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3. Interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and the arterial baroreflex in control of arterial pressure and skeletal muscle blood flow

Author

Kaur, Jasdeep, primary, Alvarez, Alberto, additional, Hanna, Hanna W., additional, Krishnan, Abhinav C., additional, Senador, Danielle, additional, Machado, Tiago M., additional, Altamimi, Yasir H., additional, Lovelace, Abe T., additional, Dombrowski, Maryetta D., additional, Spranger, Marty D., additional, and O'Leary, Donal S., additional

Published
2016
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8. Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Exaggerated coronary vasoconstriction limits muscle metaboreflex-induced increases in ventricular performance in hypertension.

Author

Spranger, Marty D., Kaur, Jasdeep, Sala-Mercado, Javier A., Krishnan, Abhinav C., Abu-Hamdah, Rania, Alvarez, Alberto, Machado, Tiago M., Augustyniak, Robert A., and O'Leary, Donal S.

Subjects
PATHOLOGICAL physiology, HYPERTENSION
Abstract

Increases in myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise mainly occur via increases in coronary blood flow (CBF) as cardiac oxygen extraction is high even at rest. However, sympathetic coronary constrictor tone can limit increases in CBF. Increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during exercise likely occurs via the action of and interaction among activation of skeletal muscle afferents, central command, and resetting of the arterial baroreflex. As SNA is heightened even at rest in subjects with hypertension (HTN), we tested whether HTN causes exaggerated coronary vasoconstriction in canines during mild treadmill exercise with muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA; elicited by reducing hindlimb blood flow by ~60%) thereby limiting increases in CBF and ventricular performance. Experiments were repeated after α1-adrenergic blockade (prazosin; 75 κg/kg) and in the same animals following induction of HTN (modified Goldblatt 2K1C model). HTN increased mean arterial pressure from 97.1 ± 2.6 to 132.1 ± 5.6 mmHg at rest and MMA-induced increases in CBF, left ventricular dP/dtmax, and cardiac output were markedly reduced to only 32 ± 13, 26 ± 11, and 28 ± 12% of the changes observed in control. In HTN, α1-adrenergic blockade restored the coronary vasodilation and increased in ventricular function to the levels observed when normotensive. We conclude that exaggerated MMA-induced increases in SNA functionally vasoconstrict the coronary vasculature impairing increases in CBF, which limits oxygen delivery and ventricular performance in HTN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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10. 2013 Index.

Subjects
ELECTRONIC circuits
Abstract

An author index for the 2013 issue of "IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications" is presented.

Published
2014
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11. The Science of Swimming and Aquatic Activities

Author

Ricardo J. Fernandes and Ricardo J. Fernandes

Subjects
Aquatic sports--Training, Swimming--Physiological aspects, Swimming--Training, Swimming--Coaching, Aquatic sports--Physiological aspects
Abstract

This volume gathers important research from around the globe in the field of swimming and aquatic activities. Readers will be able to better grasp the science behind the sport and related physical activities, with approaches from physiology, biochemistry, immunology, biomechanics, pedagogy, didactics and history. The seventeen chapters focus on energetics and technical evaluation of swimming and starting techniques, but the importance of water adaptation and competence, drowning prevention and lifesaving is also emphasized. High-intensity interval training, best recovery practices and aquatic therapy program efficacy are also examined. Another chapter makes an unusual comparison between the hydrodynamics of aquatic animals and human swimming, with another chapter overviewing the last five decades of biomechanics and medicine in swimming. This new volume will help close the gap between theory and practice, and will be very useful to swimming and aquatic activities professionals as well as to the public in general who enjoy participating in and watching sports.

Published
2018

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