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This book publishes - for the most part, for the first time - Gandhi's letters to his youngest son, Devadas from 1914, when father and son were both in South Africa to 1948, when they were both in Delhi, the capital of free India where within hours of the last letter Gandhi was assassinated. Gandhi wrote these letters by day, he wrote them by night, he wrote them from aboard trains, steamers, both right and left hands being pressed into service to rest one when tired out. The letters span three decades during which the writer grew from being a fighter for the rights of Indians in South Africa to being hailed as Father of the Nation by millions in India and - opposed by many as well including the man who felled him by three bullets fired at point blank range on 30 January, 1948. The letters hold his aspirations for his son and for his nation. They bear great love and they also scorch. And we see Devadas, the recipient of the letters, move in them from compliant childhood and youth, to adulthood, questioning and remonstrating with his father and being just the independent son his father wants him to be.

The French were the archenemies of the British and her American colonies, particularly after the French and Indian War which was begun by George Washington. So, why did America look to the French as their principal ally in the American Revolution and why did General George Washington choose a Frenchman as his chief engineer? This biography of Louis Duportail, founder and first Commandant of the Army Corps of Engineers, begins by exploring those questions. It then explores the life of this man, who is virtually unknown in America and less known in his native France.This is an unique biography about an overlooked, even obscure, French officer that was instrumental in the American cause for independence. As a complete biography, it covers his return to France and his service in the French army. Cementing his role in the seminal events of the era, readers will also learn of his problems under the Reign of Terror and his escape to the United States where he purchased a quite farm near Valley Forge. It concludes with his unusual death at sea and the problems of settling his estate. Duportail died in the greatest anonymity, in the greatest indifference, without earthly burial, without military honors, a dedicated monument to his glory in service to France or the United States, and without intervention of his brothers in arms to honor and recall his memory.

Brighton, Angleterre, 1856. Pour Devin Bennett, notaire débutant, rien n'est plus important que de faire avancer sa carrière. L'amour et le futur ne font pas partie de ses préoccupations quotidiennes. Puis, il rencontre Harry. Femme de chambre et chaperonne de la fille du client de Devin, Harry est intelligente, captivante et occupe les pensées du jeune homme jour et nuit. Mais Devin sait qu'Harry lui cache quelque chose, un secret qui pourrait les séparer et envoyer Harry à l'autre bout du monde...

Frederick Rieländer befasst sich mit der gegenseitigen Belastungsfähigkeit beschränkter dinglicher Rechte an beweglichen Sachen, Grundstücken und Rechten aus der rechtsvergleichenden Perspektive Deutschlands und Englands. Er bindet seine dogmatische Studie in das übergreifende Generalthema der Mobilisierung unkörperlicher Vermögensgegenstände für den nationalen und internationalen Geschäftsverkehr ein. Es geht sowohl um die Übertragbarkeit als auch um die Belastbarkeit von Sicherungs-, Erwerbs- und Nutzungsrechten, (Grund-)Pfandrechten, Nießbrauch und Dienstbarkeiten, Reallasten, mortgages, pledges, rentcharges, leasehold estates und trusts. Der Autor unterscheidet zwischen innerartlichen und zwischenartlichen Belastungen und entwickelt eine Theorie des'Rechts der Rechte an Rechten'; damit löst er zugleich elementare Fragen der Kreditsicherung im Rahmen der Verpfändung, Pfändung und Sicherungsübertragung von Hypotheken und Grundschulden. Zugleich lotet er das Optimierungspotential des geltenden deutschen Rechts aus, analysiert insbesondere Tragweite und Implikationen der möglichen Rezeption des leasehold estate und des trust.

Following an assassination attempt on George III in 1800, new legislation significantly altered the way the criminally insane were treated by the judicial system in Britain. This book explores these changes and explains the rationale for purpose-built criminal lunatic asylums in the Victorian era.Specific case studies are used to illustrate and describe some of the earliest patients at Broadmoor Hospital the Criminal Lunatic Asylum for England and Wales and the Criminal Lunatic Department at Perth Prison in Scotland. Chapters examine the mental and social problems that led to crime alongside individuals considered to be weak-minded, imbeciles or idiots. Family murders are explored as well as individuals who killed for gain. An examination of psychiatric evidence is provided to illustrate how often an insanity defence was used in court and the outcome if the judge and jury did not believe these claims. Two cases are discussed where medical experts gave evidence that individuals were mentally irresponsible for their crimes but they were led to the gallows.Written by genealogists and historians, this book examines and identifies individuals who committed heinous crimes and researches the impact crime had on themselves, their families and their victims.

This outstanding text provides students with the essential foundation in the historical geography of the United States. Distinguished scholar Richard L. Nostrand skillfully synthesizes decades of historical geography research in an engaging and thought-provoking overview. His regional geography framework emphasizes the three themes central to cultural geography—cultural ecology, cultural diffusion, and cultural landscape—to explain the formation and change of culture regions in the United States. He shows convincingly that regions are a valuable pedagogical device for developing students'understanding of place and context.

This three-volume set presents fundamental information about the most important events in world religious history as well as substantive discussions of their significance and impact.This work offers readers a broad and thorough look at the greatest events in world religious history, covering a wide range of religions, time periods, and areas around the globe. The entries present authoritative information and informed viewpoints written by expert contributors that enable readers to easily learn about the chief events in religious history, help them to better understand the course of world history, and promote a greater respect for culturally diverse religious traditions. The first of the three volumes covers religion from the preliterary world through around AD 600; the second, the post-classical era from 600 to 1450; and the third, the modern era from 1450 to the present. Each volume begins with a substantive introduction that discusses the history of world religions during the period covered by the volume. The chronologically ordered entries overview each event, place it in historical context, and identify the reasons for its enduring significance.

Der Autor erläutert finanzwissenschaftlich die Funktion des Hochfrequenzhandels und beweist juristisch, dass dieser keine Gefahr für die Finanzmärkte der USA und EU darstellt. Er stellt dar, wie Erkenntnisse in der Finanzmathematik, Technologiefortschritte und Regulierungsmaßnahmen zur Wettbewerbsförderung den Hochfrequenzhandel entstehen ließen. Darauf aufbauend analysiert er, ob der Hochfrequenzhandel die Finanzmarktstabilität gefährdet und ob er dem Manipulations- oder Insiderhandelsverbot unterliegt. Dieses Buch zeigt auf, dass der Hochfrequenzhandel klassische Finanzintermediationsgeschäfte betreibt, keine Gefahren unmittelbar verursacht und fälschlicherweise mit Problemen assoziiert wird, die auf der Marktfragmentierung beruhen.

Citizens of the World investigates an area of eighteenth-century cultural, intellectual, and day-to-day life that many have seen but few have explored: adaptation. Throughout the long eighteenth century, adaptation happened repeatedly and in diverse forms: in the experience of travelers, merchants, and expatriates who made their way in foreign lands; in the adjustment of ancient literary norms to modern themes, concerns, and expectations; in the development of scientific apparatus for the probing of newly-discovered phenomena; in translating; in the adjusting of familiar architecture for new environments; in speculating about and making provision for the future reception of contemporary works; in the tempering and symphonizing of musical instruments; and in dozens of other no less important ways. The eight essays in this book, composed by scholars from Europe, Asia, and North America, provide the first panoramic view of adaptation during the Enlightenment. Essays delve into such diverse forms of adaptation as the representation of cultural interchange on porcelain serving pieces; the attempt to come to terms with the demands of air travel through the often cumbersome technology of ballooning; the relevance of the English Enlightenment to present-day Caribbean literature; piracy as a form of recalibration; Vietnamese verse; Georgic envisioning of ecological stability; and the uncanny interactions of French provincial architecture with both eighteenth-century dwellers and their descendants. Cumulatively, the essays illuminate the process by which eighteenth-century thinkers, artists, and adventurers elevated adaptation from a mere necessity to a stimulating, happily unending cultural project.

Winner of the 2016 New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance Authors Award for the Edited Works Category Battles were fought in many colonies during the American Revolution, but New Jersey was home to more sustained and intense fighting over a longer period of time. The nine essays in The American Revolution in New Jersey, depict the many challenges New Jersey residents faced at the intersection of the front lines and the home front. Unlike other colonies, New Jersey had significant economic power in part because of its location between the major ports of New York and Philadelphia. New people and new ideas arriving in the colony fostered tensions between Loyalists and Patriots that were at the core of the Revolution. Enlightenment thinking shaped the minds of New Jersey's settlers as they began to question the meaning of freedom in the colony. Yeoman farmers demanded ownership of the land they worked on and members of the growing Quaker denomination decried the evils of slavery and spearheaded the abolitionist movement in the state. When larger portions of New Jersey were occupied by British forces early in the war, the unity of the state was crippled, pitting neighbor against neighbor for seven years. The essays in this collection identify and explore the interconnections between the events on the battlefield and the daily lives of ordinary colonists during the Revolution. Using a wide historical lens, the contributors to The American Revolution in New Jersey capture the decades before and after the conflict as they interpret the causes of the war and the consequences of New Jersey's reaction to the Revolution.

Between 1869 and 2003, The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (abbreviated as the HMC) was an organisation with the task to make enquiry as to the places where manuscripts and private papers of historical interest were located and to report on their contents'. This commission meant that the HMC created detailed catalogues

Volume 1 of 2. An excellent research tool which lists 6586 former IMS personnel, giving details of their services, honours and awards, campaign medal entitlements, etc. This very large book also contains interesting information concerning Indian Medical Colleges and places of instruction. A primary source, by the same author who wrote the preceding entry, containing a huge amount of biographical detail which could be obtained from other sources only with great difficulty.

American military history began with the establishment of the Virginia colonial militia in the seventeenth century. Although ill-trained, it was the colony's only defense against Indian attacks and invasion by hostile powers. The records left are fragmentary and scattered, and it has always been hard to locate them and make them accessible. With the publication of this work that problem is now behind us. From research based on county court minutes and orders, bounty land applications and warrants, records of courts martial, county militia rosters, Hening's Statutes at Large, the Draper manuscripts, and manuscripts in the Public Record Office in London, we now have an authoritative register of Virginia's colonial soldiers. And it is not merely a dry catalogue of names and dates, for included are the military's'size'rolls which routinely give the soldier's place of birth, age, residence, occupation, and physical description. And sometimes this was made even more informative when the enlisting officer recorded his impressions of the soldier!

A classic, the baby name countdown (over 120,000 copies sold) is now fully revised and updated for the first time in a decade. Featuring more names than any other guide and based on more than 2.5 million birth records, the book includes brand-new data, a new introduction, a revised section on the most popular baby names of the past year and decade, and updated popularity ratings throughout. Discover at a glance the most popular given names from each decade of the 20th and 21st centuries, meanings and origins of the 3,000 top names, and thousands of rare and exotic monikers. Whether your taste in names is trendy, traditional, or international, The Baby Name Countdown is the ideal resource for every parent searching for the perfect name.

Now in paperback! From the author of the Navy SEALs Oral History series-an intimate look at the world's most efficient and deadly warriors. Snipers have a rich history. This fascinating book follows their tasks and techniques from the Revolutionary and Civil Wars through both World Wars, to the Korean War and Vietnam-the genesis of modern sniping-to the current conflicts in the Middle East. Also, readers will see how sniping has evolved on the civilian side in law enforcement. Readers will learn about the tools of the trade, but most importantly, they will hear from the experts themselves: military snipers, as well as civilian police and SWAT snipers. Capturing the suspense and action of the hunt, the words of these men draw readers into the close-knit, little-known world of men who need only one bullet to get the job done.

Following the Battle of Long Island (August 27, 1776), more than 5,000 refugees fled Long Island and New York City for the security of Connecticut. The account of their flight and subsequent adventures, their biographies and genealogies, and the history of New York in the Revolution form the main subject of this giant work.

This encyclopedia offers an A–Z retrospective of George Washington's life, career, and historical significance, based in large part on Washington's own words and those of his contemporaries.George Washington dominated his era like few other Americans. Yet the complexity of the historic events he was involved in and the sheer magnitude of his correspondence—the most voluminous in colonial America—can be overwhelming for researchers.The goal of this volume is to make the larger-than-life figure of George Washington accessible to modern researchers. In its 200 entries readers will discover a detailed and surprising portrait. Washington was not a cold, aloof, and unknowable man, but was extremely convivial by nature; a general who commanded the Continental army without pay but was a better administrator than military strategist; a man of deeds whose appearance was, according to one contemporary,'truly noble and majestic;'a man known to his contemporaries for his complete honesty.

This should be the first work of reference consulted by the genealogist, as it tells what family histories have already been published. These two massive volumes include titles and descriptive details of genealogies listed in the Family Name Index of the Local History and Genealogy Room in the Library of Congress up to 1972. The 20,000 entries, arranged by surname and covering every entry in the Family Name Index, include published as well as unpublished genealogies, with 25,000 cross-references directing attention to spelling variations and collateral family names. The entries refer not only to American and English works, but also to genealogies from Germany, France, Scandinavia, Spain, and many other countries.

The Fernow volume is divided into four main sections which are followed, in turn, by an Appendix and an index to the non-alphabetically arranged contents of the book. The first part of the opus consists of transcriptions of the texts of hundreds of proceedings of the Provincial Congress, Committee of Safety, and the Convention of New York relating to military matters. Next come the members of the New York Line of the Continental Army. The New York Line is followed by listings of Levies and Militia, arranged by county and thereunder by regiment. By far the largest complement of the 40,000 soldiers listed by Fernow falls within the Alphabetical Roster of State Troops. This roster indicates the soldier's name, rank, regiment, and company, though on occasion Fernow was able to append special circumstances, such as when/where enlisted, wounded, captured by Indians, and so on.

Seeds of Empire recreates the events surrounding General John Sullivan's scorched-earth campaign against the Six Nations of the American Indians of New York and the Eastern territories in 1779, following the surrender of General John Burgoyne's British army at the Battle of Saratoga. Mintz's meticulous historical research and renowned storytelling ability give life to this arresting narrative as it probes the mechanisms of the American Revolution and the structure and function of the Iroquois Six Nations.

This is the third and final volume of what has become the definitive work on the Loyalist soldiers who served in the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War. Like the other volumes, it is based on rosters, muster rolls, pay rolls, and other military records located in the archives of Great Britain, Canada, and the United States, and it completes the carefully drawn picture of Loyalist participation in the Southern theater of the war by framing in all the data that can be obtained on those regiments raised in the Middle Atlantic Colonies for duty in the South. With its listing of 10,000 soldiers and military dependents, it brings the total number of Loyalists identified in the three volumes to something like 35,000.

During the waning months of the War of 1812, Massachusetts'Governor Strong issued a call placing the militia in a state of readiness in anticipation of a British invasion. This work identifies every person from Massachusetts and Maine who served in that conflict. The body of the book is arranged by state and thereunder by militia company. For each company, there is given the name of the company captain, the names and ranks of all the militiamen who served under him, and the company's dates of service, place of organization, and duty station.

This volume documents exhaustively for the first time Edmond Charles Genet's dramatic challenges to American neutrality and Jefferson's diplomatic and political responses. After welcoming Genet's arrival as the harbinger of closer relations between the American and French republics, Jefferson becomes increasingly distressed by the French minister's defiance of the Washington administration's ban on the outfitting of French privateers in American ports, the enlistment of American citizens in French service, and the exercise of admiralty jurisdiction by French consuls in American ports. Although the Supreme Court declines to advise the executive branch on neutrality questions that Jefferson prepares with the President and the Cabinet, he helps to formulate a set of neutrality rules to meet Genet's challenge. Unable to convince the impetuous French envoy to adopt a more moderate course, Jefferson works in the Cabinet to bring about Genet's recall so as to preserve friendly relations with France and minimize political damage to the Republican party, in which he takes a more active role to prevent the Federalists from capitalizing on Genet's defiance of the President. Grappling with the threat of war with Spain, Jefferson involves himself equivocally in a diplomatically explosive plan by Genet to liberate Louisiana from Spanish rule. In this volume Jefferson also plays a decisive role in resolving a dispute over the design of the Capitol and plans agricultural improvements at Monticello in preparation for his retirement to private life.

Second only to Massachusetts in furnishing troops for the Revolutionary War, New York put at least 43,645 men in the field, all of whom are identified in this work from original muster rolls and payrolls in the State Comptroller's Office, as well as from records concerning regiments of the'Line'in rolls on file in the old War Department in Washington. New York forces were divided into Lines, Levies, and Militias, and these units, combined with men from coastal privateers, totaled 43,645, but if we add the 8,237 men named in the Land Bounty Papers in this second edition, a total force of nearly 52,000 men is arrived at, all of whom are conveniently located in the index to the first volume. Some three years after the publication of the second edition of'New York in the Revolution,'the State Comptroller's Office published a second volume, or Supplement, of'New York in the Revolution,'in effect, a compilation of the documents and records in the Comptroller's Office that were used in compiling the rolls and rosters in the first volume. In the reprint edition that we are now offering, these two scarce volumes have been combined into one, and New York's contribution to the Revolutionary War is finally enshrined in a single, accessible, and affordable volume--one we are confident anyone with an interest in New York history and genealogy will appreciate.

George Washington could criticize the militia in the sharpest, most condemning terms, but, as Mark Kwasny argues, the general also embraced a strategy that depended on the effectiveness of the militia. Its contributions were especially significant in the middle states around New York City. Militia units controlled local populations while defending coastal towns and enclaves against British raids. They cooperated effectively with the Continental Army, gathering military intelligence, serving as a defensive screen, and at critical times reinforcing the main army. Washington encouraged the use of the militia as partisans. The combination of 18th-century military doctrine and the partisan dimension reveals in Washington a depth of strategic ability only rarely recognized. By combining the histories of regular units, state militia, and politics at the state and national levels, the author brings clarity to the chaotic and complicated military campaigns. He aptly compares events in the middle states to the better known partisan warfare in the South and thus illuminates the militia's contributions to Washington's victories in the Revolutionary War.

'This solid, workmanlike monograph, based on impressive research and laced with first rate maps… gives the reader a greater appreciation of the performance of the states and their leaders in the northern theater of the war. And it shows that Washington was flexible in his use of the militia, which at times surprised him with its turnout and its performance.'-Reviews in American History'Everyone knows that George Washington distrusted the militia….He has been quoted so often on the topic that even specialists do not realize that Washington also saw virtues in militiamen and used them with real skill.'-Mark V. Kwasny