona [new record], California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina [new record], Texas). Populations from Texas and Tamaulipas (Mexico) were supposedly introduced into California (Morgan et al. 2002; Triapitsyn, Bezark and Morgan 2002; Pilkington et al. 2005) although a later report (de Le��n and Morgan 2005) indicated that it was the California native ��California near morrilli species��) (i.e., G. walkerjonesi sp. n. described below) that actually had been released in California due to contamination of the cultures of the insectary��reared G. morrilli with this similarly looking species. Thus, the three females collected in Menifee Valley, Riverside Co., in 1981 seem to be the only specimens from California that at least morphologically can be tentatively identified as G. morrilli. Unfortunately, attempts to extract DNA from these old, drymounted specimens for sequencing failed (H. van Oosten, personal communication). The identity of the only other California native specimen, a female collected at UCR campus, in Riverside, in 1984 (Huber 1988), cannot be verified because it could not be located in CNCI (J.T. Huber, personal communication). Hosts Homalodisca coagulata (Say), H. liturata Ball, Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. nigricans (Walker), O. sp. near nigricans (Walker), and other Oncometopia spp., also likely including O. orbona (Fabricius)., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2006, A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1203 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172335, {"references":["Howard, L. O. (1908) A new genus and species of Mymaridae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 68 - 70.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42.","de Leon, J. H. (2004 b) Molecular distinction between populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, from Texas and California, pp. 318 - 321. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","de Leon, J. H. (2004 c) Sequence divergence in two mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and in the ITS 2 RDNA fragment in geographic populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, a primary egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, pp. 322 - 325. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / Research- Symposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","Hoddle, M. S. & Stouthamer, R. (2005) Is the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus morrilli one species or a complex of closely related sibling species?, pp. 338 - 340. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 5 - 7, 2005, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, P. Blincoe, M. Mochel, S. Oswalt & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 399 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2005 symp. htm.","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228."]}
Published: 2006
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37. Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault 1915

Author: Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Animalia, Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Biodiversity, Gonatocerus, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, 1915 (Figs 21��25) Gonatocerus dolichocerus var. ashmeadi Girault 1915: 8. Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault: Girault 1929: 25; Huber 1988: 53 ��55 (subsequent references, lectotype designation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn and Phillips 1996: 10; Triapitsyn et al. 1998: 241��242 (distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn, Bezark and Morgan 2002: 38 ��39 (distribution, host associations); Vickerman et al. 2004: 338 ��344 (biological, morphological, and molecular distinction between populations; distribution); de Le��n 2004 a: 314 ��317 (molecular distinction between populations); Hoddle and Triapitsyn 2004 b: 342 ��343 (distribution, host associations); de Le��n and Jones 2005: 1��7 (molecular distinction between populations); Triapitsyn et al. 2006: 60��62 (illustrations, comparison with G. u a t S. Triapitsyn). Type locality An unspecified locality in Texas, USA. Material examined EASTER ISLAND (CHILE). Rano��Kau, 1.iii. 2006, M. Beeche C. (ex. eggs of H. coagulata) [3 females, 1 male, UCRC]. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (USA, HAWAII). Oahu Island, Keehi Lagoon, 3.xii. 2004, R. Bautista (ex. eggs of H. coagulata on African tulip) [1 female, 3 males, CNCI]. MEXICO. TAMAULIPAS, Universidad Aut��noma de Tamaulipas campus, 25.iii. 2005 (emerged 1.iv. 2005 in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn (ex. egg mass of Oncometopia sp. on hibiscus leaf) [1 female, UCRC]. USA. CALIFORNIA: Riverside Co., Riverside, UCR campus, 23.vii. 1996, M. Grebus (ex. Homalodisca sp. eggs) [5 females, 5 males, UCRC]. Ventura Co., Fillmore: 12.vii. 2000, R. Fenton (ex. H. coagulata eggs on lemon leaves) [11 females, 4 males, UCRC]; 23.viii. 2000, R. Fenton (ex. H. coagulata eggs on lemon) [1 female, 1 male, UCRC]; 23.viii. 2000, R. Fenton (ex. H. coagulata eggs on Valencia orange) [6 females, 4 males, UCRC]. FLORIDA: Jefferson Co., Monticello, 25.vii. 2000, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged in UCR quarantine 2��4.viii. 2000 from an egg mass of H. coagulata; adult glassy��winged sharpshooters sleeved on crape myrtle 18.vii. 2000 by R. L��pez, then sleeve removed and host eggs exposed 21.vii. 2000) [7 females, UCRC]. GEORGIA: Houston Co., near Centerville, 32 �� 38 ��03.3��N, 83 �� 43 ��06.4��W, 131 m, 21.vi. 2004 (emerged 22��30.vi. 2004 in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn, T. Cottrell (ex. proconiine sharpshooter egg masses on grasses) [numerous females and males, UCRC]. Peach Co., Byron, 21��22.vi. 2004, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged 24.vi�� 6.vii. 2004 at UCR quarantine from eggs of H. coagulata and O. orbona on leaves of crape myrtle, magnolia, etc.) [numerous females and males, UCRC]. NORTH CAROLINA, Carteret Co., Morehead City, 20��27.viii. 2000, M. Wuenschel [3 females, UCRC]. SOUTH CAROLINA, Charleston Co., Charleston, 22��23.vi. 2004 (emerged 25��29.vi. 2004 in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn (ex. H. coagulata eggs on crape myrtle) [numerous females and males, UCRC]. Diagnosis The main distinguishing features of this species are as follows (mostly after Huber 1988). Body length (female) 1280��1760. Head and mesosoma generally dark brown, legs and gaster mostly yellow with brown bands on gastral terga; gaster may be almost completely dark brown in some males. Longitudinal sensilla present on F 2 ��F 8 of the female antenna; F 1 without sensilla (Fig. 21). Mesosomal sternum with a distinct, welldefined yellow streak between each fore and middle coxae (Fig. 22). Submedial carinae on the propodeum thick, distinct, reaching the dorsellum (Fig. 23). Forewing (Fig. 24) hyaline or at most with a faint uniform brown tinge; cubital row of microtrichia on forewing blade complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Habitus of the female is shown in Fig. 25. Gonatocerus ashmeadi is most closely related to G. uat S. Triapitsyn (Triapitsyn et al. 2006), from which it can be distinguished using the characters indicated in the key. Among the unrelated North American species of Gonatocerus, G. ashmeadi can be quite easily confused with another common and superficially very similarly looking (especially the coloration) species, G. dolichocerus Ashmead, which belongs to the bucculentus subgroup of the ater species group (Huber 1988). Besides the subspecies��group distinguishing features indicated in Huber��s (1988) key to the North American species of the ater species group of Gonatocerus, females of G. dolichocerus can be separated from those of G. ashmeadi by a relatively shorter F 1. I myself accidentally misidentified several specimens of G. dolichocerus as G. ashmeadi (Vickerman et al. 2004), with the following label data: USA: Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 2��4.iv. 2002, S.V. Triapitsyn [3 females, UCRC]; Missouri, St. Clair Co., Chapel View Prairie, 29.vi. 1999, M.W. Gates [1 female, UCRC]. Distribution Mexico (Nuevo Le��n and Tamaulipas) and USA (California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas); its occurrence in Alabama and southern Arkansas, although not documented, is also very likely. The southern and southeastern USA strains of G. ashmeadi were released in California against H. coagulata (Morgan et al. 2002; Pilkington et al. 2005). Self��introduced into Oahu Island, Hawaii (USA), where G. ashmeadi provides a good control of H. coagulata; intentionally and successfully introduced into Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, for biological control against H. coagulata (Mark S. Hoddle, personal communication). Self��introduced into Easter Island (Chile) (new record), probably from French Polynesia; specimens were sent to me for identification by Sandra Ide Mayorga (Santiago, Chile). Triapitsyn et al. (2006) provided label data for the specimens of G. ashmeadi from Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaii (USA) that were sequenced for the molecular comparison with the North American specimens of this species and also with G. u a t S. Triapitsyn. Hosts Cuerna costalis (Fabricius), Homalodisca coagulata (Say), H. liturata Ball, Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. orbona (Fabricius), and Oncometopia sp. Biological traits of G. ashmeadi are well known (Irvin and Hoddle 2004; 2005 a, b; Velema et al. 2005). Comments It can be supposed that G. ashmeadi might not be native to California; rather, it probably had accidentally introduced itself into California from somewhere in southern or southeastern USA long ago (before the 1980 s) and established there on eggs of H. liturata, the local proconiine sharpshooter. Following establishment of H. coagulata in southern and central California during the 1990 s, G. ashmeadi simply switched back to its natural host, providing good control of the summer brood of the glassy��winged sharpshooter. The molecular data reported by Vickerman et al. (2004) and de Le��n and Jones (2005) may support such an assumption., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2006, A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1203 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172335, {"references":["Girault, A. A. (1915 [1916]) Notes on North American Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae (Hym.). Entomological News, 27 (1), 4 - 8.","Girault, A. A. (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately printed, Brisbane, 29 pp.","Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Phillips, P. A. (1996) Egg parasitoid of glassy-winged sharpshooter. Citrograph, 81 (9), 10.","Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42.","Vickerman, D. B., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. & Stouthamer, R. (2004) Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biological Control, 31 (3), 338 - 345.","de Leon, J. H. (2004 a) Genetic differentiation among geographic populations of Gonatocerus ashmeadi, a primary egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, pp. 314 - 317. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","Hoddle, M. S. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2004 b) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of Glassywinged Sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA, pp. 342 - 344. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm.","Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228.","Velema, H. - P., Hemerik, L., Hoddle, M. S. & Luck, R. F. (2005) Brochosome influence on parasitisation efficiency of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg masses by Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Ecological Entomology, 30, 485 - 496."]}
Published: 2006
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38. Ecological Studies on Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Its Associated Natural Enemies on Mango Trees at Qaliobiya Governorate, Egypt.

Author: Marwa, E. S. Amer, Salem, M. A., Hanafy, M. E. H, and Ahmed, N.
Subjects: PLANT diseases, ORNAMENTAL plants
Abstract: Copyright of Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology is the property of Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2017
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39. Morphometric comparison between two populations of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from Algeria and Turkey

Author: K. Boudjemaa, I. Karaca, and M. Biche
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Aphelinidae, Ecology, Homoptera, Population, Parasitism, Biology, Diaspididae, biology.organism_classification, education, Aphytis melinus, Parasitoid, Aonidiella aurantii
Abstract: The size of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is the most reliable indicator in terms of host quality for Aphytis melinus (DeBach, 1959) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) as well as for the efficiency of its biological control. Our study consisted in comparing the cover and body size of each scale developmental stage belonging to two different populations: one from Algeria and the other one from Turkey. The two scale populations were taken from lemon trees during 3 months. We compared measurements between the two localities and also between the plant organs. The larger individuals were those from Algeria. The same results were confirmed through the plant substrate on which scale was fixed: this size variation observed is mainly explained by climatic variations between the two countries and its repercussions on phenology and metabolism of the host plant. In addition, a higher parasitism rate was noticed in the Algerian scale population compared to that of Turkey. Keywords: Aonidiella aurantii; Size of individuals; Algeria; Turkey; Aphytis melinus References Baker, J. L. (1976). Determinants of host selection for species of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasites of diaspine scales. Hilgardia, 44(1), 1-25. Biche, M., & Sellami, M. (1999). Etude de quelques variations biologiques possibles chez Parlatoria oleae (Colvee)(Homoptera, Diaspididae). Bulletin de la societe entomologique de France, 104(3), 287-292. Biche, M., Siafa, A., Adda, R., & Gherbi, R. (2012). Biologie de Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera, Diaspididae) sur citronnier dans la region de rouiba. Lebanese Science Journal, 13, 59-64. Desfilis, M. T. P. (2007). Control biologico del piojo rojo de California, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)(Hemiptera: Diaspididae) y estrategias reproductivas de su principal enemigo natural Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet)(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitat de Valencia). Forster, L. D., & Luck, R. F. (1996). The role of natural enemies of California red scale in an IPM program in California citrus. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 1, 12–17. InB. Godfray, H.C.J. (1994). Parasitoides: ecologie comportementale et evolutive (Vol. 67). Presses universitaires de Princeton. Hare, J. D., & Luck, R. F. (1994). Environmental variation in physical and chemical cues used by the parasitic wasp, Aphytis melinus, for host recognition. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72(2), 97-108. Hare, J. D., & Morgan, D. J. W. (2000). CHEMICAL CONSPICUOUSNESS OF AN HERBIVORE TO ITS NATURAL ENEMY: EFFECT OF Feeding Site Selection. Ecology, 81(2), 509-519. Hare, J. D., Millar, J. G., & Luck, R. F. (1993). A caffeic acid ester mediates host recognition by a parasitic wasp. Naturwissenschaften, 80(2), 92–94. Hare, J. D., Yu, D. S., & Luck, R. F. (1990). Variation in Life History Parameters of California Red Scale on Different Citrus Cultivars. Ecology, 71(4), 1451-1460. Karaca, ?. (1998). Parasitization efficacy of Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) as affected by host size and size distribution of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in a lemon orchard. Turkiye Entomol. Dergisi, 22, 101–108. Loussert, R. (1985). Les agrumes, vol. 1. Lavoisier, Paris, 113. Luck, R. F., & Podoler, H. (1985). Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size. Ecology, 66(3), 904-913. Opp, S. B., & Luck, R. F. (1986). Effects of Host Size on Selected Fitness Components of Aphytis melinus and A. lingnanensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 79(4), 700-704. Pekas, A. (2011). Factors affecting the biological control of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) by Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in eastern Spain citrus: host size, ant activity, and adult parasitoid food sources ((PhD Thesis). Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia (Spain). Pekas, A., Aguilar, A., Tena, A., & Garcia-Mari, F. (2010). Influence of host size on parasitism by Aphytis chrysomphali and A. melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Mediterranean populations of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Biological Control, 55(2), 132-140. Pekas, A., Tena, A., Harvey, J. A., Garcia-Mari, F., & Frago, E. (2016). Host size and spatiotemporal patterns mediate the coexistence of specialist parasitoids. Ecology, 97(5), 1345-1356. Tena, A. & Garcia-Mari, F. (2011). Situation actuelle des ravageurs et maladies des agrumes dans le bassin mediterraneen. IOBC Bull , 62 , 365-368. Yarpuzlu, F., Oztem?z, S., & Karacaoglu, M. (2008). Natural Enemies and Population Movement of the California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae) with Efficiency of Parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (How.)(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Lemon Orchards. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 10(1), 43-58. Yu, D. S. (1986). The interactions between California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), and its parasitoids in citrus groves of inland southern California (PhD Thesis). University of California, Riverside. Yu, D. S., & Luck, R. F. (1988). Temperature-dependent size and development of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its effect on host availability for the ectoparasitoid, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Environmental Entomology, 17(2), 154–161.
Published: 2020
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40. Application of Chemical Cues in Arthropod Pest Management for Orchards and Vineyards.

Published: 2013
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41. Chemical Ecology of Insect Parasitoids: Essential Elements for Developing Effective Biological Control Programmes.

Published: 2013
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42. References.

Subjects: SEXUAL Conflict (Book), SOCIAL Evolution in Ants (Book), GENES in Conflict: The Biology of Selfish Genetic Elements (Book)
Published: 2009

43. Susceptibility of larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Díptera: Culicidae) to entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae).

Author: PESCHIUTTA, María L., CAGNOLO, Susana R., and ALMIRÓN, Walter R.
Subjects: AEDES aegypti, INSECT nematodes, HETERORHABDITIS, BIOLOGICAL rhythms, MOSQUITO larvae, PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems
Abstract: Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina is the property of Sociedad Entomologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2014

44. Cues Triggering Mating and Host-Seeking Behavior in the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): Implications for Biological Control.

Author: BENELLI, GIOVANNI, MESSING, RUSSELL H., WRIGHT, MARK G., GIUNTI, GIULIA, KAVALLIERATOS, NICKOLAS G., and CANALE, ANGELO
Subjects: APHIDIUS, HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE, APHIDS, AGRICULTURAL ecology
Abstract: Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is a pan-tropical, broadly oligophagous, solitary endoparasitoid of many aphids of economic importance. Here, we review current knowledge about this important biological control agent, with a special focus on the physical and chemical cues triggering mating and host-seeking behavior. First, we focus on female-borne olfactory cues evoking courtship in A. colemani males, as well as on the relationship between male mating performance and quality of the host species. Second, we examine how A. colemani females forage for hosts and assess their suitability, using both aphid-borne kairomones and host-related physical cues. Third, we review A. colemani-based biological control approaches, outlining how knowledge of its reproductive behavioral ecology may enhance biological control of aphid pests. Concepts for future biocontrol programs are outlined, including 1) use of sex attractant dispensers for monitoring, 2) mass-rearing optimization based on knowledge of mate-finding strategies and sexually selected traits, 3) deployment of aphid-borne foraging kairomones as field lures to attract parasitoids into infested agro-ecosystems, 4) use of sensitization or associative learning practices to optimize efficacy of mass-reared wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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45. Molecular Survey for the Invasive Leafminer Pest Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in California Uncovers Only the Native Pest Liriomyza langei.

Author: Scheffer, Sonja J., Lewis, Matthew L., Gaimari, Stephen D., and Reitz, Stuart R.
Subjects: LEAFMINERS, INSECT pests, LIRIOMYZA, AGROMYZIDAE, DIPTERA
Abstract: Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is a highly destructive invasive leafminer pest currently causing extensive damage to vegetable and horticultural crops around the world. Liriomyza langei Frick is a leafminer pest native to California that cannot currently be morphologically distinguished from L. huidobrensis. We used a DNA-barcoding approach, a published PCR-RFLP method, and a new multiplex PCR method to analyze 664 flies matching the morphological description of huidobrensis-langei. We found no evidence for the presence of L. huidobrensis in our extensive samples from California. In addition to the new molecular method, this work is important because it provides definitive data that the California 'pea leafminer' is currently, and has probably always been, L. langei. These data will also be important in the event that the highly invasive L. huidobrensis ever becomes established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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46. Tracking the dispersion of Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from wild to cultivated grapevine: use of a novel mark–capture technique.

Author: Lessio, F., Tota, F., and Alma, A.
Subjects: TRACKING & trailing, SCAPHOIDEUS, LEAFHOPPERS, PEST control, GRAPES, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, REGRESSION analysis
Abstract: The dispersion of Scaphoideus titanus Ball adults from wild to cultivated grapevines was studied using a novel mark–capture technique. The crowns of wild grapevines located at a distance from vineyards ranging from 5 to 330 m were sprayed with a water solution of either cow milk (marker: casein) or chicken egg whites (marker: albumin) and insects captured in yellow sticky traps placed on the canopy of grapes were analyzed via an indirect ELISA for markers’ identification. Data were subject to exponential regression as a function of distance from wild grapevine, and to spatial interpolation (Inverse Distance Weighted and Kernel interpolation with barriers) using ArcGIS Desktop 10.1 software. The influence of rainfall and time elapsed after marking on markers’ effectiveness, and the different dispersion of males and females were studied with regression analyses. Of a total of 5417 insects analyzed, 43% were positive to egg; whereas 18% of 536 tested resulted marked with milk. No influence of rainfall or time elapsed was observed for egg, whereas milk was affected by time. Males and females showed no difference in dispersal. Marked adults decreased exponentially along with distance from wild grapevine and up to 80% of them were captured within 30 m. However, there was evidence of long-range dispersal up to 330 m. The interpolation maps showed a clear clustering of marked S. titanus close to the treated wild grapevine, and the pathways to the vineyards did not always seem to go along straight lines but mainly along ecological corridors. S. titanus adults are therefore capable of dispersing from wild to cultivated grapevine, and this may affect pest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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47. Maximum realised lifetime parasitism and occurrence of time limitation in Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) foraging in citrus orchards.

Author: Irvin, Nicola A., Suarez Espinosa, Javier, and Hoddle, Mark S.
Subjects: PARASITISM, HYMENOPTERA, MYMARIDAE, FORAGING behavior, INSECT behavior, ORCHARDS
Abstract: The relationship between body size (hind tibia length), <12 h egg load, wing wear and parasitoid age was used to estimate realised lifetime parasitism of recently deadGonatocerus ashmeadicollected in a citrus orchard. Under prevailing field conditions and methodology assumptions, it was estimated that femaleG. ashmeadilived on average for 183 ± 17 degree-days, parasitised a total of 87 ± 9Homalodisca vitripenniseggs, and died with 34 ± 5 eggs remaining in the ovaries. Only 17% of deadG. ashmeadidied with no mature eggs suggesting that 83% ofG. ashmeadiwere not egg limited at time of death. Estimates of realised lifetime parasitism for femaleG. ashmeadiunder prevailing field conditions in July and August in a southern California citrus orchard indicated that time of year had a significant effect on reproductive output. Additionally, liveG. ashmeadicaptured daily during June through August 2006 had body size, egg load and wing wear recorded to detect possible monthly changes in parasitoid age and egg load. ForagingG. ashmeadicaptured alive in June were older and oviposited more eggs in the field compared with August. Only 0.5% of liveG. ashmeadiwere captured with no mature eggs in their ovaries indicating that the vast majority of liveG. ashmeadiwere not egg limited. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 2014
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48. Cosmocomoidea incompta

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Cosmocomoidea incompta, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea incompta (Huber, 1988) Gonatocerus incomptus Huber, 1988: 78. Holotype &female; (USNM). TL: USA, California, Riverside Co., Riverside. Yoshimoto, 1990: 40 (list, species group placement); Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (phenology); Hoddle et al., 2001: 95 (survey); Morse, 2005: 370 (percent parasitism); Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Morse, 2006: 92 (percent parasitism); Triapitsyn, 2006: 5 (key), 30 (description, distribution, hosts); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 753 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 10 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (mention). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) incomptus: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key), 216 (distribution). Cosmocomoidea incompta: Huber, 2015a: 19 (generic transfer, list). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Cuerna costalis (Fabricius), Homalodisca liturata Ball, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Distribution. USA: CA, OR, TX., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on page 139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, 166 pp.","Hoddle, M. S., Phillips, P. & Triapitsyn, S. (2001) Survey of egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, p. 95.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2005) Preparing and submitting for publication a pictorial, annotated key to Gonatocerus species and other genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) - egg parasitoids of Homalodisca spp. and other proconiine sharpshooters in North America, with emphasis on the species native or introduced to California. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 392 - 394.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 e) The utility of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) in confirming species boundaries in the genus Gonatocerus: comparison to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene and taxonomic data: molecular key based on ITS 2 sizes. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 56 - 59.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 b) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): a biological control agent for Homalodisca vitripennis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (5), 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [749: EOMMFD] 2.0. CO; 2","Cooksey, D. A. (2011) Development of effective monitoring techniques for sharpshooters and their parasitoids. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 13 - 15 December 2011, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 25 - 27.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2012 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M University in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Pierce's Disease Research Progress Reports, December 2012. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 8 - 11.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 c) A new species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Tahiti, with notes on egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in the world. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research, 62 (4), 289 - 299.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.","Huber, J. T. (2015 a) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1"]}
Published: 2020
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49. Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi, Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi (Girault, 1915) Gonatocerus dolichocerus var. ashmeadi Girault, 1915 [261]: 8. Lectotype &female; (USNM), designated by Huber, 1988: 53. TL: USA, Texas, no locality specified. Ooctonus homalodiscae Ashmead (nomen nudum according to Girault, 1911 [96]: 324); Sanderson, 1906: 51, nomen nudum (economics, host, distribution); Girault, 1907 [27]: 31 (host, citation of nomen nudum). Oöctonus [sic] homalodiscae: Girault, 1911 [87]: 149 (host). Nomen nudum. Ooctonus homolodiscae [sic]: Girault, 1911 [96]: 316, 324. Nomen nudum. Gonatocerus ashmeadi: Girault, 1929 [428]: 25 (key, given species status); Peck, 1951: 411 (generic transfer); Fattig, 1955: 10 (host, distribution); Burks, 1967: 214 (catalogue, distribution); Herting, 1972: 13, 14 (host catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1025 (catalogue); Huber, 1988: 53 (description); Yoshimoto, 1990: 39 (list, species group placement); De Santis & Fidalgo, 1994: 124 (catalogue) [NT]; Triapitsyn & Phillips, 1996: 10 (host); Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (hosts, distribution); Triapitsyn & Phillips, 2000: 200 (percent parasitism); Daane, 2001: 17 (percent parasitism); Grafton-Cardwell & Kallsen, 2001: 32 (density in orchards); Grafton-Cardwell & Haines, 2001: 36 (insecticide toxicity); Hoddle et al., 2001: 95 (species survey in California); Irvin & Hoddle, 2001: 135 (host age preference and susceptibility); Leopold, 2001: 42 (cold storage); Leopold & Yocum, 2001: 65 (cold storage); Mizell III, 2001: 52 (egg age susceptibility); Mizell III & Andersen, 2001: 81 (host plant/natural enemy interaction); Redak, 2001: 71 (mention); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2001: 133 (survey); Daane & Johnson, 2002: 100 (percent parasitism); Hoddle, 2002: 86 (interspecific competition); Hoddle & Stouthamer, 2002: 93 (cryptic species complex?); Jones, 2002: 88 (parasitism rates); Lauzière et al., 2002: 81 (biological control); Leopold & Yocum, 2002: 91 (cold storage development); Mizell III & Andersen, 2002: 109 (mention); Triapitsyn, 2002d: 91 (mention); Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2002: 94 (survey); Triapitsyn et al., 2002: 654 (host); Daane & Johnson, 2003: 248 (percent parasitism); Hoddle, 2003a: 250 (interspecific competition); Hoddle, 2003b: 255 (distribution); Hoddle & Stouthamer, 2003: 257 (morphology, molecular differences); Leopold, 2003a: 221 (cold storage); Leopold, 2003b: 225 (host age preference, behavior, fecundity); Luck et al., 2003: 265 (olfactory behavior); Mizell III & Andersen, 2003: 271 (host plant/natural enemy interaction); Coudron & Goodman, 2004: 304 (artificial diet and ovipositional substrates); Daane & Johnson, 2004: 95 (percent parasitism, phenology); Daane et al., 2004: 102 (host plant influence); de León, 2004a: 309 (intraspecific genetic differences); de León, 2004b: 314 (genetic differentiation); Hoddle, 2004a: 111 (possible non-target impact); Hoddle, 2004b: 334 (lifetime parasitism, brochosomes); Hoddle, 2004c: 336 (reproductive, developmental biology); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2004a: 339 (mention); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2004b: 342 (quarantine colony); Irvin & Hoddle, 2004: 505 (oviposition preference); Leopold, 2004a: 124 (cold storage effects); Leopold, 2004b: 128 (functional response, superparasitism); López et al., 2004: 214 (overwintering biology, percent parasitism); Morse, 2004: 365 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2004: 133 (biology, phenology); Tipping, 2004: 153 (overwintering biology); Toscano et al., 2004: 378 (insecticide compatibility); Vickerman et al., 2004: 338 (morphology, DNA); Daane & Johnson, 2005: 97 (parasitism rate); de León, 2005: 299 (DNA fingerprinting); de León & Jones, 2005: 1 (genetic differentiation); de León et al., 2005: 302 (cryptic species complex); Groves & Johnson, 2005: 106 (host selection behavior); Hoddle, 2005a: 330 (lifetime parasitism); Hoddle, 2005b: 330 (reproduction and development); Hoddle & Boyd, 2005: 325 (hosts, choice/no choice tests); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005a: 205 (competitive ability); Irvin & Hoddle, 2005b: 392 (host suitability); Leopold, 2005a: 349 (temperature influence); Leopold, 2005b: 354 (refrigerated storage); Morse, 2005: 92 (percent parasitism); Morse, 2005: 370 (percent parasitism); Pilkington et al., 2005: 224 (biological control); Toscano et al., 2005: 389 (insecticide compatibility); Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key); Velema et al., 2005: 486 (brochosome influence); Byrne & Toscano, 2006: 197 (detection by electrophoresis); Chen et al., 2006a: 120 (functional response and superparasitism); Chen et al., 2006b: 1178 (temperature effect); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Grandgirard et al., 2006: 436 (biological control possibility) [A]; Groves & Johnson, 2006: 9 (host selection behavior); Hoddle, 2006a: 73 (mention); Hoddle, 2006b: 80 (egg load estimate); Hoddle & Boyd, 2006: 88 (non-target impact); Irvin & Hoddle, 2006: 162 (intraspecific competition); Irvin et al., 2006: 360 (interspecific competition); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2006a: 266 (reproduction, development); Pilkington & Hoddle, 2006b: 276 (life table, degree days); Toscano & Morse, 2006: 107 (insecticide compatibility); Triapitsyn, 2006: 6 (key), 24 (distribution, description, hosts); Boyd & Hoddle, 2007: 57 (host specificity testing); Boyd et al., 2007: 179 (rearing technique); Byrne & Toscano, 2007a: 70 (insecticide impact); Byrne & Toscano, 2007b: 132 (insecticide toxicity); Chen & Leopold, 2007: 685 (progeny quality on stored eggs); de León & Morgan, 2007b: 753 (molecular markers); de León et al., 2007a: 77 (molecular markers); Grandgirard et al., 2007a: 810 (pre-introductory assessment)[A]; Hoddle & Irvin, 2007: 90 (competitive ability); Irvin & Hoddle, 2007: 81 (fitness enhancement); Irvin et al., 2007: 70 (dietary supplements); Krugner et al., 2007: 39 (response to volatile cues); Lauzière & Elzen, 2007: 12 (insecticide effects); Leopold, 2007: 42 (cold storage effects); Petit et al., 2007: 956 (release in Tahiti) [A]; Prabhaker et al., 2007: 1055 (insecticide toxicity); Chen et al., 2008a: 1760 (cold storage effects); Chen et al., 2008b: 122 (cold storage effects); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Grandgirard et al., 2008a: 136 (biological control success) [A]; Grandgirard et al., 2008b: 101 (biological control, distribution) [A]; Gunawardana et al., 2008: 13 (biocontrol in Cook Islands) [A]; Hoddle, 2008b: 66 (lab. competition with G. tuberculifemur); Hoddle, 2008a: 63 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2008b: 66 (relative parasitism rate); Irvin & Hoddle, 2008: 125 (egg maturation, wing wear); Krugner et al., 2008a: 9 (olfactory response); Leopold, 2008: 35 (cold storage); Petit et al., 2008: 345 (dispersal, establishment) [A]; Williams III & Hendrix, 2008: 26 (fitness compared to A. iole); Grandgirard et al., 2009: 99 (biological control) [A]; Hoddle, 2009: 19 (relative abundance); Irvin et al., 2009: 1635 (functional response); Petit et al., 2009: 486 (long-distance dispersal) [A]; Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control in California); Irvin & Hoddle, 2010: 187 (competitive ability in laboratory); Mills, 2010: 394 (biological control success) [A]; Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 98 (key), 107 (distribution, hosts) [NT]; Colinet & Boivin, 2011: 91 (cold storage); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Gutierrez et al., 2011: 757 (biological control); Irvin & Hoddle, 2011: 840 (competitive ability in laboratory); Vilhelmsen, 2011: 346 (Morphbank image examined); Charles, 2012: 620 (non-target impact assessment) [A]; Irvin et al., 2012: 2 (marking for dispersal monitoring); Krugner et al., 2012: 1280 (dispersal); Rathé et al., 2012: 216 (management option); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 10 (biological control, vouchers); Charles & Logan, 2013: 73 (predicted distribution) [A]; Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (mention); Irvin et al., 2014a: 11 (enhanced survival); Irvin et al., 2014b: 662 (lifetime fecundity); Krugner et al., 2014: 24 (plant volatile attraction); Rathé et al., 2014: 5 (parasitism on Australian host plants); Boivin & Ellers, 2016: 164 (ovigeny index). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ashmeadi: Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key, 214 (distribution). Lymaenon ashmeadi: Burks, 1958: 63 (generic transfer); Turner & Pollard, 1959: 26 (hosts, distribution); Peck, 1963: 21 (catalogue). Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi: Huber, 2015a: 17 (generic transfer, list); Van Driesche et al., 2018: 26 (biological control). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Cuerna costalis (Fabricius), Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar), Oncometopia clarior (Walker), O. orbona Fabricius. Distribution. USA: CA, GA, LA, MS, TX., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references": ["Sanderson, E. D. (1906) Report on miscellaneous cotton insects in Texas. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin, 57, 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109972", "Girault, A. A. (1907 [27]) Hosts of insect egg-parasites in North and South America. Psyche, 14, 27 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1907 / 52586", "Peck, O. (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico-synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, 2, pp. 410 - 594.", "Fattig, P. W. (1955) The Cicadellidae or leafhoppers of Georgia. Emory University Museum Bulletin, 11, 1 - 68.", "Burks, B. D. (1967) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein, K. V. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, No. 2. (Supplement 2), pp. 213 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63670", "Herting, B. (1972) Homoptera. 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(2001) Evaluation of efficacy of Sevin \u00ae treatments in Porterville GWSS infestation. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. and Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 35 - 36.", "Hoddle, M. S., Phillips, P. & Triapitsyn, S. (2001) Survey of egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, p. 95.", "Irvin, N. A. & Hoddle, M. S. (2001) Egg age preference and \" window of susceptibility \" of Homalodisca coagulata eggs to attack by Gonatocerus ashmeadi and G. triguttatus. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. 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Published: 2020
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50. Cosmocomoidea novifasciata

Author: Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D., and Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Subjects: Insecta, Arthropoda, Mymaridae, Cosmocomoidea, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cosmocomoidea novifasciata, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cosmocomoidea novifasciata (Girault, 1911) Gonatocerus novifasciatus Girault, 1911 [96]: 266. Holotype &female; (USNM). TL: USA, Tennessee, no locality specified. Girault, 1916 [300]: 112 (description, distribution); Girault, 1929 [428]: 24 (key); Peck, 1951: 412 (catalogue); Burks, 1967: 214 (catalogue, distribution); Herting, 1972: 14 (host catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1026 (catalogue); Huber, 1988: 63 (description); Yoshimoto, 1990: 41 (list, species group placement); De Santis & Fidalgo, 1994: 125 (catalogue) [NT]; Triapitsyn et al., 1998: 241 (host); Hoddle et al., 2001: 95 (survey); Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2004b: 342 (distribution); Morse, 2004: 365 (percent parasitism); Morse, 2005: 370 (percent parasitism); Triapitsyn, 2005: 393 (key); de León et al., 2006b: 42 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006d: 54 (molecular phylogram); de León et al., 2006e: 57 (molecular species boundaries); Morse, 2006: 92 (percent parasitism); Triapitsyn, 2006: 6 (key), 28 (description, distribution, hosts); Bernal et al., 2007: 68 (Mexico) [NT]; de León & Morgan, 2007b: 253 (molecular markers); Prabhaker et al., 2007: 1055 (insecticide toxicity); de León et al., 2008a: 99 (barcode); Hoddle, 2008a: 63 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2009: 19 (relative abundance); Hoddle, 2010: 16 (biological control in California); Cooksey, 2011: 27 (molecular identification); Triapitsyn, 2012b: 10 (biological control, vouchers); Triapitsyn, 2013c: 293 (mention); Triapitsyn & Shih, 2014: 675 (host). Gonatocerus novofasciatus [sic]: Hoddle, 2006a: 73 (parasitism rate). Ooctonus novifasciatus: Fattig, 1955: 10 (host, distribution). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) novifasciatus: Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 200 (distribution); Triapitsyn, 2013b: 213 (key). Lymaenon novifasciatus: Burks, 1958: 63 (generic transfer); Turner & Pollard, 1959: 26 (host, distribution); Peck, 1963: 24 (catalogue). Cosmocomoidea novifasciata: Huber, 2015a: 21 (generic transfer, list). Nearctic hosts. Cicadellidae: Graphocephala coccinea (Förster), G. versuta (Say), Homalodisca liturata Ball, H. vitripennis (Germar). Distribution. Canada: NS. USA: AR, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NY, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["Peck, O. (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico-synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, 2, pp. 410 - 594.","Burks, B. D. (1967) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein, K. V. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, No. 2. (Supplement 2), pp. 213 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63670","Herting, B. (1972) Homoptera. In: A catalogue of parasites and predators of terrestrial arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey / Enemy. Vol. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, 210 pp.","Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Mymaridae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1022 - 1033.","Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, 166 pp.","De Santis, L. & Fidalgo, P. (1994) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos. Tercer suplemento (Insecta). Serie de la Academia Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria, 13. 1 - 154.","Hoddle, M. S., Phillips, P. & Triapitsyn, S. (2001) Survey of egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings, 2001 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2001. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, p. 95.","Hoddle, M. S. & Triapitsyn, S. (2004 b) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 342 - 344.","Morse, J. G. (2004) Seasonal population dynamics of glassy-winged sharpshooter egg parasitoids: variability across sites and host plants. In: Tariq, M. A., Oswalt, S. Blincoe, P., Ba, A., Lorick, T. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, 7 - 10 December 2004. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 365 - 366.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2005) Preparing and submitting for publication a pictorial, annotated key to Gonatocerus species and other genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) - egg parasitoids of Homalodisca spp. and other proconiine sharpshooters in North America, with emphasis on the species native or introduced to California. In: Tariq, M. A., Blincoe, P., Mochel, M., Oswalt, S. & Esser, T. (Compilers), Proceedings of the 2005 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina, San Diego, 5 - 7 December 2005. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 392 - 394.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 b) Genetic characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) from South America uncovers divergent clades: prospective egg parasitoid candidate agent for the glassy-winged sharp- shooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 40 - 43.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 d) Genetic studies of Gonatocerus metanotalis populations from Argentina uncover divergent clades: a prospective egg parasitoid agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 27 - 29 November 2006, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 52 - 55.","de Leon, J. H., Logarzo, G. A. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2006 e) The utility of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) in confirming species boundaries in the genus Gonatocerus: comparison to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene and taxonomic data: molecular key based on ITS 2 sizes. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 56 - 59.","Bernal, J., Castillo, A. F. & Rakitov, R. (2007) Importation of parasitoids of Homalodisca and other Proconiini genera from northwestern Mexico for biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2007 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 12 - 14 December 2007. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 67 - 69.","de Leon, J. H. & Morgan, D. J. W. (2007 b) Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): a biological control agent for Homalodisca vitripennis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (5), 749 - 757. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [749: EOMMFD] 2.0. CO; 2","Prabhaker, N., Morse, J. G., Castle, S. J., Naranjo, S. E., Henneberry, T. J. & Toscano, N. C. (2007) Toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four insect parasitoids attacking citrus and cotton pests. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), 1053 - 1061. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 100.4.1053","Hoddle, M. S. (2008 a) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies for glassy-winged sharpshooter in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2008 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Camp Quarter Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2008. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp 63 - 65.","Hoddle, M. S. (2009) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies for GWSS in an organic lemon orchard. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Doubletree Hotel, Sacramento, 9 - 11 December 2009. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 19.","Hoddle, M. S. (2010) Are natural enemies controlling glassy-winged sharpshooter populations in southern California? In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2010 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Manchester Grant Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, 15 - 17 December 2010. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 16 - 19.","Cooksey, D. A. (2011) Development of effective monitoring techniques for sharpshooters and their parasitoids. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2011 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, 13 - 15 December 2011, Sheraton Grand Sacramento Hotel. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 25 - 27.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2012 b) Vouchering specimens of egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter collected by the CDFA Pierce's Disease biological control program in California and Texas A & M University in Texas. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Pierce's Disease Research Progress Reports, December 2012. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 8 - 11.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 c) A new species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Tahiti, with notes on egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in the world. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research, 62 (4), 289 - 299.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Shih, H. - T. (2014) Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) of Kolla paulula (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Taiwan. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 17, 673 - 678. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2014.06.010","Hoddle, M. S. (2006 a) Are glassy-winged sharpshooter populations regulated in California? Long-term phenological studies and construction of multi-cohort life tables for the glassy-winged sharpshooter in citrus orchards. In: Esser, T. (Chief Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, Westin Horton Plaza Hotel, San Diego, 27 - 29 November 2006. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, pp. 73 - 75.","Fattig, P. W. (1955) The Cicadellidae or leafhoppers of Georgia. Emory University Museum Bulletin, 11, 1 - 68.","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2013 b) Genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Nearctic region: taxonomic notes and descriptions of three new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 211 - 222.","Burks, B. D. (1958) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein, K. V. (Ed.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph, No. 2. (Supplement 1), pp. 62 - 84.","Turner, W. F. & Pollard, H. N. (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1188, 1 - 28.","Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 30, 1 - 1092.","Huber, J. T. (2015 a) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1"]}
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